WO1992019596A2 - PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING α-PYRIDYL CARBINOLS - Google Patents
PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING α-PYRIDYL CARBINOLS Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992019596A2 WO1992019596A2 PCT/US1992/003596 US9203596W WO9219596A2 WO 1992019596 A2 WO1992019596 A2 WO 1992019596A2 US 9203596 W US9203596 W US 9203596W WO 9219596 A2 WO9219596 A2 WO 9219596A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- aryl
- cyanopyridine
- reacting
- ketone
- pyridyl
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/20—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D211/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulphur atoms by oxygen atoms
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to processes for producing ⁇ -pyridyl carbinol compounds. More particularly, it relates to a process for producing an ⁇ -2-pyridyl
- ⁇ -Pyridyl carbinol compounds having the characteristic Py-C-OH grouping, where Py is a pyridyl group, have been widely studied and used in large quantities as intermediates in the production of antihistamines, for instance
- the "Emmert reaction” involves a reaction of pyridine and ketones in the presence of a magnesium or aluminum amalgam.
- the reaction product includes a mixture of 2- and 4-pyridyl carbinols together with pinacols formed as byproducts. See, e.g., B. Emmert and E. Asendorf, Ber., 72, 1188 (1939); B. Emmert and E. Pirot, Ber. , 74, 714 (1941); and C.H. Tilford, R.S. Shelton and M.G. Van Campen, Jr., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70, 4001 (1948).
- ⁇ -pyridyl carbinols are produced by decarboxylation of picolinic acid in an excess of aldehyde or ketone. See, e.g. P. Dyson and D.L. Hammick, J. Chem. Soc, 1724 (1937); and K. Mislow, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 69 , 2559 (1947).
- ⁇ -Pyridyl carbinols can also be prepared either by the action of pyridyl Grignard reagents on aldehydes or ketones, see, e.g., J.P. Wibaut and L.G. Heeringa, Recueil. 74, 1003 (1955); N. Furukawa, T. Shibutani, K. Matsumura, H.
- the diphenyl ketyl radical has been reported to undergo substitution reactions with cyano-substituted pyridinium ions to form ⁇ -pyridinium substituted carbinols. B.M.
- Diaryl heterocyclic carbinols have been prepared by oxidation of corresponding methylpyridines with sodium hydroxide and O 2 in DMSO. See, T.J. Kress and L.L. Moore, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 9 , 1161 (1972).
- the present invention addresses these and other needs and provides in one preferred embodiment a process for producing an ⁇ -2-pyridyl ⁇ -aryl carbinol or an ⁇ -4- ⁇ yridyl
- ⁇ -aryl carbinol compound This is achieved by heating and reacting a 2- or 4-cyanopyridine with an ⁇ -aryl ketone or ⁇ -aryl aldehyde in the presence of a metal or metal ion electron donor in an aromatic solvent, and recovering the ⁇ -2-pyridyl ⁇ -aryl carbinol or ⁇ -4-pyridyl ⁇ -aryl
- Another preferred embodiment provides a process for producing an ⁇ -2-pyridyl ⁇ -aryl carbinol or an ⁇ -4- ⁇ yridyl ⁇ -aryl carbinol
- This preferred embodiment is characterized by initially reacting an ⁇ -aryl aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a metal or metal ion electron donor. The product of this initial reaction is subsequently reacted with a 2- or 4-cyanopyridine, and the ⁇ -aryl pyridyl carbinol compound is then recovered.
- the initial reacting i.e. the reaction of electron donor and aldehyde or ketone prior to the
- the invention provides a process in which electron donor is initially reacted with the aldehyde or ketone and then the 2- or
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides a process for preparing an ⁇ -aryl pyridyl carbinol compound, comprising reacting an ⁇ -aryl ketone or aldehyde with a 2-or 4-cyanopyridine in the presence of a metal or metal ion electron donor selected from the group consisting of Group IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VB, VIB and VIIB metals and ions thereof.
- a metal or metal ion electron donor selected from the group consisting of Group IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VB, VIB and VIIB metals and ions thereof.
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides a process for preparing an ⁇ -aryl piperidyl carbinol compound from a corresponding ⁇ -aryl pyridyl carbinol compound, comprising hydrogenating the ⁇ -aryl pyridyl carbinol
- the preferred embodiments of the invention employ relatively inexpensive and readily accessible starting materials, and can be conducted under moderate conditions. Further, preferred processes of the invention provide highly selective production of either 2- or 4-pyridyl carbinols in good yield and with very little byproduct formation.
