WO1992020628A1 - Processus de digestion anaerobie - Google Patents

Processus de digestion anaerobie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992020628A1
WO1992020628A1 PCT/US1991/003253 US9103253W WO9220628A1 WO 1992020628 A1 WO1992020628 A1 WO 1992020628A1 US 9103253 W US9103253 W US 9103253W WO 9220628 A1 WO9220628 A1 WO 9220628A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
gas
solids
anaerobic
anoxic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/003253
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dennis A. Burke
Original Assignee
Burke Dennis A
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US07/445,918 priority Critical patent/US5015384A/en
Application filed by Burke Dennis A filed Critical Burke Dennis A
Priority to EP19910911547 priority patent/EP0585221A4/en
Priority to PCT/US1991/003253 priority patent/WO1992020628A1/fr
Priority to CA 2102797 priority patent/CA2102797C/fr
Priority to AU79542/91A priority patent/AU662715B2/en
Priority claimed from CA 2102797 external-priority patent/CA2102797C/fr
Publication of WO1992020628A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992020628A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved processes for anaerobic digestion of waste materials, and particularly waste materials including significant concentrations of solid material.
  • the invention combines anaerobic treatment techniques with novel anoxic gas flotation processes for separating solids from liquids in the digested waste.
  • the operating efficiency of the process is substantially improved as a result of recirculation of solids containing living anaerobic microorganisms or "biomass" to the anaerobic digester to maintain high concentrations of anaerobic microorganisms therein thus speeding the breakdown of organic compounds to water, methane gas, and other products of anaerobic digestion.
  • the anaerobic digestion process has been utilized to treat and remove organic compounds from waste products such as sewage, sewage sludge, chemical wastes, food processing wastes, agricultural residues, animal wastes, including manure and other organic waste and material.
  • waste products such as sewage, sewage sludge, chemical wastes, food processing wastes, agricultural residues, animal wastes, including manure and other organic waste and material.
  • organic waste materials are fed into an anaerobic digestion reactor or tank which is sealed to prevent entrance of oxygen and in these airfree or "anoxic" conditions, anaerobic bacteria digests the waste.
  • Anaerobic digestion may be carried out in a single reactor or in multiple reactors of the t o stag, or two-phase configuration. See, S. Stronach, T. Rudd & J.
  • the products or effluent from anaerobic digestion consist of: (1) a gas phase containing carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and trace amounts of other gases, such as hydrogen sulf ide, which in total comprise what is commonly called biogas; (2) a liquid phase containing water, dissolved ammonia nitrogen, nutrients, organic and inorganic chemicals; and (3) a colloidal or suspended solids phase containing undigested organic and inorganic compounds, and synthesized biomass or bacterial cells within the effluent liquid.
  • the liquid phase (2) and the solid phase (3) comprise the effluent mixed liquor from the digestion reactor.
  • anaerobic bacteria are responsible for the breakdown or degradation of organic compounds to water, methane gas, and other products of anaerobic digestion.
  • concentration of these bacteria The greater the concentration of these bacteria the more rapid and efficient the process of digestion. This has lead to the use of anaerobic filters which maintain an active biomass attached to inert particles within the anaerobic reactor. See, Midwest Plan Service, Livestock Waste Management With
  • Maintaining a high biomass or bacterial population within the anaerobic reactor results in significantly reduced reactor detention time and thus smaller reactor size. Reduction of reactor size results in a reduction in capital costs, as well as energy requirements for heating and mixing of the reactor. Maintaining a high biomass also increases the treatment efficiency since the larger bacterial population reduces or breaks down more of the organic material being processed.
  • anaerobic activated sludge process which has also been called the anaerobic contact process. See, S. Stronach, T. Rudd & J. Lester, Anaerobic Digestion Processes in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, 1986, Springer, Verlag, pp. 93-120, 136-147.
  • the anaerobic activated sludge process is similar to its aerobic counterpart, the aerobic activated sludge process, which is commonly used to treat industrial and municipal wastes aerobically, i.e., using air with oxygen.
