WO1992020383A1 - Systeme pour separer les constituants du sang - Google Patents

Systeme pour separer les constituants du sang Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992020383A1
WO1992020383A1 PCT/GB1992/000941 GB9200941W WO9220383A1 WO 1992020383 A1 WO1992020383 A1 WO 1992020383A1 GB 9200941 W GB9200941 W GB 9200941W WO 9220383 A1 WO9220383 A1 WO 9220383A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
blood
reservoir
filtrate
treated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1992/000941
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Gordon Hood
Original Assignee
Bio-Flo Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bio-Flo Limited filed Critical Bio-Flo Limited
Publication of WO1992020383A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992020383A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/301—Details
    • A61M1/302—Details having a reservoir for withdrawn untreated blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/301—Details
    • A61M1/303—Details having a reservoir for treated blood to be returned
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/30—Single needle dialysis ; Reciprocating systems, alternately withdrawing blood from and returning it to the patient, e.g. single-lumen-needle dialysis or single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/301—Details
    • A61M1/305—Control of inversion point between collection and re-infusion phase
    • A61M1/308—Volume control, e.g. with open or flexible containers, by counting the number of pump revolutions, weighing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for treating a fluid, which is blood or blood-derived fluid in order to remove certain components from the blood; and a process for achieving this.
  • the system is particularly applicable to the plasmapheresis of whole blood withdrawn from a donor, where a plasma stream is separated from a blood stream by means of a membrane filter.
  • Plasma which is blood from which cells have been removed
  • Plasma is conventionally required for blood transfusions.
  • Blood cell concentrates are used for the treatment of shock trauma, though such cell concentrates tend to have a short shelf life.
  • Blood is also treated to remove desirable products therefrom, such as factor VIII which is a blood clotting factor used for the treatment of haemophiliacs.
  • factor VIII which is a blood clotting factor used for the treatment of haemophiliacs.
  • blood taken from blood donors is centrifuged in order to remove the cells and produce plasma.
  • European patenr application 414006 discloses an apparatus for haemapheresis wherein a membrane cross-flow filter is used to separate plasma from cellular components. The treated blood is then returned to the patient. The process disclosed requires the blood to be diluted with saline prior to passage through the cross-flow filter, in order to prevent clogging of the filter. The saline diluent is removed before the blood is recycled to the donor.
  • the present invention aims to provide a system and corresponding process in which plasmapheresis can be carried out without the need for a diluent in a simple integrated system.
  • a system for treating a fluid which is blood or blood-derived fluid which comprises:
  • the membrane filtration means being adapted for treating the fluid to remove a filtrate stream from the fluid
  • the system is particularly intended for the plasmapheresis of blood from a donor in order to provide a plasma stream. (the filtrate) and a cell concentrate stream.
  • the cell concentrate stream may be returned to the patient or may be stored for imminent use in the treatment of shock trauma.
  • blood is removed from a donor, treated and returned to the donor via a single needle inserted in the donor which is achieved by withdrawing batches of-blood from the patient, passing the blood through the membrane filtration means and storing the treated batch in the reservoir means.
  • the plasma filtrate stream (or the cell concentrate stream) is subjected to further treatment to remove desired components therefrom.
  • plasma can be treated to remove factor VIII by further membrane filtration steps or other steps known in the art.
  • the fluid treatment system itself is designed to form an integrated system, which is automatically controlled and is provided as a transportable unit, for example, for donation and treatment of blood in situ for military requirements.
  • the fluid delivery means is a peristaltic pump, which removes blood from the patient and delivers it directly or indirectly to the membrane filter. In the case of treatment of previously withdrawn blood or blood-derived fluids, the necessary fluid delivery is achieved by means of gravity.
  • the fluid delivery means delivers fluid to a buffer volume container equipped with sensors for controlling the rate of delivery of fluid to the filtration means.
  • the buffer volume may be equipped with level sensor means and also pressure sensor means.
  • the buffer volume container and associated level sensor means are emitted and an in-line fluid cushion or damper is coupled to pressure sensor means.