- the cyanopyridine employed in the preferred embodiments can lack further substituents attached to its pyridine ring, or of course can include other substituents attached to the ring which do not interfere with the reaction of the cyanopyridine and the aldehyde or ketone (sometimes together hereinafter referred to as "the carbonyl compound") to give the desired product.
- Such non-interfering substituents can include, for example, alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc, fused aryl (e.g. naphthyl) groups and others.
- the cyanopyridine is reacted with an ⁇ -aryl ketone or aldehyde, e.g. a compound according to the formula Ar-CO-R 1 wherein Ar is aryl and R 1 is hydrogen
- aldehydes i.e. aldehydes
- organic group such as branched or unbranched alkyl (preferably about C 1 -C 10 alkyl, e.g.
- alkenyl e.g. a branched or unbranched carbon chain group, preferably about
- alkaryl e.g. -alkylene-aryl with C 1 -C 10 alkylene groups being preferred
- alkenylaryl e.g. -alkenyl-aryl with C 1 -C 10 alkenyl groups being preferred
- ketones i.e. ketones
- -CO-R 1 can form an alicyclic group fused to Ar, e.g. preferably forming a fused 4, 5 or 6 membered hydrocarbon ring, which may also be fused to another aryl group, e.g. as occurs in preferred reactants such as fluorenone.
- preferred ⁇ -aryl carbonyl reactants to date have included ketones such as benzophenone, Michler's ketone (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone), 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, 4-methoxybenzophenone, fluorenone and chalcone, and aldehydes such as benzaldehyde.
- ⁇ -Aryl ketones which are free from enolizable hydrogens (i.e. R, has no enolizable hydrogens on a carbon bonded immediately to the carbonyl group "-CO-") are preferred, for instance as provided in ⁇ , ⁇ -diaryl ketones, e.g. benzophenone.
- aryl is meant to include an aromatic cyclic or polycyclic group containing one or more unsaturated six-membered carbon-containing rings, which rings can include one or more heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, e.g. pyridyl groups.
- preferred aryl groups include for instance phenyl groups and groups having two or more fused benzene rings, typically two or three fused benzene rings, e.g. naphthyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, etc.
- the aryl group can be substituted with non-interfering substituents, for example amino groups such as alkylamino, e.g. dimethylamino, amido groups, e.g. -NHCOCH 3 , alkoxy groups, e.g. methoxy and ethoxy,
- alkylsilyl groups e.g. trimethylsilyl, or other carboxyl derivatives, e.g. -COO-alkyl or -COO-aryl, halogens, e.g.
- ⁇ -aryl ketone or aldehyde is meant to include aldehydes and ketones in which an aryl group is immediately adjacent and bonded to a carbonyl group.
- ⁇ , ⁇ -diaryl ketone includes ketones having two such aryl groups bonded and immediately adjacent to a
- reactants e.g. where an ⁇ -aryl ketone reactant contains an enolizable hydrogen.
- X will be the same as R 1 , where R 1 is free of enolizable hydrogens, a
- hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkenylaryl, etc, can be a group resulting from an aldol condensation and dehydration of two of the reactant ⁇ -aryl ketones. That is, two reactant molecules Ar-CO-CH 2 -R 2 can undergo aldol condensation and subsequent dehydration to give an ⁇ -aryl ketone having the formula
- This ⁇ -aryl ketone compound can then react in situ with a
- a ketone reactant contains an enolizable hydrogen
- the cyanopyridine and the aldehyde or ketone are reacted in the presence of a metal or metal ion electron donor.
- Suitable such donors include metals or metal ions having oxidation potentials sufficiently high to cause the reaction to proceed.
- the metal or metal ion may be selected from Group IA (e.g. alkali metals such as sodium, lithium and potassium metals).
- Group IB e.g. copper metal
- Group IIA e.g. alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium metals
- Group IIB e.g. zinc metal
- Group IIIA e.g. aluminum metal
- Group IIIB e.g. samarium
- Group IVA e.g. tin metal
- Group IVB e.g.
- the electron donor will have an oxidation
- Group IA or IIA metals such as sodium, lithium, and calcium, especially sodium, have been preferred electron donors in work to date.
- the preferred process can be conducted in a wide range of solvents in which the reactants are soluble, including, for example, solvents ranging from xylene to liquid ammonia.
