WO1992012233A1 - Transfert d'echantillons biologiques - Google Patents

Transfert d'echantillons biologiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992012233A1
WO1992012233A1 PCT/GB1991/002319 GB9102319W WO9212233A1 WO 1992012233 A1 WO1992012233 A1 WO 1992012233A1 GB 9102319 W GB9102319 W GB 9102319W WO 9212233 A1 WO9212233 A1 WO 9212233A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receptacle
head
plate
needles
samples
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1991/002319
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Stubbings
Peter Jones
Andrew Robert Watson
Frank Mallet
Christoper Charles Bond
Original Assignee
Medical Research Council
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Medical Research Council filed Critical Medical Research Council
Priority to JP4501753A priority Critical patent/JPH06504369A/ja
Publication of WO1992012233A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992012233A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/10—Devices for transferring samples or any liquids to, in, or from, the analysis apparatus, e.g. suction devices, injection devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/48—Holding appliances; Racks; Supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/04—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles
    • C12M33/06—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus by injection or suction, e.g. using pipettes, syringes, needles for multiple inoculation or multiple collection of samples

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the transfer of biological samples, for example the transfer of cell colonies from a petri plate to the individual wells of a microtitre plate.
  • the invention was devised to provide an automatic colony picker apparatus and method for use in scientific research.
  • the process that must be carried out is the transference of cells from each of the colonies on a 90mm diameter petri plate (or dish) to the individual wells on a microtitre plate.
  • the colonies can be as small as 0.5mm, as large as 3mm maximum dimension and grow in a random way with 50-1000 colonies per petri dish.
  • the wells on the. microtitre plate are organised in a 12 x 8 grid, with the centres 9mm apart.
  • the procedure of transferring the colonies from the petri dish to the microtitre plate is currently done manually. Extreme concentration is required when picking the colonies as they are small and can be difficult to see.
  • the microtitre plates are first unpackaged from the sterile plastic wrapping. This can be done in a non- sterile environment so long as the lids are left on the plates. Each plate is labelled using an indelible marker, writing on both the base and the lid of each of the petri dishes and microtitre plates. A written record is also kept for each of the microtitre well plates, detailing from which petri dish the colonies in each well came. The plates are then transferred to a flow hood where the plates can be opened without fear of cross-contamination or external contamination. The microtitre wells are then filled with a growing medium using a filler that accurately dispenses an amount of liquid into each well.
  • This task is mentally fatiguing and there is an upper limit of around 1500 picks per day.
  • the operation must be carried out under a flow hood to ensure that the wells are not contaminated from the environment.
  • the known picking procedure introduces a considerable bottleneck into the DNA sequencing and mapping processes. It is difficult to recruit staff to carry out the tedious job, which leads to the situation where the scientists who require the picking to be done must do it themselves.
  • the process aims to isolate a particular gene and is probablistic, ie the more picks that are done the greater the probability of isolating the required gene.
  • a typical experiment may involve up to 50,000 picks so a considerable amount of time must be spent picking.
  • scientists are therefore faced with doing this picking or not doing the experiment at all. In other words the picking process acts as a considerable disincentive to carry out many experiments.
  • apparatus for transferring biological samples from a first receptacle to a second receptacle comprises a head carrying a plurality of projecting needles, support means for supporting the receptacles, first means for moving the head between a plurality of positions in each of which a corresponding one of the needles is presented in an operative position, second means for effecting relative movement between the head and the support means to bring the head either into a collecting position, in which the head is placed in operative relationship with the first receptacle, or a depositing position 'in which the head is placed in operative relationship with the second receptacle, and third means for:
  • the first and third means being operated alternately in sequence to load the needles with respective samples, the second means then being operated and the first and third means then being operated alternately in sequence to deposit the loaded samples in the second receptacle.
  • the first means effect rotary indexing movement of the head, and the needles project radially of the axis of rotation of the head.
  • the head may be positioned above the support means with each needle when in the operative position projecting downwardly, with the third means effecting vertical reciprocating movement of the head.
  • the second means provide for sliding movement of both the head and the support means in mutually perpendicular directions which may both be orthogonal to the direction of reciprocation of the head.
  • a sterilising station is preferably provided for sterilising the needles before collection of the samples, the sterilising station conveniently including a bath of an organic compound such as ethanol, together with particles or beads to provide an abrasive cleaning action on the needles as the latter are spun in the sterilising bath.
  • the sterilising station may have an ultrasound generator to clean and sterilise the needles.
  • a method of transferring biological samples from a first receptacle to a second receptacle comprising using a head having a plurality of projecting needles which are brought into use successively to pick up samples from the first receptacle, effecting relative movement between the head and the receptacles and then successively depositing individual samples from the respective needles into the second receptacle.
