WO1992016943A1 - Reader/writer - Google Patents
Reader/writer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992016943A1 WO1992016943A1 PCT/JP1992/000341 JP9200341W WO9216943A1 WO 1992016943 A1 WO1992016943 A1 WO 1992016943A1 JP 9200341 W JP9200341 W JP 9200341W WO 9216943 A1 WO9216943 A1 WO 9216943A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- magnetic card
- width
- area
- reader
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B19/00—Driving, starting, stopping record carriers not specifically of filamentary or web form, or of supports therefor; Control thereof; Control of operating function ; Driving both disc and head
- G11B19/02—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing
- G11B19/10—Control of operating function, e.g. switching from recording to reproducing by sensing presence or absence of record in accessible stored position or on turntable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K13/00—Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism
- G06K13/02—Conveying record carriers from one station to another, e.g. from stack to punching mechanism the record carrier having longitudinal dimension comparable with transverse dimension, e.g. punched card
- G06K13/06—Guiding cards; Checking correct operation of card-conveying mechanisms
- G06K13/063—Aligning cards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B25/00—Apparatus characterised by the shape of record carrier employed but not specific to the method of recording or reproducing, e.g. dictating apparatus; Combinations of such apparatus
- G11B25/04—Apparatus characterised by the shape of record carrier employed but not specific to the method of recording or reproducing, e.g. dictating apparatus; Combinations of such apparatus using flat record carriers, e.g. disc, card
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reader / writer device capable of reading and writing data from and to two types of magnetic cards having different width dimensions. Itoda
- a magnetic head In order to read / write data from / to a magnetic card having a band-shaped magnetic recording area for magnetically recording data, a magnetic head should be placed at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area when the magnetic card is inserted. A head must be installed. In order to accurately align the magnetic recording area of the magnetic card with the position of the magnetic head, the mounting table for mounting and transporting the magnetic card has a width that matches the width of the magnetic card. There is a need. Therefore, it is not possible to read and write data with a single reader / writer device for two types of magnetic cards having different width dimensions.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and a reader / writer device capable of reading and writing data with one unit for two types of magnetic cards having different widths is provided. It is intended to provide.
- the present invention provides a reader / writer device for reading and writing data on a magnetic card having a band-shaped magnetic recording area for magnetically recording data.
- the mounting table for mounting and transporting the magnetic card when reading and writing is adapted to the width of the specified magnetic card, which is wide in almost half the area on the insertion port side of the magnetic card.
- the width of the magnetic card is approximately half of the area on the back side, and the width of the predetermined magnetic card is smaller than the width of the area on the entrance side.
- a magnetic head for reading and writing data is provided at a corresponding position and a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area of the predetermined narrow magnetic card in the back side area, and is described above.
- Two types of magnetic cards with different widths are provided because sensors are provided at predetermined positions in the insertion slot side area of the mounting table and at predetermined positions in the back side area to detect the presence or absence of magnetic cards. This has the effect of being able to read and write data overnight with a single device.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a reader / writer device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the position of the magnetic card on the mounting table of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the position of the magnetic card on the mounting table of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a reader / writer device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view.
- the reader / writer device of the present embodiment mounts and transports the magnetic card 5 when reading and writing data.
- the width of the mounting table 1 is different between a region 1a on the entrance side of the magnetic force card 1a and a region 1b on the back side of the magnetic card 5 at a position substantially at the center in the transport direction of the magnetic card 5.
- the width of the mounting table is adapted to the widths of two types of magnetic forces 5 having different widths, and the width of the area 1a on the side of the insertion port is equal to the width of the magnetic forces 5 having a large width.
- the width of the area 1b on the far side is compatible with the magnetic card 5 having a small width.
- a support piece (not shown) is provided on a side portion to rise to a side on which the magnetic card 5 is placed.
- the magnetic card 5 when the magnetic card 5 having a large width is inserted into the reader / writer device, the magnetic card 5 is mounted on the mounting table 1 as shown in FIG. Stops at the position where the width of the support becomes narrow. On the other hand, when the sandwiched magnetic card 5 having the above width is inserted into the reader / writer, the magnetic card 5 does not catch on the supporting piece as shown in FIG. It is transported to the back.
- the type of the magnetic card 5 is half-IJ-cut by detecting the position of the magnetic card 5 by the sensors 3a, 3b, and 3c.
- the magnetic card 5 has a wide width and is located at the innermost position.