  • the pressure sensor and components at the • outlet of the reservoir means are omitted and the transme brane pressure sensors are located at the inlet and oulet of the filter means.
  • the need for pre-flushing the system with saline is avoided by injecting a small volume of anti-coagulant into the line just prior to withdrawing blood. This is sufficient to •• wet" the membrane and the need for a drainage bag and associated pumps is avoided.
  • a method of treating a fluid comprising: delivering a volume of said fluid to a membrane filter; treating the fluid to remove a filtrate stream, storing a batch of treated fluid from said filter in a reservoir; discharging said filtrate from said reservoir, discharging said treated fluid from the reservoir, and sensing the pressure across the membrane filter and controlling the rate of delivery of the bluid by the delivery means.
  • the method includes collecting the filtrate in a filtrate reservoir.
  • the method includes pre-flushing the system with saline and collecting the saline in a separate reservoir.
  • the method includes injecting a small volume of anti-coagulant into the system to wet the filter membrane prior to treating the fluid.
  • the various lines, volumes, reservoirs and filters are preferably formed of a transparent material which allows visual monitoring of the process; in addition to automatic control means which may be provided. These items are also preferably formed of a sterilisable material and are adapted to be discarded after use to avoid the danger of cross-infection between donors.
  • the membrane filtration means is usually a hollow fibre cross-flow membrane filtration system, such as that sold for use with the Bio-2000 (trademark) by Bio-Flo Limited, Glasgow, Scotland.
  • the fibres are preferably formed of polypropylene wetted with a surfactant, such as a Pluronic, in order to make the fibres hydrophilic.
  • a surfactant such as a Pluronic
  • other hydrophilic hollow fibres may also be used.
  • the use of suitable hydrophilic hollow fibres avoids any need to dilute the blood prior to treatment.
  • Downstream of the filter is connected a reservoir means for receiving a batch of treated fluid. This is preferably provided with control sensors, such as level sensors and pressure sensors.
  • Treated fluid discharge means and filtrate discharge means are provided for discharging the treated fluid and filtrate respectively. These discharge means may be in the form of pumps or may simply be lines which allow controlled discharge, either back to the donor or to suitable storage means.
  • the pressure sensor means sense the trans-membrane pressure in the membrane filtration system. This is preferably achieved by providing pressure sensors upstream and downstream of the membrane filter. On the assumption that the filtrate pressure is negligible, the trans-membrane pressure is generally obtained by averaging the upstream and downstream pressure elevations above atmospheric pressure.
  • the trans-membrane pressure system operates in a manner as disclosed in applicant's co-pending published International application
  • the system and process of the present invention enables an integrated system to be provided which is susceptable of automatic computer control, and may treat blood in situ in an economical sterile manner in a short period of time.
  • the system and process described can also be adapted for use with other treatment means in place of the membrane filter.
  • the membrane filtration means might be replaced with a detoxification column (for example containing activated carbon) or an ion-exchange column for selectively removing toxins or other components from the blood prior to return to the patient. In this case, no filtrate stream is produced but otherwise the fluid is treated in an analogous manner.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a plasmapheresis system
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a first attenative embodiment of Fig. 1 with the first reservoir omitted;
  • Fig 3 is a schematic diagram of a second attenative embodiment of Fig. 2 with the first reservoir omitted and the trans-membrane pressure senors located at the filter inlet and oulet;
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram similar to Fig. 3 with the pre-flushing saline drainage bag omitted.
  • the blood plasmapheresis system fundamentally comprises a fluid delivery pump 10 in the form of a peristaltic pump, for withdrawing blood from the arm of a donor via a single needle 12, and which delivers blood to a buffer volume 14 connected in turn to a hollow fibre membrane filter 16.
  • the filter separates a plasma filtrate stream which goes to a plasma bag 18 and a cell concentrate stream which is collected in batches in a reservoir 20 and thence is pumped by peristaltic pump 22 back into the patient via the single needle 12.
  • an anti-coagulant e.g. heparin
  • the amount of anti-coagulant added is such as to prevent clotting of the blood in the system, but should not be excessive.
  • the anti-coagulant is passed through line 28 into blood line 30.