  • Figure 1 is a front perspective view of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2,
  • Figure 4 is a sequence of views illustrating how the apparatus removes plates from a carousel
  • Figure 5 illustrates how a plate is accurately located
  • Figure 7 is a plan view illustrating how the apparatus divides the area of a petri plate into six frames to aid resolution by a viewing system.
  • the apparatus is surrounded by an outer casing 10 a portion of which has a closable hinged door 12.
  • a sterile air flow passes upwardly through the casing 10 in the general direction of the arrow 14, and this flow is filtered to remove toxic constituents.
  • the apparatus includes two carousels 16, 18 between which is located plate handling equipment generally indicated at 20.
  • the carousel 16 serves as an input carousel and accommodates petri plates and the carousel 18 serves as an output carousel for accommodating microtitre well plates.
  • the plate handling equipment is capable of withdrawing a selected petri plate from the input carousel 16 and a selected microtitre plate from the output carousel, and shifting the selected petri plate and microtitre plate to a position beneath a picker head assembly 22 and a CCD camera 24.
  • the picker head assembly is capable of transferring colonies from the petri plate to the individual wells of the microtitre plate.
  • the plate handling equipment 20 includes a transverse plate 48 mounted for vertical shifting movement in guides 50.
  • the plate 48 carries two horizontal slides 52, 54 from which project arms 56, 58 carrying respective suction plates 60, 62.
  • the equipment 20 also includes a plate holder 64 capable of shifting movement fore and aft on a horizontal slide 66, under the control of a linear electric motor one component of which is shown at 67.
  • the holder 64 In its forward plate- accessing position ( Figure 2), the holder 64 is adjacent the carousels 16, 18 for plate removal and replacement, and in its rearward colony-transfer position ( Figure 3) , the holder 64 supports a selected petri plate and a selected microtitre plate beneath the picker head and camera, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the picker head assembly 22 is capable of horizontal adjusting movement on a horizontal fixed slide 68 which also supports the camera 24 for sliding movement.
  • the picker assembly 22 and the camera 24 are movable together along the slide 68, under the control of a linear electric motor one component of which is shown at 69.
  • the picker head assembly 22 comprises a picker head 70 carrying six equiangularly spaced needles 72, a stepper motor being provided to rotate the head 70 about a horizontal axis so as to bring each needle 72 successively into an operative position in which the needle projects vertically downwardly.
  • a further motor 74 drives a disc crank 76 and connecting rod 78 which have the effect of reciprocating the picker head 70 vertically in a direction orthogonal to both the direction of sliding movement of the picker head 22 and camera 24 along the slide 68, and the direction of sliding movement of the holder 64 along the slide 66.
  • Figure 4 shows how the plate handling equipment removes a selected petri plate 30 from the input carousel 16.
  • the suction plate 60 is shown in its withdrawn position.
  • the arm 56 is then driven along the slide 52 to insert the suction plate 60 into the selected recess in the input carousel.
  • the application of suction to the plate 60 then causes the suction plate 60 to grip the lid of the selected petri plate 30 ( Figure 4b) so that withdrawal of the arm along the slide 52 causes the selected petri plate to be removed from the carousel ( Figure 4c) and dragged onto the holder 64 which is in its foremost position.
  • the locations of colonies in the petri plate are identified by the camera 24.
  • the area of the petri plate is sub-divided into six frames, marked 1 to 6 in Figure 7, the camera viewing the frames separately and sequentially. This is done by controlled shifting of the holder 64 along the guide 66 and shifting of the camera 24 along the guide 68.
  • the images of the frame are processed by a controlling computer which computes the coordinates of the colonies. This information is used to drive the holder 64 (along the guide 66) and the picker head assembly (along the guide 68) until the picker head assembly is accurately located over the colony, ready for the latter to be picked by the operative needle of the picker head.
  • the petri plates are illuminated by means of a light source 84 ( Figures 1 and 2) which is positioned beneath the holder and horizontally offset therefrom.
  • the holder 64 has a rectangular cut-out to allow light to reach the petri plate 30.
  • the illuminating light is directed obliquely upwards towards the petri plate 30.
  • Light striking the colonies is reflected thereby, so that the camera 24 sees the colonies as light areas against a dark background.
  • the oblique direction of the illuminating light improves contrast for certain types of plate, eg phage plates.
  • illumination is provided by a light source positioned above the holder. These two light sources are independently controlled.
  • a sterilising bath 86 ( Figures 1 and 2) is provided to sterilise the picker needles 72.
  • the bath contains 70% ethanol and glass beads 0.5mm diameter.
  • the picker head is moved so that the needles dip into the sterilising bath 86.
  • the head 70 is then rotated to clean the needles 72, the beads providing an abrading action.
  • the picker head 70 is then ready to pick up six more colonies from the petri plate.
  • Figure 6 shows how an identification code 88 on the side of the petri plate is viewed by the camera with the aid of a mirror 90, so that the identification of the selected petri plate can be fed into the controlling computer software.
  • a similar arrangement can be used to enter the identity of the microtitre plate into the software.
  • the apparatus functions in the following manner.
  • the input carousel 16 is loaded with petri plates, each having colonies suspended in agar gel. These colonies can be as small as 0.5mm.
  • the colonies are transferred from the random order of the agar gel into a defined grid in the wells of the microtitre plates so that the colonies can grow and further analysing may be carried out.