- Sensor When only 3c indicates the presence of the magnetic force card 5, the magnetic card 5 has a narrow width.
- a magnetic head 4a is provided in a region 1a on the entrance side of the mounting table 1 at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording region 5a of the magnetic force head 5 having a wide width.
- a magnetic head 4b is provided in the back side area 1b at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area 5b of the magnetic card 5 having a small width.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Recording Or Reproducing By Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Conveying Record Carriers (AREA)
Abstract
A reader/writer including a placing base (1) for placing magnetic cards on it and carrying them when reading/writing data. The placing base (1) has a half region (1a) provided on the insertion side whose width conforms with the width of a predetermined magnetic card, and has another half region (1b) on the back side, which is narrower than the region (1a) and whose width conforms the width of another predetermined type of magnetic card. Further, the placing base (1) has supporting pieces, which are erected to the side where the cards are placed, at the side edges of the placing base (1). Magnetic heads (4a, 4b) are provided at the positions corresponding to the magnetic recording regions of the magnetic cards, which conform with the regions (1a, 1b) respectively. Sensors for sensing the magnetic cards are provided at predetermined positions. Thereby, data recorded on the two kinds of magnetic cards different from each other in width can be read/written using only one unit.
Description
明 Light
リ 一 ダ ラ イ タ 装 置 Reader device
[技術分野 ] [Technical field ]
本発明は、 幅寸法が異なる 2 種類の磁気カー ド に対し てデータの読書き をする こ とができ る リ ーダーラ イ タ装 置に関する。 糸田 The present invention relates to a reader / writer device capable of reading and writing data from and to two types of magnetic cards having different width dimensions. Itoda
[背景技術 ] [Background Art]
磁気的にデータ を記録する帯状の磁気記録領域を有す る磁気カー ド に対してデータの読書き を行う には、 上記 磁気カー ドを揷入した際磁気記録領域に対応する位置に 磁気ヘ ッ ド を設置 し な ければな ら な い。 そ し て、 磁気 カー ドの磁気記録領域と磁気へ ッ ドの位置を正確に合わ せるため、 磁気カー ドを載置し搬送するための載置台は 磁気カー ドの幅に適合する幅を有する必要がある。 した がって、 幅寸法が異なる 2種類の磁気カー ド に対し、 単 一の リ 一ダ一ラ イ タ装置でデータの読書きをする こ と は でき ない。 In order to read / write data from / to a magnetic card having a band-shaped magnetic recording area for magnetically recording data, a magnetic head should be placed at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area when the magnetic card is inserted. A head must be installed. In order to accurately align the magnetic recording area of the magnetic card with the position of the magnetic head, the mounting table for mounting and transporting the magnetic card has a width that matches the width of the magnetic card. There is a need. Therefore, it is not possible to read and write data with a single reader / writer device for two types of magnetic cards having different width dimensions.
このため、 1 ケ所で幅寸法の異なる 2 種類の リ ーダー ラ イ タ装置を使用する必要が生じた場合、 従来は各磁気 カー ド に適合する リ ーダーラ イ タ装置を用意するカ 磁 気力一 ドの仕様を一方に統一して対応していた。 For this reason, if it is necessary to use two types of reader / writer units with different width dimensions at one location, conventionally, a reader / writer unit that is compatible with each magnetic card is prepared. The specifications were unified on one side and supported.
しかし ながら、 上述したよ う に 2種類の リ ーダ一ラ イ
夕装置を用意する場合、 リ ーダーライ タ装置を設置する のに広いスペースが必要とな り 、 また磁気カー ドを使用 する際いずれの リ ーダ一ライ タ装置に適合するか判断し なければならず、 誤って揷入するおそれもあった。 However, as mentioned above, two types of leader When preparing the evening equipment, a large space is required for installing the reader / writer device, and when using a magnetic card, it is necessary to judge which reader / writer device is suitable. There was also a risk of accidental purchase.
—方、 磁気カー ドの仕様を統一する場合、 一方の磁気 力一 ド利用 シス テム全体を他の仕様に切替えなければな ら ず極めて大がか り な手続を必要 と する と い う 欠点力 あった。 On the other hand, if the specifications of magnetic cards are unified, the disadvantage is that the entire system using one magnetic force must be switched to another specification, which requires extremely large procedures. there were.
