WO1992007837A1 - Heterocyclic dione derivatives as pesticides and plant growth regulators - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention concerns substituted 3,5-dioxo-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrooxazines as herbicides, processes and intermediates for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as herbicides and acaricides.

Description

HETEROCYCLIC DIONE DERIVATIVES AS PESTICIDES AND

PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS

The present invention concerns substituted 3,5-dioxo-3,4,5,6- tetrahydrooxazines as herbicides, processes and intermediates for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as herbicides and acaricides.

USP 4,695,673 describes a wide range of acylated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and their use as herbicides but makes no reference to or suggestion of the 3,5-dioxotetrahydrooxazine ring characterizing the compounds of the present invention.

More particularly, the invention concerns compounds of formula I

wherein,

each of R₁, R₂ and R₃ is independently hydrogen, C_1-8alkyl, carboxyl,

C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three groups as R, or R₁ and R₂ together form a C_3-6alkylene bridge

R₄ is hydrogen, C_1-8alkyl, C_1-8alkylcarbonyl, C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, -

C(O)NR₇R₈, C_1-8alkylsulphonyl, P(O)-(OR₉)₂, R₇P(O)-OR₉, benzoyl or a cation.

R is C_1-8alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms, C_1-8- alkoxy optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms, C_1-8alkyl- carbonyl, C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, NR₇R₈, O_nS(O)_n,R₁₀, NR₇SO₂R₈, halogen, cyano or nitro.

R₅ is C_1-8alkoxy substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms;

R₆ is hydrogen or selected from the meanings given for R;

each of R₇ and R₈ is independently hydrogen or C_1-8alkyl;

R₉ is C_1-8alkyl;

R₁₀ is C_1-8alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms;

n is 0 or 1;

n' is 0, 1 or 2;

provided that when R₁, R₂ and R₃ are methyl, R₄ and R₆ are hydrogen and R is nitro, R₅ is not difluoromethoxy.

In the above definitions, halogen is conveniently selected from chloro, bromo and fluoro, C_1-8alkyl moieties, preferably have 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Each of R₁, R₂ and R₃ is preferably hydrogen, C_1-4alkyl especially hydrogen or C_1-3alkyl.

R conveniently signifies C_1-4alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, -(O)_n-S(O)_n,-C_1-4alkyl, halogen or nitro. It is preferably methyl, CF₃, C_1-3alkylsulfonyl, C_1-3alkylsulfonyloxy, chloro, bromo or nitro.

R₅ is preferably fluoroalkoxy, more preferably OCF₃.

R₆ is preferably hydrogen, C_1-4alkyl, C_1-4alkoxy, bromo, chloro; it is more preferably hydrogen, methoxy or chloro.

R₄ is conveniently hydrogen, C_1-4alkyl, C_4-8alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, C_1-4alkylsulfonyl or a cation. It is preferably hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, t-butylcarbonyl, isobutylcarbonyl, benzoyl or methylsulfonyl. As a cation R₄ is preferably an alkali metal such as Na⁺, K⁺, Li⁺ or an ammonium cation.

Examples of particularly preferred substituents are for R₁ and R₂ each = a) H, C_1-4alkyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three groups as R

b) H, C_1-4alkyl phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three groups as R

c) H, C_1-3alkyl

d) H, CH₃

e) C_1-3alkyl

R₃ = a) C_1-8alkyl

b) C_1-4alkyl

c) CH₃, C₂H₅

R₄ = H

R = a) NO₂, Cl, CF₃

b) NO₂, Cl

c) NO₂

R₅ = OCF₃

R₆ = H

Combinations of these substituent meanings are especially preferred.

A particularly preferred single compound is 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(4-tri- fluoromethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl)-2H-1,2-oxazine-3,5-(4H,6H)-dione.

