WO1992006215A1 - Sondes polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y servant a la determination prenatale du sexe - Google Patents

Sondes polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y servant a la determination prenatale du sexe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992006215A1
WO1992006215A1 PCT/CA1991/000353 CA9100353W WO9206215A1 WO 1992006215 A1 WO1992006215 A1 WO 1992006215A1 CA 9100353 W CA9100353 W CA 9100353W WO 9206215 A1 WO9206215 A1 WO 9206215A1
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nucleic acid
dna
seq
isolate
labeled
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PCT/CA1991/000353
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English (en)
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Robert J. Winkfein
Gordon H. Dixon
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The University Of Calgary
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Priority to BR919106945A priority Critical patent/BR9106945A/pt
Priority to JP3515712A priority patent/JPH06501386A/ja
Publication of WO1992006215A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992006215A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/87—Introduction of foreign genetic material using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. co-transformation
    • C12N15/873—Techniques for producing new embryos, e.g. nuclear transfer, manipulation of totipotent cells or production of chimeric embryos
    • C12N15/877—Techniques for producing new mammalian cloned embryos
    • C12N15/8771—Bovine embryos
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6879—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for sex determination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6841—In situ hybridisation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to determination of genetic sex of mammals, more particularly to ruminant sex determination using Y-specific polynucleotide probes.
  • the ability to determine the sex of an embryo soon after fertilization would provide numerous advantages in the livestock and dairy industries as well as in veterinary medicine.
  • advances in embryo transfer has resulted in a great demand for a method of quickly determining the sex of embryos and cells taken from embryos at early stages of development.
  • the commercial efficiency of livestock and dairy operations would be greatly improved by allowing gestation to be established with embryos of the desired sex.
  • the advantages of sexed embryos are numerous advantages in the livestock and dairy industries as well as in veterinary medicine.
  • advances in embryo transfer has resulted in a great demand for a method of quickly determining the sex of embryos and cells taken from embryos at early stages of development.
  • the commercial efficiency of livestock and dairy operations would be greatly improved by allowing gestation to be established with embryos of the desired
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET including the selection of replacement of stock based on desired characteristics, such as size, weight, increased milk production, etc.
  • desired characteristics such as size, weight, increased milk production, etc.
  • certain diseases such as X-chromosome-linked diseases in humans and similar diseases in other mammals, affect individuals of only one sex. Early determination of the sex of an embryo which, if carried to term, would likely be an individual with such a disease would be particularly advantageous and provide valuable information on which to base a decision to allow further development.
  • Efficient determination of the sex of a conceptus in vivo is also of significant economic importance, and would have important commercial applications.
  • early determination of the sex of an embryo or fetus would allow for termination of the pregnancy if an embryo or fetus of the desired sex was not obtained.
  • the sex of a mammal is determined by the presence or absence of the entire Y-chromosome or some functional portion thereof. Genes present on the Y-chromosome govern formation and the development of the male phenotype. The sex of an individual mammal is therefore dependent upon whether or not its genome contains particular DNA sequences, especially those sequences comprising that part of the Y-chromosome which encode genes responsible for sex determination.
  • sex or presumptive sex of a mammal can therefore be determined by analysis for Y-specific genes in the DNA of the individual mammal.
  • sex can be determined by unrelated but genetically linked sequences which are associated specifically with the Y-chromosome, preferably on sequences linked closely to the male- determining genes to reduce possible errors in analysis due to genetic recombination.
  • a number of investigators have identified DNA sequences which hybridize preferentially or exclusively to male DNA. See Kunkel et al., Science 191, 1189-1190 (1976); Bishop et
  • sperm isolation methods are significantly limited due to the difficulty of obtaining preparations of sperm in which more than 99% of the sperm carry the sex chromosome of only one of the sexes.
  • known techniques for separating sperm according to sex are not practical for obtaining mixtures of sperm with more than about 75% harboring the same sex chromosome. Therefore determining sex by segregating sperm is limited by economic and commercial considerations.
  • Karyotyping fetal cells obtained after several weeks gestation by amniocentesis, chorion biopsy, and other procedures is another known method of determining sex. Such procedures are limited, however, in commercial application due to the expense, risk of infection, and time required to carry out this type of analysis.
  • SUBSTITUT issued to Ellis et al. discloses male specific nucleic acid hybridization probes which have sequences complementary to sequences of segments in bovine male specific DNA. These nucleic acid sequences are stated to be useful as hybridization probes for sexing embryos and fetuses.