本発明は上記の問題点を解決するためになされたもの であ り 、 幅寸法が異なる 2種類の磁気カー ドに対して 1 台でデータの読書きをする こ とができる リ ーダーライ タ 装置を提供する こ とを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problem, and a reader / writer device capable of reading and writing data with one unit for two types of magnetic cards having different widths is provided. It is intended to provide.
[発明の開示 ] . [Disclosure of the Invention].
上記の目的を達成するため、 本発明は、 磁気的にデー 夕を記録する帯状の磁気記録領域を備えた磁気カー ドに 対 しデータ の読書き を行う リ ーダーラ イ タ装置におい て、 データの読書きを行う際に上記磁気カー ドを載置し 搬送するための載置台が、 その磁気カー ドの挿入口側の 略半分の領域で幅が広い所定の磁気カー ドの幅に適合す る幅を有し、 かつ奧側の略半分の領域で上記揷入口側の 領域の幅よ り も狭い所定の磁気カー ドの幅に適合する幅 を有し 、 さ ら に側片部に磁気カー ドを載置する側へ立上 がる支持片を有してな り 、 上記載置台の揷入口側の領域 の う ち上記幅の広い所定の磁気カー ドの磁気記録領域に
対応する位置と 、 奥側の領域のう ち上記幅の狭い所定の 磁気カー ドの磁気記録領域に対応する位置と に各々 デー 夕の読書き を行う ための磁気へ ッ ドを設け、 上記載置台 の挿入口側の領域の所定の位置と 、 奧側の領域の所定の 位置と に磁気カ ー ドの有無を検出するセ ンサを設けてな るため、 幅寸法が異なる 2種類の磁気カー ド に対して 1 台でデ一夕の読書きをする こ とができ る と いう効果があ る。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a reader / writer device for reading and writing data on a magnetic card having a band-shaped magnetic recording area for magnetically recording data. The mounting table for mounting and transporting the magnetic card when reading and writing is adapted to the width of the specified magnetic card, which is wide in almost half the area on the insertion port side of the magnetic card. The width of the magnetic card is approximately half of the area on the back side, and the width of the predetermined magnetic card is smaller than the width of the area on the entrance side. A support piece that rises to the side on which the card is to be mounted, and is provided in the magnetic recording area of the above-described predetermined magnetic card in the area on the entrance side of the mounting table. A magnetic head for reading and writing data is provided at a corresponding position and a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area of the predetermined narrow magnetic card in the back side area, and is described above. Two types of magnetic cards with different widths are provided because sensors are provided at predetermined positions in the insertion slot side area of the mounting table and at predetermined positions in the back side area to detect the presence or absence of magnetic cards. This has the effect of being able to read and write data overnight with a single device.
[図面の簡単な説明 ] [Brief description of drawings]
第 1 図は、 本発明の一実施例に係る リ ーダ一ライ タ装 置の概略構成を示す平面図である。 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a reader / writer device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
第 2 図は、 第 1 図の横断面図である。 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
第 3 図は、 第 1 図の載置台上の磁気カー ドの位置を示 す平面図である。 FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the position of the magnetic card on the mounting table of FIG.
第 4 図は、 第 1 図の載置台上の磁気カー ドの位置を示 す平面図である。 FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the position of the magnetic card on the mounting table of FIG.
[発明を実施するための最良の形態 ] [Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention]
以下、 本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明す る。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第 1 図は本発明の一実施例に係る リ ーダーラ イ タ装置 の概略構成を示す平面図である。 ま た第 2 図はその横断 面図である。 FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a reader / writer device according to one embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view.
図示の よ う に、 本実施例の リ ー ダ一 ラ イ タ装置は、 データの読書き を行う 際に磁気カー ド 5 を載置し搬送す
る載置台 1 と 、 搬^ロ ーラ 2 と 、 磁気カ ー ド 5 が載置 台 1 の上の どの位置にあるかを検出する ためのセ ンサ 3 a , 3 b , 3 c と を備える。 As shown in the figure, the reader / writer device of the present embodiment mounts and transports the magnetic card 5 when reading and writing data. A mounting table 1, a transfer roller 2, and sensors 3 a, 3 b, and 3 c for detecting a position of the magnetic card 5 on the mounting table 1. .