The compounds of the present invention of formula I are new substances which can be prepared by methods analogous to methods known in the art, such as those described in European Patent Application EP 186,117 and references cited therein. More particularly, they can be obtained by, for example: rearranging an enol ester of formula (II)

II

wherein R_1, R₂, R₃, R, R₅ and R₆ are as previously defined to give a compound of formula I wherein R₄ = H.

This rearrangement is conveniently effected by reacting the compound of formula II with a cyanide source and a moderate base.

For example, the reaction may be carried out in the presence of a catalytic amount of a source of cyanide anion and/or hydrogen cyanide, together with a molar excess, with respect to the enol ester, of a moderate base. The reaction is conveniently carried out in a solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions, e.g. 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, aceto- nitrile, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide (DMF) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). In general, depending on the nature of the reactants and the cyanide source, the rearrangement may be conducted at temperatures up t: about 80°C. In some cases, for instance when there is a possible problem of excessive by-product formation, the temperatures should be kept at about 40ºC maximum.

Preferred cyanide sources are alkali metal cyanides such as sodium and potassium cyanide; cyanohydrins of methyl alkyl ketones having from 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl groups, such as acetone or methyl isobutyl ketone cyanohydrins; cyanohydrins of benzaldehyde or of C₂-C₅ aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, etc., cyanohydrins; zinc cyanide; tri(lower alkyl) silyl cyanides, notably trimethyl silyl cyanide; and hydrogen cyanide itself. Among cyanohydrins the preferred cyanide source is acetone cyanohydrin. The cyanide source is used in an amount up to about 50 mole percent based on the enol ester. Generally about 1-10 mole % of the cyanide source is preferred.

By the term "moderate base" is meant a substance which acts as a base yet whose strength or activity as a base lies between that of strong bases such as hydroxides (which could cause hydrolysis of the enol ester) and that of weak bases such as bicarbonates (which would not function effectively). Moderate bases suitable for use in this reaction include both organic bases such as tertiary amines and inorganic bases such as alkali metal carbonates and phosphates. Suitable tertiary amines include trialkylamines such as triethylamine, trialkanolamines such as triethanol- amine, and pyridine. Suitable inorganic bases include potassium carbonate and trisodium phosphate. The base is used in an amount of from about 1 to about 4 moles per mole of enol ester, preferably about 1.3-2 moles per mole.

When the cyanide source is an alkali metal cyanide, particularly potassium cyanide, a phase transfer catalyst may be included in the reaction. Particularly suitable phase transfer catalysts are the Crown ethers.

Compounds of formula I where R₄ is other than hydrogen can be prepared by reacting a compound of formula I wherein R₄ is hydrogen with either

a) the group R₄₀-OH and a catalyst, or

b) the group R₄₀-Q and a moderate base, wherein Q is a halogen atom, to give a compound of formula I where R₄₀ is the desired substituent. The above reaction a) is carried out in the presence of a catalyst such as concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is conveniently carried out in a solvent which is also the reactant such as methanol, and at an elevated temperature.

The above reaction b) is carried out in the presence of a moderate base such as triethylamine or pyridine and conveniently at RT or below.

The compounds of formula I may be recovered from the reaction mixture in which they are formed by working up by established procedures.

The compounds of formula II may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula III

with a compound of formula IV

This reaction is carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, potassitim carbonate, pyridine, preferably triethylamine and in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, acetonitrile, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide. The reaction is conveniently carried out at RT or below.

The remaining compounds of formula II may be prepared analogously.

The compounds of formula III are new and also form part of the invention.

They may be prepared by decarboxylating a compound of formula V

wherein R₂₀ is alkoxy, especially ethoxy or methoxy and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are as defined above. The reaction may be carried out at elevated temperatures e.g. 80-90° and in an inert solvent such as e.g. wet dimethylsulfoxide.

The compounds of formula V may be prepared analogously to known methods e.g. according to the following reaction scheme.

Reaction (a) may be carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloro- methane and aqueous ether and in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or sodium carbonate at RT.