  • the blood line 30 is also equipped with a vacuum sensor 32 which monitors any accidental reduced pressure in the line 30. Should a reduced pressure occur, for example due to a collapsed artery, tube or blockage, the system is shut down.
  • Line 30 passes through peristaltic pump 10 and terminates in buffer volume 14.
  • the buffer volume is equipped with a level sensor 36 and associated level valve 38 which co-operate with the peristaltic pump 10 to maintain a fixed level of blood within the buffer volume 14.
  • a first trans-membrane pressure sensor 42 senses the pressure in the fluid upstream of the membrane filter 16.
  • Blood passes from the buffer volume 14 via line 44 to the hollow fibre ultrafiltration filter 16.
  • a drainage line controlled by a valve 46 allows for purging of the lines upstream of the filter.
  • the filter 16 comprises a bundle of hollow polypropylene ultrafiltration fibres treated with Pluronic flake to render them hydrophilic.
  • a cross-flow of blood passes through the filters from line 44 to cell concentrate line 48.
  • a plasma filtrate which is passed through the hollow fibre membranes exits the filter through line 50.
  • the filtrate line 50 can either be connected to a drainage bag 52 via valve 4, which is used during initial set up of the system; or via a valve 5 to plasma collection bag 18.
  • the plasma bag is arranged on a weighing scale 54 which shuts down the system when the plasma bag is full.
  • the concentrated cell stream passes through line 48 to reservoir 20, and is then fed by peristaltic pump 22 through line 56 via valve 2 back to the patient through needle 12.
  • the concentrated cell stream may be fed through valve 3 to drainage bag 52 and can then be discarded or used soon thereafter to -treat shock trauma.
  • Reservoir 20 is provided with various control sensors. High (H) , low (L) and starve (S) are provided for monitoring the level of cell concentrate in the reservoir, a bubble sensor (B) is also included for monitoring the presence of any undesired bubbles in the system.
  • H High
  • L low
  • S starve
  • B bubble sensor
  • the starve(s) level detector detects when the level is below the blood clot filter level.
  • a second trans-membrane pressure sensor 58 senses the pressure downstream of the filter 16.
  • a valve 60 is provided for purging the system and to provide a safety overflow relief which operates in conjunction with a fluid sensor 62.
  • the system is preferably mounted on an upstanding board where the blood flow can be visually observed.
  • the line, buffer volume, filter, reservoir and other flow components are preferably formed of a transparent material.
  • the arrangement is such that the line 30, buffer volume 14, line 44, filter 16, lines 48 and 50, reservoir 20 and line 56 are disposable after use with each donor.
  • Items indicated by reference numeral 40 are push fit connectors which enable the disposable lines to be easily removed after use.
  • the system is micro-processor controlled and digital indicators are provided for arterial flow rate and pressure, venous flow rate and pressure, anti-coagulant flow rate and trans-membrane pressure.
  • the system may be operated as follows.
  • the needle 12 is inserted into the patient's arm and the system is primed with saline.
  • Pump 10 is actuated to draw blood from the patient.
  • the concentrated stream (line 48) and filtrate stream (line 50) are initially fed to (waste) drainage bag 52 via open valves 3 and 4 until the system establishes equilibrium.
  • valves 2, 3 and 4 are closed such that filtrate plasma is fed via open valve 5 to plasma bag 18 and cell concentrate is collected in reservoir 20.
  • Operation continues until treated concentrate in reservoir 20 reaches level sensor H.
  • the predetermined level is maintained in buffer volume 14 and the rate of delivery of blood to the filter is controlled by a micro-processor in accordance with trans-membrane pressure readings obtained from sensors 42 and 58.
  • valve 1 When reservoir 20 is filled, delivery pump 10 is switched off and valve 1 is closed. Valve 2 is opened and pump 22 is actuated to progressively return the collected concentrate from reservoir 20 back into the donor via line 56 and needle 12. When the level in reservoir 20 has fallen to a low level, the process is repeated until the required volume of plasma has collected in plasma bag 18. The contents of plasma bag 18 are monitored by the weighing scale 54.