載置台 1 は、 磁気カー ド 5 の搬送方向略中央の位置を 境に磁気力一 ドの揷入口側の領域 1 a と奥側の領域 1 b とで幅が異なっている。 かかる載置台の幅は幅寸法の異 なる 2種類の磁気力一 ド 5の幅に各々適合する ものであ り 、 挿入口側の領域 1 a の幅は幅寸法の広い磁気力 一 ド 5 に適合 し、 奧側の領域 1 bの幅は幅寸法の狭い磁気 カー ド 5 に適合する。 The width of the mounting table 1 is different between a region 1a on the entrance side of the magnetic force card 1a and a region 1b on the back side of the magnetic card 5 at a position substantially at the center in the transport direction of the magnetic card 5. The width of the mounting table is adapted to the widths of two types of magnetic forces 5 having different widths, and the width of the area 1a on the side of the insertion port is equal to the width of the magnetic forces 5 having a large width. The width of the area 1b on the far side is compatible with the magnetic card 5 having a small width.
また、 側辺部に磁気カー ド 5 を載置する側へ立上る支 持片 (図示せず) を有している。 In addition, a support piece (not shown) is provided on a side portion to rise to a side on which the magnetic card 5 is placed.
このよ う に構成したこ と によ り 、 上記幅寸法の広い磁 気カー ド 5 を リ ーダーライ タ装置に揷入した場合、 磁気 カー ド 5 は第 3 図に示すよ う に、 載置台 1 の幅が狭く な る位置で支持片に引掛かり停止する。 一方、 上記幅寸法 の挟い磁気カー ド 5 を リ ーダ一ライ 夕装置に挿入した場 合、 磁気カー ド 5 は第 4 図に示すよ う に支持片に引掛か る こ と な く 最奧部まで搬送される。 With this configuration, when the magnetic card 5 having a large width is inserted into the reader / writer device, the magnetic card 5 is mounted on the mounting table 1 as shown in FIG. Stops at the position where the width of the support becomes narrow. On the other hand, when the sandwiched magnetic card 5 having the above width is inserted into the reader / writer, the magnetic card 5 does not catch on the supporting piece as shown in FIG. It is transported to the back.
こ こ で、 磁気カ ー ド 5 の種類はセ ンサ 3 a , 3 b , 3 c によ り磁気カー ド 5 の位置を検出する こ と によ り半 IJ 断する。 即ち、 最も磁気カー ド挿入口よ り に位置するセ ンサ 3 aのみが磁気カー ド 5 の存在を示すと きは、 幅寸 法の広い磁気カー ド 5 であ り 、 最奧部に位置するセ ンサ
3 c のみが磁気力一 ド 5 の存在を示す と きは幅寸法の狭 い磁気カー ド 5 である。 Here, the type of the magnetic card 5 is half-IJ-cut by detecting the position of the magnetic card 5 by the sensors 3a, 3b, and 3c. In other words, when only the sensor 3a located farthest from the magnetic card insertion slot indicates the presence of the magnetic card 5, the magnetic card 5 has a wide width and is located at the innermost position. Sensor When only 3c indicates the presence of the magnetic force card 5, the magnetic card 5 has a narrow width.
ま た、 載置台 1 の揷入口側の領域 1 a には、 幅寸法の 広い磁気力一 ド 5 の磁気記録領域 5 a に対応する位置に 磁気ヘ ッ ド 4 a を設けてある。 更に、 奥側の領域 1 b に は、 幅寸法の狭い磁気カー ド 5 の磁気記録領域 5 b に対 応する位置に磁気へ ッ ド 4 b を設けてある。 これによ つ て、 幅寸法の広い磁気カ ー ド 5 に対 し て も 、 狭い磁気 カ ー ド 5 に対 し て も デー タ の読書 き を行える こ と な る。
Further, a magnetic head 4a is provided in a region 1a on the entrance side of the mounting table 1 at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording region 5a of the magnetic force head 5 having a wide width. Further, a magnetic head 4b is provided in the back side area 1b at a position corresponding to the magnetic recording area 5b of the magnetic card 5 having a small width. As a result, data can be read with respect to the magnetic card 5 having a wide width and the magnetic card 5 having a small width.