  • the microtitre plates (at this stage empty) are loaded into the output carousel 18.
  • the rotational drive and axial shifting movement that can be applied to each carousel means that a selected petri plate and a selected microtitre plate can be brought into register with the plate handling equipment 20, and the selected plate removed from the carousel as necessary.
  • the selected petri plate is removed from the input carousel 16, as described with reference to Figure 4, and the selected microtitre plate is similarly removed from the output carousel 18.
  • the holder 64 With the lids of both petri plate and microtitre plate removed (as in Figure 4d) , the holder 64 is shifted rearwardly to carry the selected petri plate and microtitre plate to the picking station, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the individual wells of the microtitre plate are filled with appropriate medium, by means of a filler 92 shown Figures 1 and 2.
  • the filler has an eight-way manifold and delivers liquid medium to eight microtitre wells at a time. The amount of liquid delivered is controlled by a pinch valve which controls the flow of the pressurised liquid. Sensors indicate when either the pressure drops or the liquid level is too low.
  • the light source 84 is energised to illuminate the petri plate with the obliquely directed light, and the six divisions or frames of the petri plate are viewed successively by the camera 24, as a result of controlled shifting of the holder 64 and camera 24, as described with reference to Figure 7.
  • the locations of the colonies in the agar medium are thus determined. These locations are typically in the form of xy coordinates and this information is used by the controlling computer to move the picker head assembly 22 along the slide 68 and the holder 64 along the slide 66 to position the picker head assembly in a collecting position, with the downwardly projecting needle 72 immediately over the location of the first colony to be picked.
  • Energisation of the stepper motor then causes the picker head 70 to undergo a vertical reciprocating movement.
  • the stepper motor is energised to rotate the head 70 through 60° to bring the next needle into an operative downwardly facing position. Movement of the picker head assembly 22 and holder 64 as necessary brings the new needle 72 into position above the next colony to be picked. Energisation of the motor then causes the new needle to pick up the located colony, and this process continues until all six needles are loaded with respective colonies.
  • the colonies are then deposited in the individual wells of the microtitre plate 40. This is done by shifting (as necessary) the picker head assembly 22 and holder 64 to bring the picker head into a depositing position, with one of the loaded needles above the first well of the microtitre plate. Energisation of the motor lowers the loaded needle into the microtitre well so as to deposit the colony into the medium in the well, and the needle is then raised. Rotation of the head 70 to present a fresh loaded needle, and shifting of the picker head assembly 22 and holder 64 as necessary, are then carried out to deposit the second colony, this process continuing until all six colonies have been deposited in the respective six wells of the microtitre plate.
  • the picker head assembly is then shifted to the sterilising bath 86. Rotation of the head, whilst the needles 72 dip into the ethanol solution in the bath, clean the needles 72 ready for picking of a fresh set of six colonies from the petri plate 30.
  • the holder 64 shifts to the forward position, the lid is replaced on the petri plate (or microtitre plate), the spent petri plate (or the fully charged microtitre plate) is replaced in the corresponding carousel, and a fresh petri plate (or microtitre plate) is removed from the carousel.
  • the controlling computer governs all movements of the parts and the application of suction to the suction plates 60, 62.
  • the imaging system of which the camera 24 forms part, is capable of distinguishing colonies from background and is able to discriminate between three different colony types, namely yeast colonies which are white, bacterial colonies which are either blue or white or phage plaques which are either blue or clear. Only one type of colouring will be present in any one petri plate.
  • the described apparatus is capable of picking and transferring colonies reliably, automatically and quickly.
  • the head carries a plurality of vertical needles which are horizontally spaced and each of which has its own solenoid which can be energised to move the particular needle to its extended position.
  • the plate handling means may employ a simple mechanical hook to engage behind the plates in order to move the latter. It is also possible to have a single carousel, accommodating both petri plates and microtitre plates, instead of the described pair of carousels.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil servant à transférer des prélèvements biologiques répartis d'une façon aléatoire sur une plaque de Petri (30), vers les puits individuels d'une plaque de microtitrage (40) et comprenant un ensemble tête de prélèvement à déplacement vertical (22) comportant six aiguilles espacées à un angle égal (72), amenées successivement en position opérationnelle, c'est à dire en saillie, vers le bas. La plaque de Petri (30) et la plaque de microtitrage (40) sont montées sur un support (64) coulissant horizontalement et perpendiculairement au sens de coulissement de la tête de prélèvement (22). Une aiguille opérationnelle (72) de la tête de prélèvement (22) se place au-dessus d'un échantillon biologique repéré sur la plaque de Pétri (30); la tête de prélèvement se déplace vers le bas afin que l'aiguille prélève l'échantillon biologique repéré et la tête de prélèvement se relève; la tête de prélèvement et la plateforme se déplacent horizontalement afin de placer ladite tête au-dessus d'un puits présélectioné de la plaque de microtitrage et la tête effectue un déplacement vers le bas pour déposer l'échantillon biologique dans le puits de la plaque de microtitrage (40).
PCT/GB1991/002319 1991-01-11 1991-12-24 Transfert d'echantillons biologiques WO1992012233A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4501753A JPH06504369A (ja) 1991-01-11 1991-12-24 生物サンプルの移動