  • plasma is automatically withdrawn from the donor and cell concentrate is returned to the donor thereby minimising any adverse effects on the donor.
  • the cell concentrate can be collected for use rather than being returned to the patient.
  • Fig. 2 of the drawings depicts an alternative embodiment of Fig. 1 with the first reservoir 14 omitted.
  • the tubing 30 passes around delivery pump 10 and is connected to the inlet of an in-line tubing portion 70 which acts as a fluid "cushion" or damper which is coupled to the first trans-membrane pressure sensor 42 via the push foot connector 40.
  • the outlet of the fluid damper 70 is connected to line 44 which in turn feeds into the inlet of the filter 16.
  • the fluid damper 70 acts to mimimise pressure fluctuations and ensure that the pressures monitored by the sensor 42 are accurate.
  • the level valve 38 is also not needed.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is of course that the first reservoir is not required, thus minimising fluid circuitry.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 operates in the same way as that described with reference to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 of the drawings shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • like numerals refer to like parts as in the earlier embodiments.
  • the first reservoir 14 has been omitted and in this case the line 30 is connected directly to line 44.
  • the pressure sensor 40 at the output of the second reservoir 20 and associated circuitry has been omitted as has the sensor 42 associated with the first reservoir 14.
  • the trans-membrane pressure sensors 72 and 74 are located at the inlet and outlet respectively of the filter 16.
  • the tubing 44 which passes through sensor 72 is of increased diameter so that the sensor can detect accurately pressure fluctuations.
  • the part of the tubing 48 which passes through sensor 74 is of increased diameter for the same reason.
  • the sensors 72 and 74 are coupled to a micro-processor which controls the operation of the system as described above.
  • Fig. 4 of the drawings depicts yet a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • like numerals also refer to like parts.
  • this embodiment is most similar to that shown in Fig. 3, but additionally the drainage bag 52 and associated pumps 3 and 4 have been omitted.
  • a small slug in the amount of about 1-lOml. of anti-coagulant is injected in to line 30 via reservoir 24, pump 26 on line 28.
  • the anti-coagulant precedes the blood and passes through the circuit as shown.
  • the anti-coagulant activates the membrane in filter 16 by "wetting" the membrane sufficiently to allow the member to function properly in the filter. It will be appreciated that some anti-coagulant will pass through the membrane to be collected in the plasma bag 18 and the remainder will be collected in the reservoir 20. However, the amount of anti-coagulant used is so small as to have a negligible adverse effect on the volume of plasma contained in the bag 18 and the cell concentrate in the - 15 - reservoir 20. It will be appreciated that the principal advantage of this arrangement is that there is no need to pre-flush the-system with saline prior to withdrawing blood from the patient, ' thus minimising the time spent operating the system. In addition, the requirement of a drainage bag is obviated.
  • the system hereinbefore described with reference to the embodiments has particular application for the in situ production of blood cell concentrate and plasma as such it has significant applications for military battlefield use where blood from donor soldiers can be very quickly collected and treated for use on wounded soldiers.
  • the system is small and compact and can be used on ships, aircraft and in other vehicles in motion where conventional centrifuges cannot be operated since they become unstable.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un système pour le traitement de fluides qui est particulièrement conçu pour le traitement du sang ou d'un fluide dérivé du sang et qui comprend un organe d'amenée de fluide (10) servant à amener le fluide dans un organe de filtration à membrane (16), lequel sert à traiter le fluide pour en éliminer un courant de filtrat (50); un réservoir (20) relié à l'organe de filtration (16) et servant à recevoir une quantité de fluide traitée; un organe de décharge de fluide traité (22) relié au réservoir (20) et servant à décharger le fluide traité depuis le réservoir (20); un organe de décharge de filtrat (18, 52) relié à l'organe de filtration (16) et servant à décharger le filtrat de celui-ci; ainsi qu'un organe capteur de pression (42, 58) servant à détecter la pression s'exerçant à travers la membrane dans l'organe de filtration à membrane (16) et à réguler le débit d'amenée du fluide par l'organe d'amenée (10).