- Toluene has also proven a suitable solvent to date, and others, for instance, diglyme, protic solvents with acid, and the like will also be suitable as those skilled in the art will recognize and appreciate. As represented in the
- reaction can be conducted over a wide range of temperatures, for instance temperatures of about -80°C to about 200°C will be suitable. More preferred reactions conducted to date have occurred in aromatic
- solvents upon heating desirably at a temperature of at least 80°C, even more preferably in refluxing aromatic solvent, for example in refluxing aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzenes or alkylbenzenes, e.g. xylene (e.g. at about 135°C to 145°C), and toluene (e.g. at about 110°C).
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzenes or alkylbenzenes, e.g. xylene (e.g. at about 135°C to 145°C), and toluene (e.g. at about 110°C).
- benzenes or alkylbenzenes e.g. xylene (e.g. at about 135°C to 145°C)
- toluene e.g. at about 110°C.
- Favorable reactions have also been conducted in liquid ammonia without heating at temperatures of about minus 33°C.
- the reaction is preferably conducted under a dry inert atmosphere for safety reasons.
- the reaction can be conducted under a nitrogen atmosphere where appropriate.
- the product can be isolated and recovered using
- corresponding salts of the carbinols i.e. M + - OCArPyX where M + is a cation such as a metal ion provided by the electron donor, and Ar, Py and X are as defined above
- M + is a cation such as a metal ion provided by the electron donor, and Ar, Py and X are as defined above
- hydrolysis will not be necessary under conditions providing direct formation of carbinols, for example when acid, protic or aqueous conditions are employed in the reaction step.
- the carbinol product can then be filtered and washed with water and acetone and/or other suitable materials.
- cyanopyridine is preferably continued for at least about 15 minutes, more preferably at least about 30 minutes, and most preferably about 30 to 60 minutes.
- the cyanopyridine can then be added and reacting (e.g. under reflux) continued, advantageously for at least about another two hours, more preferably at least about three hours.
- the initial reacting can include some or all of the total amount of aldehyde or ketone and electron donor to be reacted. For example, in some processes, all of the aldehyde or ketone has been initially reacted, and then subsequently the cyanopyridine added (see e.g. Example 16).
- cyanopyridine and additional aldehyde or ketone can be added together or alternately.
- this procedure of initially reacting some or all of the aldehyde or ketone and electron donor prior to the addition of cyanopyridine preferred yields of carbinol product of at least about 75% have be obtained, and in highly preferred reactions yields of 90% or more have been achieved.
- the initial reacting and the addition of the cyanopyridine be in such a manner as to maximize the yield of desired carbinol product so as to obtain advantageous yields as stated above, which can be facilitated by adding the cyanopyridine gradually rather than all at once or quickly.
- cyanopyridine, ketone or aldehyde, and electron donor are all added to the solvent prior to bringing the resulting mixture to the reaction temperature.
- the 2- or 4-cyanopyridine is preferably added in slight stoichiometric excess to the ketone or aldehyde, e.g. preferably up to about 10% excess.
- the electron donor is preferably added in a stoichiometric ratio of about 1:1 or more relative to the ketone or aldehyde.
- ⁇ -Aryl pyridyl carbinol compounds produced as discussed above can be conventionally hydrogenated using well known techniques to form corresponding ⁇ -aryl piperidyl carbinol compounds.
- still another preferred feature of the invention relates to a such a hydrogenation process which is conducted in benzene or an alkylbenzene (i.e. having one or more alkyl groups attached to the benzene ring, e.g. mono-, di- or trialkylbenzenes) solvent, preferably a lower
- alkylbenzene e.g. wherein the alkyl group or groups are about C 1 to C 4 alkyl
- alkylbenzene such as a xylene or toluene
- the solvent employed in the hydrogenation can be the same as that employed in the preparation of the carbinol as discussed above.
- Supported palladium catalysts for example palladium on carbon or other similar catalysts that selectively
- Example 1 was repeated except 4-cyano ⁇ yridine was replaced by 2-cyanopyridine.
- 2-Pyridyl diphenyl carbinol was produced and recovered in 70% yield.
- Example 1 was repeated, replacing benzophenone with
- Example 1 was repeated, except replacing benzophenone with acetophenone, thus giving 4-pyridyl ⁇ -methylstyryl phenyl carbinol as product.