Reaction (b) may be carried out in an inert solvent such as toluene benzene or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of a base such as sodium methoxide or sodium hydride.

The remaining starting materials and reagents employed in the process described herein are either known or, insofar as they are not known, may be produced in a manner analogous to the processes described herein or to known processes [cf for compounds VI Komowski et.al. Bull. Soc. Chim France 1966(2)683].

The compound 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxy-benzoic acid is new and also forms part of the invention.

The compounds of this invention wherein R₄ is H can have four structural formulae because of tautomerism as illustrated as follows:

It will of course be readily appreciated that where R₄ is other than hydrogen such compounds may exist in forms lb, Ic and Id or as mixtures of these forms.

The novel compounds of formula I are useful for the control of weeds, using pre- and/or post-emergent treatments. Compounds of formula I are also useful as plant growth regulators (PGRs) and acaricides. The compounds can be applied in the form of dusts, granules, solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, flowables and suspensions. Application of a compound of the present invention as herbicides is made according to conventional procedure to the weeds or their locus using an herbicidally effective amount of the compounds, usually from about one-tenth or less to ten pounds per acre. The application of a compound of the present invention to the "locus" of the weed includes application to the seeds, the plant (weed) or parts of the plant, or the soil.

Application of a compound of the present invention as an acaricide is made according to conventional procedure to the site of infestation using an acaricidally effective amount of the compound, usually 100 g/ha to 1 kg/ha.

The term "herbicide," as used herein, refers to an active ingredient which modifies the growth of plants because of phytotoxic or plant growth regulating properties so as to retard the growth of the plant or damage the plant sufficiently to kill it.

Compounds of the present invention, when applied as either post or pre-emergents, demonstrate high levels of herbicidal activity on broadleaf, grass and sedge weeds. They also exhibit selectivity in wheat, corn, cotton, some varieties of soybean and in some cases, rice.

In the use of the compounds of formula I for combatting weeds and acari, a compound of formula I, or mixtures thereof, can conveniently be employed as compositions in association with acceptable diluent(s) for application to the weed, acari or their loci. Such compositions also form part of the present invention.

Methods of preparing suitable formulations which can be used with a compound of the present invention are described in the literature along with suitable liquid and solid carriers, such as in U.S. Patent 4,192,669 and 4,163,661, which are incorporated herein by reference. The optimum usage of a compound of the present invention is readily determinable by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine testing such as greenhouse testing and small plot testing.

Suitable formulations contain from 0.01 to 99% by weight of active ingredient, from 0 to 20% of surfactant and from 1 to 99.99% of solid or liquid diluent(s). Higher ratios of surfactant to active ingredient are sometimes desirable and are achieved by incorporation into the formulation or by tank mixing. Application forms of a composition generally contain between 0.01 and 25% by weight of active ingredient. Lower or higher levels of active ingredient can, of course, be present depending on the intended use, the physical properties of the compound and the mode of application. Concentrate forms of a composition intended to be diluted before use generally contain between 2 and 90%, preferably between 5 and 81% by weight of active ingredient.

Useful formulations of the compounds of formula I include dusts, granules, suspension concentrates, wettable powders, flowables and the like. They are obtained by conventional manner, e.g. by mixing a compound of formula I with the diluent(s) and optionally with other ingredients.

Alternatively, the compounds of formula I may be used in micro-encapsulated form.

The compounds of formula I can be combined with a cyclodextrin to make a cyclodextrin inclusion complex for application to the weed, acari or their loci.

Agriculturally acceptable additives may be employed in the herbicidal compositions to improve the performance of the active ingredient and to reduce foaming, caking and corrosion, for example.

"Surfactant" as used herein means an agriculturally acceptable material which imparts emulsiflability, spreading, wetting, dispersibility or other surface-modifying properties. Examples of surfactants are sodium lignin sulfonate and lauryl sulfate.