PCT/GB1992/000941 1991-05-22 1992-05-22 Systeme pour separer les constituants du sang WO1992020383A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9111028.8 1991-05-22
GB919111028A GB9111028D0 (en) 1991-05-22 1991-05-22 Fluid treatment system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992020383A1 true WO1992020383A1 (fr) 1992-11-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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WO (1) WO1992020383A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5587070A (en) * 1990-11-06 1996-12-24 Pall Corporation System for processing biological fluid
US5601727A (en) * 1991-11-04 1997-02-11 Pall Corporation Device and method for separating plasma from a biological fluid
WO1998020918A1 (fr) * 1996-11-13 1998-05-22 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Procede et appareil de surveillance des occlusions par analyse des ondes de forme de pression
CN107626209A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-01-26 江苏拓邦环保科技有限公司 一种螺旋卷式膜元件的制作方法
WO2018046922A1 (fr) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-15 University Of Strathclyde Améliorations apportées ou se rapportant à la récupération du sang et à l'autotransfusion
US20180155667A1 (en) * 2015-08-08 2018-06-07 Stobbe Pharma Tech Gmbh Retention system
EP4072613A4 (fr) * 2019-12-12 2024-06-05 Stavro Medical, Inc. Systèmes de traitement du sang extracorporel manuel par seringue et méthodes utilisant un traitement par lots

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0085016A1 (fr) * 1982-01-11 1983-08-03 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Appareillage utilisable en plasmaphérèse avec appareil à membrane semi-perméable
WO1984000892A1 (fr) * 1982-08-24 1984-03-15 Baxter Travenol Lab Systemes et procedes de recuperation de composants du sang a rendement accru
US4493693A (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-01-15 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Trans-membrane pressure monitoring system
EP0266683A2 (fr) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-11 ASAHI MEDICAL Co., Ltd. Unité permettant de recueillir les éléments constitutifs du sang
WO1989004690A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-01 Baxter International Inc. Procedes et appareil d'hemapherese en continu a aiguille unique
WO1991005576A1 (fr) * 1989-10-17 1991-05-02 Bio-Flo Limited Systeme de filtration a pression reglee a travers une membrane

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0085016A1 (fr) * 1982-01-11 1983-08-03 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Appareillage utilisable en plasmaphérèse avec appareil à membrane semi-perméable
US4493693A (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-01-15 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Trans-membrane pressure monitoring system
WO1984000892A1 (fr) * 1982-08-24 1984-03-15 Baxter Travenol Lab Systemes et procedes de recuperation de composants du sang a rendement accru
EP0266683A2 (fr) * 1986-10-29 1988-05-11 ASAHI MEDICAL Co., Ltd. Unité permettant de recueillir les éléments constitutifs du sang
WO1989004690A1 (fr) * 1987-11-25 1989-06-01 Baxter International Inc. Procedes et appareil d'hemapherese en continu a aiguille unique
WO1991005576A1 (fr) * 1989-10-17 1991-05-02 Bio-Flo Limited Systeme de filtration a pression reglee a travers une membrane

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5587070A (en) * 1990-11-06 1996-12-24 Pall Corporation System for processing biological fluid
US5601727A (en) * 1991-11-04 1997-02-11 Pall Corporation Device and method for separating plasma from a biological fluid
WO1998020918A1 (fr) * 1996-11-13 1998-05-22 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Procede et appareil de surveillance des occlusions par analyse des ondes de forme de pression
US5906589A (en) * 1996-11-13 1999-05-25 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for occlusion monitoring using pressure waveform analysis
US20180155667A1 (en) * 2015-08-08 2018-06-07 Stobbe Pharma Tech Gmbh Retention system
WO2018046922A1 (fr) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-15 University Of Strathclyde Améliorations apportées ou se rapportant à la récupération du sang et à l'autotransfusion
CN107626209A (zh) * 2017-11-08 2018-01-26 江苏拓邦环保科技有限公司 一种螺旋卷式膜元件的制作方法
EP4072613A4 (fr) * 2019-12-12 2024-06-05 Stavro Medical, Inc. Systèmes de traitement du sang extracorporel manuel par seringue et méthodes utilisant un traitement par lots

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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