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919100623A GB9100623D0 (en) 1991-01-11 1991-01-11 Transfer of biological samples
GB9100623.9 1991-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992012233A1 true WO1992012233A1 (fr) 1992-07-23

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ID=10688300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1991/002319 WO1992012233A1 (fr) 1991-01-11 1991-12-24 Transfert d'echantillons biologiques

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0566602A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06504369A (fr)
GB (1) GB9100623D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992012233A1 (fr)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005770A1 (fr) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-17 Iul, S.A. Chambre de contraste pour eclairer avec effet des colonies bacteriennes par rapport a leur milieu de culture
US6133020A (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-10-17 Pitzurra; Ovidio Apparatus for determining the number of microorganisms in the air and a method of operating said apparatus
WO2001057538A1 (fr) * 2000-02-01 2001-08-09 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Procede et appareil pour convoyer par navette des plaques de microtitration
US6325114B1 (en) 2000-02-01 2001-12-04 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Pipetting station apparatus
EP1165744A1 (fr) * 1999-03-12 2002-01-02 Biolog, Inc. Dispositif d'incubation et de surveillance de dosages dans des puits multiples
WO2002014877A2 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Unite de recuperation de microreseaux
WO2002046354A2 (fr) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Mise en images et collecte automatisees de colonies microbiennes sur des dispositifs de culture de couches minces
WO2004025305A1 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Biotec Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'alimentation et de stockage de plaques a puits
EP1502649A1 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-02 Genetix Limited Appareil et procedé de saisie des populations de cellules animales
WO2006044424A2 (fr) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Procede et dispositif d'isolement automatique d'especes microbiennes
US7298885B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2007-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Biological growth plate scanner with automated image processing profile selection
US7310147B2 (en) 2005-01-27 2007-12-18 Genetix Limited Robotic apparatus for picking of cells and other applications with integrated spectroscopic capability
US7319031B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2008-01-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Mounting platform for biological growth plate scanner
US7351574B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2008-04-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Loading and ejection systems for biological growth plate scanner
US7384387B1 (en) 1999-02-11 2008-06-10 Maxygen, Inc. High throughput mass spectrometry
US7496225B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2009-02-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Biological growth plate scanner with automated intake
US7738689B2 (en) 2003-09-05 2010-06-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Counting biological agents on biological growth plates
US20110151501A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2011-06-23 Bolea Phillip A Modular system and method for detecting microorganisms
EP2591085A1 (fr) * 2010-07-08 2013-05-15 Biomérieux Procede de prelevement et/ou depôt d'un echantillon de matiere biologique et dispositif mettant en oeuvre un tel procede
US9933446B2 (en) 2008-03-04 2018-04-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Processing of biological growth media based on measured manufacturing characteristics
CN108441417A (zh) * 2018-05-31 2018-08-24 深圳先进技术研究院 细菌菌落挑取仪
CN108603159A (zh) * 2015-11-20 2018-09-28 财团法人卫生研究院 转移标的粒子的装置及其方法
CN108641903A (zh) * 2018-06-12 2018-10-12 深圳先进技术研究院 自动菌落挑选仪
EP4108760A4 (fr) * 2020-02-19 2023-11-01 Toppan Inc. Procédé de prétraitement de transplantation de cellules, dispositif de prétraitement de transplantation cellulaire et unité de prétraitement de transplantation cellulaire