Claims
( 1 ) 磁気的にデータを記録する帯状の磁気記録領域を 備えた磁気カー ド に対しデ一夕の読書きを行う リ ーダ一 ライ タ装置においてミ α生冃、 (1) A reader / writer device that reads / writes data from / to a magnetic card having a band-shaped magnetic recording area for magnetically recording data,
データの読書き を行う際に上記磁気カー ドを載置し搬 送するための載置台が、 その磁気カー ドの揷入口側の略 半分の領域で幅が広い所定の磁気カー ドの幅に適合する 幅を有し 、 かつ奥側の略半分の領域で上記揷入口側の領 域の幅よ り も狭い所定の磁気カー ドの幅に適合する幅を 有し、 さ らに側片部に磁気カー ドを載置する側へ立上が る支持片を有してな り 、 The mounting table for mounting and transporting the magnetic card when reading and writing data has the width of a predetermined magnetic card that is wide in almost half the area on the entrance side of the magnetic card. It has a width that matches the width of the specified magnetic card, which is narrower than the width of the area on the inlet side in an area that is approximately half of the depth on the back side, and has a side piece. A support piece that rises to the side on which the magnetic card is placed,
上記載置台の挿入口側の領域のう ち上記幅の広い所定 の磁気カー ドの磁気記録領域に対応する位置と、 奧側の 領域のう ち上記幅の狭い所定の磁気カー ドの磁気記録領 域に対応する位置と に各々データの読書きを行う ための 磁気へッ ドを設け、 A position corresponding to the magnetic recording area of the above-mentioned predetermined magnetic card in the insertion slot side area of the mounting table, and a magnetic recording of the above-described narrow magnetic card in the rear area. Magnetic heads for reading and writing data are provided at positions corresponding to the areas, respectively.
上記載置台の揷入口側の領域の所定の位置と 、 奥側の 領域の所定の位置と に磁気カー ドの有無を検出するセ ン サを設けたこ と を特徴と する リ ーダーライ 夕装置。
A reader / writer apparatus characterized in that a sensor for detecting the presence or absence of a magnetic card is provided at a predetermined position in a region on the entrance side of the mounting table and a predetermined position in a region on the back side.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP8204291A JPH04291055A (en) | 1991-03-20 | 1991-03-20 | Reader/writer device |
JP3/82042 | 1991-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992016943A1 true WO1992016943A1 (en) | 1992-10-01 |
Family
ID=13763466
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP1992/000341 WO1992016943A1 (en) | 1991-03-20 | 1992-03-19 | Reader/writer |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH04291055A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992016943A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003030589A (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2003-01-31 | Mars Engineering Corp | Card reader/writer |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6028993Y2 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1985-09-03 | オムロン株式会社 | Sheet reading device |
JPS63244368A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-11 | Anritsu Corp | Card reader |
-
1991
- 1991-03-20 JP JP8204291A patent/JPH04291055A/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 WO PCT/JP1992/000341 patent/WO1992016943A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6028993Y2 (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1985-09-03 | オムロン株式会社 | Sheet reading device |
JPS63244368A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-10-11 | Anritsu Corp | Card reader |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH04291055A (en) | 1992-10-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP3776356B2 (en) | Optical connector with memory function | |
US7334734B2 (en) | Non-contact IC module | |
JPH09245131A (en) | Recording medium holder, recording medium processor and card-type recording medium carrying method | |
US20090127341A1 (en) | Bar-code reading tool | |
WO1992016943A1 (en) | Reader/writer | |
US7334733B2 (en) | Data access device using rotational head to access data stored in data strips and data arc segments or data circles | |
US6271985B1 (en) | Flanged cover for a low profile magnetic disk apparatus | |
JP2639472B2 (en) | Information processing device | |
US6934098B2 (en) | Data card with a full circular track for alignment and amplitude calibration | |
JPH0238650U (en) | ||
JPH0668605A (en) | Magnetic card | |
JP2821432B2 (en) | X address serial flag type library device | |
JP3962307B2 (en) | Booklet handling equipment | |
JP2006105832A (en) | Metal position detector | |
JPH04293193A (en) | Printing type magnetic card and reader/writer device | |
JPH035961Y2 (en) | ||
JP3190903B2 (en) | Positioning method of collective magnetic tape device and collective magnetic tape device | |
JPH06318363A (en) | Magnetic card reading and writing device | |
JPH04265579A (en) | Reader/writer device and data reading system | |
JPH04151296A (en) | Forgery prevention system of prepaid card | |
JPH0554501A (en) | Reader/writer device | |
JPH04247351A (en) | Bar code reader for recording and reproducing device | |
JPH05330283A (en) | Information card, information card processor and information read/write method | |
JPH07262532A (en) | Magnetic head | |
JP2003257129A (en) | Card and reader therefor |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KR US |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LU MC NL SE |