- ammonia means liquid ammonia
- Example 17 The procedure of Example 17 was repeated, except the solvent was changed from i-propanol/acetic acid to
- the recovered product was identified as 4-Pyridyl diphenyl carbinol.
- Example 17 The procedure of Example 17 was repeated except here acetic acid was replaced with aqueous acetic acid and the metal magnesium was replaced with aluminum. The mixture was refluxed for 5 h, cooled and neutralized with base to give the product 4-pyridyl diphenyl carbinol.
- Example 24 The procedure of Example 24 was repeated except manganese metal was used instead of chromium. Again, GC analysis showed the 4-pyridyl diphenyl carbinol product.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1019930703291A KR100214343B1 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1992-04-29 | Process for the preparation of alpha-pyridylcarbynol |
JP04511151A JP3114153B2 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1992-04-29 | Method for producing α-pyridyl carbinols |
EP92912347A EP0641322A1 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1992-04-29 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING $g(a)-PYRIDYL CARBINOLS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US69368791A | 1991-04-30 | 1991-04-30 | |
US693,687 | 1991-04-30 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992019596A2 true WO1992019596A2 (en) | 1992-11-12 |
WO1992019596A3 WO1992019596A3 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
Family
ID=24785688
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1992/003596 WO1992019596A2 (en) | 1991-04-30 | 1992-04-29 | PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING α-PYRIDYL CARBINOLS |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0641322A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3114153B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100214343B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU1975592A (en) |
IL (1) | IL101741A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992019596A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104003929A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-27 | 上海应用技术学院 | Method for synthesis of alpha,alpha-diphenyl-4-piperidine methanol |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100460319B1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2004-12-08 | 김기원 | A system calculating a premium for automobile insurance and managing service for car |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0228893A2 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-07-15 | A.H. ROBINS COMPANY, INCORPORATED (a Delaware corporation) | Arylalkyl-heterocyclic amines, n-substituted by aryloxyalkyl group in allergy treatment |
-
1992
- 1992-04-29 EP EP92912347A patent/EP0641322A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-04-29 AU AU19755/92A patent/AU1975592A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-04-29 JP JP04511151A patent/JP3114153B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-04-29 KR KR1019930703291A patent/KR100214343B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-29 WO PCT/US1992/003596 patent/WO1992019596A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-04-30 IL IL101741A patent/IL101741A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0228893A2 (en) * | 1985-12-20 | 1987-07-15 | A.H. ROBINS COMPANY, INCORPORATED (a Delaware corporation) | Arylalkyl-heterocyclic amines, n-substituted by aryloxyalkyl group in allergy treatment |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 115, no. 7, 19 August 1991, Columbus, Ohio, US; abstract no. 71411p, J. CAI ET AL. 'Preparation of 4-pyridinecarbinol derivatives.' page 776 ; * |
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE vol. 41, no. 7, 1986, OXFORD pages 1765 - 1770 R.A. RAJADHYAKSHA ET AL. 'Solvent effects in catalytic hydrogenation.' * |
JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY. vol. 27, no. 7, 1990, PROVO US pages 1903 - 1908 P. MCDEVITT ET AL 'The electron-transfer reactions of cyano-substituted pyridines and quinolines with thermally generated diphenyl ketyl.' cited in the application * |
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. vol. 26, 1961, EASTON US pages 4084 - 4088 F.J. MCCARTY ET AL. 'Central depressants. Phosphoramidates derived from alpha,alpha-disubstituted 4-piperidinemethanols' * |
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. vol. 97, no. 15, 1975, GASTON, PA US pages 4397 - 4398 B.M. VITTIMBERGA ET AL. 'Photoinitiated electron transfer-substituted reaction of diphenyl ketyl with protonated 4-cyanopyridine.' cited in the application * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104003929A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-27 | 上海应用技术学院 | Method for synthesis of alpha,alpha-diphenyl-4-piperidine methanol |
CN104003929B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2016-07-20 | 上海应用技术学院 | A kind of synthetic method of α, α-diphenyl-4-piperidine carbinols |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU1975592A (en) | 1992-12-21 |
IL101741A (en) | 1997-06-10 |
JPH06507400A (en) | 1994-08-25 |
JP3114153B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 |
KR100214343B1 (en) | 1999-08-02 |
IL101741A0 (en) | 1992-12-30 |
WO1992019596A3 (en) | 1993-04-29 |
EP0641322A1 (en) | 1995-03-08 |
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