  • the aerobic activated sludge process consists of an aerobic reactor wherein a mixed liquor of influent waste and recirculated sludge or microorganisms are maintained under aeration followed by a liquid/solids separator which separates the suspended solids and microorganisms for recycle to the aerobic reactor.
  • the effluent from the liquid/solids separator is substantially free of suspended solids and the vast majority of the influent organic wastes.
  • the aerobic activated sludge process is commonly utilized as a waste treatment process because it can achieve high degrees of organic waste removal in small reactors containing high concentrations of microorganisms or biomass. High biomass concentrations are maintained by recirculating the solids from a liquid/solids separator. Although many liquid/solids separating processes are available, gravity separation or gravity clarification are primarily utilized. Fair, Geyer & Okun, Water Purification and Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, Vol. 2, 1968, pp. 35-17 through 35-22. Vacuum flotation and dissolved air flotation has also been utilized. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Process Design Manual for Suspended Solids Removal, 1975, pp. 7-23 through 7-27.
  • the anaerobic activated sludge, or anaerobic contact process has not been effectively utilized because the bacteria in anaerobic digestion are not easily separated from the mixed liquor effluent.
  • the difficulty has been that actively fermenting organisms do not settle by gravity because of the buoying effects of attached gas bubbles and the fact that the density of the bacteria closely approximate the density of water and do not floe easily.
  • the use of other common liquid/solids separators also have disadvantages.
  • the use of gravity clarification with the addition of high concentrations of flocculating or coagulating chemicals is expensive and harmful to the bacteria. Rapid temperature and pH changes have also been attempted and found to be harmful to the bacteria. Centrifuging has been found to be expensive and detrimental to the bacteria.
  • This invention provides an improved anaerobic digestion process suitable for use with waste having concentrations of solid materials therein and includes the use of a gas flotation liquid/solids separation technique employing oxygen-free, i.e., anoxic gas.
  • the separated solids which are rich in active biomass are then recirculated to the anaerobic digestion reactor to maintain a high concentration of anaerobic microorganisms within the digestion reactor.
  • FIGURE 1 is a block diagram illustrating the steps of the improved anaerobic digestion process.
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic illustration of one embodiment of the present invention, the dashed lines illustrating alternative embodiments.
  • FIGURE 3 is another embodiment of the present invention wherein the liquid/solids separation and anaerobic digestion takes place within the same reactor, the dashed lines indicating alternative embodiments.
  • anoxic gas such as digester gas, biogas, or its carbon dioxide or methane components generated by the anaerobic digestion process are utilized in known gas flotation separation equipment for the purpose of separating solids from liquids in the effluent of the anaerobic digester.
  • the separated solids which are rich in biomass are then recirculated, at least in part, to the anaerobic digester to enrich the concentration of anaerobic microorganisms therein. See FIGURE 1.
  • Separation of solids from liquids by anoxic gas flotation may be accomplished by any of a number of known techniques including dissolved gas flotation, dispersed gas flotation, vacuum gas flotation, froth flotation, or foam flotation, either separately or in combination with each other.
  • FIGURE 2 is a schematic representation of the process steps of this invention with lines and arrows representing piping or other suitable transport means for waste, gases, and effluent.
  • Conventional mass transport devices such as pumps and normally utilized appurtenances such as retention tanks and chemical feed systems are not illustrated since such are well known in the art and can be readily utilized where needed by a man skilled in the art.
  • Influent organic waste is delivered via line 10 to a conventional anaerobic digestion reactor 12.
  • the organic feed may be any organic material or waste product for which treatment is desired or from which methane gas energy is to be derived.
  • Anaerobic digester reactor 12 contains anaerobic bacteria, the influent wastes, and, as will be discussed hereafter, recycled solids containing active biomass.
  • the active biomass is delivered to the reactor via line 14, or in the alternative by way of line 16 to the influent at line 10.
  • the anaerobic digester 12 may be heated or unheated. If heated, it may be operated in a temperature range at which mesophilic or thermophilic bacteria thrive.
  • the digester 12 may be of any commonly utilized configuration and is not limited by construction materials.