"Diluent" as used herein means a liquid or solid agriculturally acceptable material used to dilute a concentrated material to a usable or desirable strength. For dusts or granules it can be e.g. talc, kaolin or diatomaceous earth, for liquid concentrate forms for example a hydrocarbon such as xylene or an alcohol such as isopropanol, and for liquid application forms e.g. water or diesel oil.

The compositions of this invention can also comprise other compounds having biological activity, e.g. compounds having similar or complementary acaricidal or herbicidal activity for broadspectrum weed control or compounds having antidotal, fungicidal, insecticidal or insect attractant activity.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the practice of the present invention. Temperature is given in degrees Centigrade. RT means room temperature. Parts and percentages are by weight.

EXAMPLE 1

Preparation of 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl)- 2H-1,2-oxazine-3,5(4H, 6H)-dione (Formula I R₁=R₂=R₃=CH₃; R₄=R₆=H; R=NO₂; R₅=OCF₃: Compound No. 1)

71.4g of 2,6,6-trimethyl-5-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyloxy)- 6H-1,2-oxazine-3-one is dissolved in 300 ml of acetonitrile and 49 ml of triethylamine. To this solution, cooled in a water bath, is added 3.2 ml of acetone cyanohydrin. The resulting solution is stirred at r.t., under nitrogen, overnight. The reaction mixture is concentrated to a syrup and the syrup is portioned between 400 ml of water and 150 ml of dichloro- methoxy. The combined extracts are washed with 2N HCl, brine, dried and evaporated to dryness to give oily residue. The crude product is then crystallized from ethanol to yield 2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(2-nitro-4-trifluoro- methoxybenzoyl)-2H-1,2-oxazine-3,5(4H, 6H)-dione, m.p. 73-75.5º.

Proceeding analogously to Example 1 the following compounds of formula I are obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzonitrile

To a stirred solution of 64.30 g of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxyaniline (Zhur. Obshchei. Khim 31, 915-24 (1961)) in 72 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 190 ml of water, cooled to 0° is added dropwise over 35 min. a solution of 20.0 g of sodium nitrite in 75 ml of water. After stirring at 0°C for an additional 45 min., the diazonium salt solution is added dropwise, in portions, over 75 min. to a stirred solution of 82.69 g of potassium cyanide and 46.62 g of cupric sulfate in 400 ml of water at 60-65°C. The gray-greenish mixture is stirred and heated at 60-65°C for an additional 30 min and then allowed to cool to r.t. The mixture is filtered through celite and the precipitate is washed with dichloromethane (3 x 200 ml). The dichloromethane washings are used to extract the aqueous solution. The combined extracts are washed with water, brine, dried and evaporated to dryness to give an oily residue which is chromatographed on silica gel to give 31.44 g of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzonitrile. EXAMPLE 3

Preparation of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxy benzoic acid

A stirred solution of 40.96 g of 2-nitro-4-trifluorobenzonitrile in

90 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 125 ml of water is refluxed for 45 hrs. The reaction mixture is cooled and diluted with 200 ml of cold water.

The aqueous supernatant is decanted from the brown cryustalline gum. The crystalline gum is dissolved in ether and extracted with 0.5 N sodium hydroxide solution. The combined basic aqueous solution is cooled and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and then extracted with ether. The combined extracts are dried and evaporated to dryness to give crystalline 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoic acid m.p. 119°C.