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JP3582390B2 (ja) * 1999-01-13 2004-10-27 松下電器産業株式会社 微細物体の自動探索装置
FR3062133B1 (fr) * 2017-01-23 2022-06-17 Interscience Procede et appareil de comptage de colonies
EP3610271A4 (fr) * 2017-04-12 2021-04-14 General Automation LAB Technologies Inc. Appareil et procédé pour prélever un échantillon biologique

Citations (3)

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FR2527221A1 (fr) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-25 Hitachi Ltd Appareil automatique pour le transfert de colonies bacteriennes
WO1987005323A1 (fr) * 1986-03-01 1987-09-11 The University Of Manchester Institute Of Science Echantillonnage de materiaux
EP0292995A2 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1988-11-30 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Appareil pour le transfert de cellules

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2527221A1 (fr) * 1982-05-20 1983-11-25 Hitachi Ltd Appareil automatique pour le transfert de colonies bacteriennes
WO1987005323A1 (fr) * 1986-03-01 1987-09-11 The University Of Manchester Institute Of Science Echantillonnage de materiaux
EP0292995A2 (fr) * 1987-05-29 1988-11-30 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Appareil pour le transfert de cellules

Cited By (48)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994005770A1 (fr) * 1992-08-27 1994-03-17 Iul, S.A. Chambre de contraste pour eclairer avec effet des colonies bacteriennes par rapport a leur milieu de culture
US5545561A (en) * 1992-08-27 1996-08-13 Iul, S.A. Contrast chamber for spotlighting bacterial colonies with respect to the culture medium thereof
US6133020A (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-10-17 Pitzurra; Ovidio Apparatus for determining the number of microorganisms in the air and a method of operating said apparatus
US7384387B1 (en) 1999-02-11 2008-06-10 Maxygen, Inc. High throughput mass spectrometry
EP1165744A1 (fr) * 1999-03-12 2002-01-02 Biolog, Inc. Dispositif d'incubation et de surveillance de dosages dans des puits multiples
EP1165744A4 (fr) * 1999-03-12 2006-12-13 Biolog Inc Dispositif d'incubation et de surveillance de dosages dans des puits multiples
US6739448B1 (en) 2000-02-01 2004-05-25 Incyte Corporation Method and apparatus for shuttling microtitre plates
WO2001057538A1 (fr) * 2000-02-01 2001-08-09 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Procede et appareil pour convoyer par navette des plaques de microtitration
US6325114B1 (en) 2000-02-01 2001-12-04 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Pipetting station apparatus
WO2002014877A2 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Unite de recuperation de microreseaux
WO2002013968A2 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2002-02-21 Incyte Genomics, Inc. Unite de pose pour un jeu ordonne de microdepots
WO2002014877A3 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2003-01-03 Incyte Genomics Inc Unite de recuperation de microreseaux
WO2002013968A3 (fr) * 2000-08-11 2003-01-16 Incyte Genomics Inc Unite de pose pour un jeu ordonne de microdepots
WO2002046354A3 (fr) * 2000-12-08 2004-01-08 3M Innovative Properties Co Mise en images et collecte automatisees de colonies microbiennes sur des dispositifs de culture de couches minces
WO2002046354A2 (fr) * 2000-12-08 2002-06-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Mise en images et collecte automatisees de colonies microbiennes sur des dispositifs de culture de couches minces
WO2004025305A1 (fr) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Biotec Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'alimentation et de stockage de plaques a puits
US7901933B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2011-03-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Methods of processing a biological growth plate in a biological growth plate scanner
US7319031B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2008-01-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Mounting platform for biological growth plate scanner
US7298885B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2007-11-20 3M Innovative Properties Company Biological growth plate scanner with automated image processing profile selection
US7351574B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2008-04-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Loading and ejection systems for biological growth plate scanner
EP1882523A3 (fr) * 2003-08-01 2008-07-16 Genetix Limited Sélection de colonie de cellules animales et procédé de capture
US8293520B2 (en) 2003-08-01 2012-10-23 Molecular Devices (New Milton) Limited Animal cell colony picking apparatus and method
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JPH06504369A (ja) 1994-05-19
EP0566602A1 (fr) 1993-10-27
GB9100623D0 (en) 1991-02-27

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