  • the digester 12 may be mixed or unmixed during processing. If mixed, it can be mixed mechanically or with a recirculated natural gas mixing system or any other commonly utilized mixing scheme well known in the art. While digester 12 is shown to be a single reactor in FIGURE 2, it will be understood that multiple reactors, parallel digestion, staged digestion, phased digestion, or carrier-assisted digestion, all of which equipments and techniques are well known in the art, may alternatively be used and are considered to be within the scope of this invention.
  • Biogas containing methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, and other trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide is discharged from reactor 12 as a result of normal upward flow, pressurization of the reactor, vacuum pump, blower, or other conventional means through outlet piping 18 and along line 20.
  • a portion of the biogas may be transported along piping represented by line 22 and utilized in the flotation liquid/solids separator 24.
  • the remaining biogas is transported along line 26 and may be utilized directly by a boiler, engine generator, or cleaned up to produce pipeline quality gas or placed to some other productive use.
  • anoxic gases may be utilized by the gas flotation separator unit 24. Such gases may be delivered to unit 24 along piping represented by lines 28.
  • the source of the other anoxic gases may be from the cleanup and gas separation of gases discharged along line 26, effluent gases from an engine generator and/or boiler utilizing the biogas transported along line 26, and/or any other external source of gas.
  • the primary requirement is that the gas be anoxic, i.e., not contain oxygen or other constituents toxic to the anaerobic bacteria.
  • a suspended particle carrier may be added to the influent at line 10 or directly to the anaerobic digester 12 via lines 30.
  • the purpose of the carrier being to provide a medium on which anaerobic bacteria will attach and thus be more easily removed in the liquid/solids separator 24.
  • the anaerobic digester effluent containing water; dissolved ammonia nitrogen; phosphate and other nutrients; dissolved organic and inorganic chemicals; colloidal or suspended solids consisting of undigested organic and inorganic compounds and synthesized biomass or bacterial cells either attached or unattached to a suspended particle carrier is delivered along line 32 to the flotation liquid/solids separator 24.
  • the flotation liquid/solids separator 24 may be of a variety of types and configurations which commonly utilize air as a flotation gas and are known to those skilled in the art. They include: (1) dissolved gas flotation with or without recirculation; with or without polymer, flocculation or coagulant additions; with or without a retention or holding tank and with or without mechanical collection of the solids float; (2) dispersed air flotation wherein gas bubbles are created by mechanical agitation; (3) foam or froth flotation wherein bubbles are created by mechanical means or dissolving the gas under pressure with the addition of foaming or frothing chemical agents to promote the attachment of solids to the gas bubbles; and, (4) modified dissolved gas flotation which takes advantage of the small gas bubbles existing within the effluent.
  • liquid/solids separation are also contemplated as usable in this invention. They include vacuum flotation wherein less than atmospheric pressure is applied to the flotation device 24 which thus allows dissolved biogases found in the anaerobic digester effluent to precipitate and form small gas bubbles capable of floating the solids.
  • a vacuum-creating device 34 is shown as removing the released gases via line 36. While the many alternative devices and techniques described above have been commonly utilized with air as a flotation gas, a novel feature of the present invention is that these devices or systems are contemplated as being used with anoxic gas.
  • Biogas generated in the anaerobic digestion reactor 12 its component gases methane and/or carbon dioxide and/or any other anoxic gas may be utilized, in accordance with the present invention, as a flotation gas in the liquid/solids separation unit 24 to accomplish separation of solids without damage to the active biomass contained within the solids.
  • the solids portion emanating from the liquid/solids separator 24 and containing active biomass is transported along line 38 and thence to the anaerobic digestion reactor along line 14 or to the influent line 10 via line 16.
  • the solids may be transported for waste byproduct extraction and cleanup or external recirculation, as is known in the art, and as represented by line 40.
  • the effluent from the liquid/solids separator 24 is transported along line 42 to ultimate disposal or other resource recovery processes known in the art.
  • FIGURE 3 it will again be understood that conventional mass transport devices such as pumps and dissolving or retention vessels, while not illustrated, are contemplated as forming a part of the disclosure of the present invention.
  • transport lines in both FIGURES 2 and 3 are for illustrative purposes only and it will be understood that such lines could be run along other suitable paths so long as the materials are transported to the desired locations.