EXAMPLE 4

Preparationof 2,6,6-trimethyl-5-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl- oxy)-6H-1,2-oxazine-3-one (Formula II R₁=R₂=R₃=CH₃; R₄=R₆-= H; R=NO₂; R₅=OCF₃

A stirred solution of 43.98 g of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoic acid in 100 ml of thionyl chloride is refluxed for 2 hrs and then concentrated to dryness to give oily 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl chloride. To a stirred solution of 27.53 g of 2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-1,2- oxazine-3,5(4H, 6H)-dione and 35 ml (25/mm) of triethylamine in 290 ml of dichloromethane, cooled in an ice bath, under nitrogen, is added dropwise a solution of 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxybenzoyl chloride in 100 ml of dichloromethane. After stirring at 0°C at r.t. for 2 hrs., the reaction mixture is diluted with 150 ml of dichloromethane and the solution is washed with water, brine, dried and evaporated to dryness to give 2,6,6- 2,6,6-trimethyl-5-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethyoxybenzoyloxy) -6H-1,2-oxazine-3- one.

Claims

WE CLAIM

1. A compound of formula I

wherein,

each of R₁, R₂ and R₃ is independently hydrogen, C_1-8alkyl, carboxyl, C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three groups as R, or R₁ and R₂ together form a C_3-6alkylene bridge

R₄ is hydrogen, C_1-8alkyl, C_1-8allcylcarbonyl, C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, -

C(O)NR₇R₈, C_1-8alkylsulphonyl, P(O)-(OR₈)₂, R₇P(O)-OR₉, benzoyl or a cation;

R is C_1-8alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms, C_1-8- alkoxy optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms, C_1-8alkyl- carbonyl, C_1-8alkoxycarbonyl, NR₇R₈, O_nS(O)_n,R₁₀, NR₇SO₂R₈, halogen, cyano or nitro;

R₅ is C_1-8alkoxy substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms;

R₆ is hydrogen or selected from the meanings given for R;

each of R₇ and R₈ is independently hydrogen or C_1-8alkyl;

R₉ is C_1-8alkyl;

R₁₀ is C_1-8alkyl optionally substituted by 1 to 6 halogen atoms; n is 0 or 1;

n' is 0, 1 or 2;

provided that when R₁, R₂ and R₃ are methyl, R₄ and R₆ are hydrogen and R is nitro, R₅ is not difluoromethoxy.

2. A compound according to Claim 1 wherein each of R₁, R₂, R₃ is selected from hydrogen or C_1-4alkyl;

R is selected from C_1-4alkyl optionally substituted with chloro, bromo, or fluoro, -(O)_n-S(O)_n,-C_1-4alkyl, halogen or nitro;

R₅ is fluoroalkoxy;

R₆ is selected from hydrogen, C_1-4alkyl, C_1-4alkoxy, bromo, chloro;

R₄ is selected from H, C_1-4alkyl, C_4-8alkylcarbonyl, benzoyl, C_1-4alkyl- sulphonyl or a cation.

3. A compound according to Claim 2 wherein

each of R₁, R₂ and R₃ is selected from H, C_1-3alkyl

R₄ is H;

R is selected from NO₂, Cl, CF₃.

4. A compound according to Claim 3 wherein R₁, R₂ and R₃ are each methyl, R₄ and R₆ are each hydrogen, R is nitro and R₅ is OCF₃.

5. A pesticidal composition comprising the compound of formula I as defined in Claims 1-4, in association with an agriculturally acceptable carrier.

6. A method of controlling weeds comprising applying to the weeds or their locus herbicldally effective amount of a compound of formula I as defined in Claims 1-4.

7. A method of controlling acari comprising applying to the acari or their locus an acaricidally effective amount of a compound of formula

I as defined in Claims 1-4.

8. A process for preparing a compound of formula I as defined in Claim 1 which comprises

a) rearranging an enol ester of formula (II)

II

wherein R₁, R₂, R₃, R, R₅ and R₆ are as defined in claim 1 to give a compound of formula I wherein R₄ is H

b) when R₄ is other than hydrogen reacting a compound of formula I wherein R₄ is hydrogen with either

a) the group R₄₀-OH and a catalyst, or

b) the group R₄₀-Q and a moderate base, wherein Q is a halogen atom, to give a compound of formula I where R₄₀ is the desired substituent.

9. 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethoxy benzoic acid.