  • the liquid/solids separation and anaerobic digestion is carried out within a single anaerobic reactor vessel 50.
  • the influent organic waste material is transported to the reactor along piping represented by line 52.
  • a suspended particle carrier may be added, if desired, via piping represented by line 54.
  • the reactor 50 may be of any size, shape, or configuration. It may be heated or unheated, mixed or unmixed and constructed of any of a variety of construction materials known in the art.
  • the reactor 50 may be preceded by or followed by other anaerobic reactors in a multiple stage or multiple phase configuration as is conventionally known.
  • Biogas extracted from the reactor in any of the known manners discussed above, is transported along line 56 and thence via line 58 to productive use, cleanup, or separation to its various anoxic components.
  • a portion of the biogas produced through anaerobic digestion may be recycled along line 60 to waste influent line 52 for gas liquid/solids separation purposes.
  • a vacuum pump or blower 62 may be incorporated to assist in the gas liquid/solids separation.
  • a portion of the biogas produced may be withdrawn from line 58 and transported along lines 64 and 66 to the anaerobic digester 50.
  • Influent liquid in line 52 or effluent liquid in line 82 may be added to biogas lines 60 and 64 and the contents pressurized for dissolved gas flotation.
  • anoxic gases may be utilized in this process and can be added to the system through suitable piping illustrated by lines 68 and 70.
  • Solids separated by the anoxic gas flotation process are illustrated as being collected at lined area 72 in FIGURE 3.
  • the separated solids containing active biomass are transported along lines 74 and 76 to the influent line 52 to provide additional biomass to the reactor for improved anaerobic digestion.
  • separated solids may be transported from time to time via lines 74 and 78 out of the system for ultimate disposal, extraction of valuable resources, and/or other processing.
  • solids containing active biomass may be transported along lines 74 and 80 directly to the anaerobic reactor.
  • Foam, froth, flocculation, coagulation, or other chemical aids may be added to promote biogas liquid/solids separation via any of lines 52, 54, 76, 80, 60, 64, 66, 68, or 70.
  • FIGURE 3 thus illustrates the unique process whereby flotation liquid/solids separation is carried out within reactor 50 through the use of biogas, its component gases, and/or other anoxic gases and the total or partial recirculation of active biomass to promote rapid and efficient anaerobic digestion.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un processus de digestion anaérobie amélioré concernant des déchets présentant des concentrations de solides en suspension; ledit processus permet de séparer les solides, contenant une biomasse active (38), des autres produits de digestion (42) en utilisant un procédé de séparation par flottation de gaz anoxique (24) et en faisant recirculer les solides séparés contenant une biomasse active (38) vers le réacteur de digestion anaérobie (12) afin de maintenir d'importantes concentrations de microorganismes anaérobies à l'intérieur du réacteur.
PCT/US1991/003253 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Processus de digestion anaerobie WO1992020628A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/445,918 US5015384A (en) 1988-05-25 1989-12-04 Anaerobic digestion process
EP19910911547 EP0585221A4 (en) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Anaerobic digestion process
PCT/US1991/003253 WO1992020628A1 (fr) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Processus de digestion anaerobie
CA 2102797 CA2102797C (fr) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Systeme de fermentation anaerobie
AU79542/91A AU662715B2 (en) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Anaerobic digestion process

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US19833288A 1988-05-25 1988-05-25
PCT/US1991/003253 WO1992020628A1 (fr) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Processus de digestion anaerobie
CA 2102797 CA2102797C (fr) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Systeme de fermentation anaerobie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992020628A1 true WO1992020628A1 (fr) 1992-11-26

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PCT/US1991/003253 WO1992020628A1 (fr) 1988-05-25 1991-05-10 Processus de digestion anaerobie

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WO (1) WO1992020628A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007104551A1 (fr) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Meri Entsorgungstechnik für die Papierindustrie GmbH Procede et dispositif pour le conditionnement anaerobique d'une eau residuaire
EP2111377A1 (fr) * 2007-02-09 2009-10-28 Environmental Stewardship Solutions, LLC Procédé de récupération de matières solides en suspension d'effluents résiduels
US8246828B2 (en) 2009-08-04 2012-08-21 Geosynfuels, Llc Methods for selectively producing hydrogen and methane from biomass feedstocks using an anaerobic biological system
WO2013017289A3 (fr) * 2011-08-04 2013-05-10 Sequence Laboratories Göttingen Gmbh Procédé pour la production de biocarburant et de biogaz à partir de matières organiques insolubles
US9187355B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2015-11-17 United Utilities Plc Production of volatile fatty acids by means of mesophilic fermentation of sludge
WO2018215040A1 (fr) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Bio-Aqua A/S Méthode et appareil de récupération de matières organiques solides à partir d'un flux d'un effluent de biomasse partiellement digérée
CN111362544A (zh) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-03 中国农业大学 一种沼液生产液态有机肥和养殖场清洁回用水的方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2777815A (en) * 1953-06-08 1957-01-15 Chicago Pump Co Sewage digestion process
US2786025A (en) * 1953-06-08 1957-03-19 Chicago Pump Co Sewage digestion process
US4067801A (en) * 1975-05-14 1978-01-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Process and system for anaerobic treatment of biochemical waste
US4134830A (en) * 1975-04-25 1979-01-16 Svenska Sockerfabriks Ab Method of purifying waste water
JPS5515279A (en) * 1978-07-20 1980-02-02 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Processing method for magnetic powder
US4297216A (en) * 1975-01-22 1981-10-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for treatment of biochemical waste
US4530762A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-07-23 Love Leonard S Anaerobic reactor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2777815A (en) * 1953-06-08 1957-01-15 Chicago Pump Co Sewage digestion process
US2786025A (en) * 1953-06-08 1957-03-19 Chicago Pump Co Sewage digestion process
US4297216A (en) * 1975-01-22 1981-10-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Method for treatment of biochemical waste
US4134830A (en) * 1975-04-25 1979-01-16 Svenska Sockerfabriks Ab Method of purifying waste water
US4067801A (en) * 1975-05-14 1978-01-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Process and system for anaerobic treatment of biochemical waste
JPS5515279A (en) * 1978-07-20 1980-02-02 Hitachi Maxell Ltd Processing method for magnetic powder
US4530762A (en) * 1984-03-28 1985-07-23 Love Leonard S Anaerobic reactor

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007104551A1 (fr) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Meri Entsorgungstechnik für die Papierindustrie GmbH Procede et dispositif pour le conditionnement anaerobique d'une eau residuaire
AU2007224653B2 (en) * 2006-03-15 2011-03-31 Meri Entsorgungstechnik Fur Die Papierindustrie Gmbh Process and device for the anaerobic treatment of waste water
US7947178B2 (en) 2006-03-15 2011-05-24 Meri Entsorgungstechnik Fuer Die Papierindustrie Gmbh Method and apparatus for the anaerobic treatment of waste water
EP2111377A1 (fr) * 2007-02-09 2009-10-28 Environmental Stewardship Solutions, LLC Procédé de récupération de matières solides en suspension d'effluents résiduels
EP2111377A4 (fr) * 2007-02-09 2012-05-02 Environmental Stewardship Solutions Llc Procédé de récupération de matières solides en suspension d'effluents résiduels
US9187355B2 (en) 2007-12-06 2015-11-17 United Utilities Plc Production of volatile fatty acids by means of mesophilic fermentation of sludge
US8246828B2 (en) 2009-08-04 2012-08-21 Geosynfuels, Llc Methods for selectively producing hydrogen and methane from biomass feedstocks using an anaerobic biological system
WO2013017289A3 (fr) * 2011-08-04 2013-05-10 Sequence Laboratories Göttingen Gmbh Procédé pour la production de biocarburant et de biogaz à partir de matières organiques insolubles
WO2018215040A1 (fr) * 2017-05-23 2018-11-29 Bio-Aqua A/S Méthode et appareil de récupération de matières organiques solides à partir d'un flux d'un effluent de biomasse partiellement digérée
CN111362544A (zh) * 2020-04-02 2020-07-03 中国农业大学 一种沼液生产液态有机肥和养殖场清洁回用水的方法

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