  • Australian Patent Application No. 59561/86 discloses bovine DNA probes which hybridize prefer ⁇ entially to male DNA, and are also stated to be useful in sexing embryos and fetuses. These DNA sequences are indicated to be species specific.
  • PCT/AU87/00254 discloses a 307 base pair nucleic acid sequence designated BRY.l comprising Y- specific DNA which is capable of hybridizing with male bovine and ovine derived DNA but not with DNA isolated from female animals.
  • PCT Application No. PCT/AU 89/0029 discloses nucleic acid isolates capable of hybridizing to Y-specific DNA sequences of ruminants.
  • the present invention arises from the discovery of segments of Y-chromosome specific DNA sequences, designated SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl and SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 and corresponding RNA sequences that make possible the rapid, virtually 100% accurate sexing of bovine embryos by nucleic acid hybridization with an amount of DNA equal to the amount obtained from 2 or fewer embryonic cells.
  • the sequences are repeated to varying degrees, with a repeat number differing between unrelated species, and are stably inherited.
  • embryos may be sexed in less than one day at an early stage, at or before the time embryo transfer is carried out.
  • the benefits of early and essentially certain sexing of bovine embryos can be achieved.
  • the present invention accomplishes this by providing sensitive Y-chromosome probes, designated SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl and SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2, making possible the rapid, reliable, and economical sexing of cells obtained from an embryo.
  • Probes of the present invention which are sufficiently sensitive to sex a ruminant/ bovine with DNA from as few as 2 of its cells, can also be used to sex fetuses and embryos.
  • the present invention encompasses methods for applying such DNA sequences in determining the sex of ruminant/bovine and isolating, from male DNA of such species, nucleic acid sequences which hybridize to significantly greater extent with the nucleic acids of the male rather than the female of the species.
  • Such sequences provide for nucleic acid hybridization probes for sexing embryos and cells.
  • the present invention includes nucleic acids which are useful as hybridization probes for prenatally sexing mammals; the probes may be labeled so as to be detectable in a hybridization methodology or utilized in unlabeled form; methods of isolating and identifying such nucleic acids and probes; and procedures for using the probes in prenatal sexing of mammals are also disclosed.
  • nucleic acid sequences of this invention can be single-stranded or double stranded DNA or RNA, or hybrids between DNA and RNA.
  • the sequences may be labeled or unlabeled.
  • the sequence of the labeled nucleic acid is the sequence the nucleic acid would have if each labeled nucleotide in the sequence were replaced with the corresponding unlabeled nucleotide.
  • a DNA is labeled with a non-radioactive marker such as biotin on the 5-position of deoxyuridylate residues
  • the sequence of the labeled DNA is the same as that of the DNA where all of the biotin labeled deoxyuridylates are replaced with thymidylates.
  • the sequences of a DNA and a RNA are the same if every deoxyribonucleotide, except thymidylate in the DNA is replaced with the corresponding ribonucleotide in the RNA and every thymidylate in the DNA is substituted in the RNA by uridylate.
  • the preferred nucleic acid probes hybridize to a significantly greater extent with total male DNA than total female DNA of a bovine species, when hybridizations are carried out under similar conditions.
  • the probes of this invention will not hybridize detectably to total female bovine DNA in an hybridization under stringent conditions over a hybridization period during which detectable hybridizations with total male bovine DNA occur.
  • nucleic acid probes are hybridized under stringent conditions with chromosomal DNA derived from cells of an embryo of the invention.
  • the probes correspond to all or part of a DNA sequence found on the Y-chromosome of at least one of bovine, ovine, and caprine animals.
  • nucleic acids of the invention both unlabeled and labeled, are that, when in single stranded form, they hybridize with a probability greater than 0.99 preferentially with total male DNA rather than total female DNA of a bovine species under substantially the same hybridization conditions.
  • nucleic acid isolates from male bovine that are capable of hybridizing only to sequences of nucleic acid from bovine which contain the Y-chromosomal DNA sequences.
  • the nucleic acid isolates correspond to DNA sequences comprising part of the Y-chromosomal DNA of bovine mammals, and are referred to as SEQ ID N0:1; BtYl and SEQ
  • nucleic acids with different sequences may, under the same conditions, hybridize detectably to the same "target" nucleic acid.
  • Two nucleic acids hybridize detectably, under stringent conditions over a sufficiently long hybridization period because one comprises a segment of at least about 12 nucleotides in a sequence complementary or nearly complementary to the sequence of at least one segment of the target nucleic acid.
  • the physical basis for hybridization is base- pairing between these complementary or nearly
  • T complementary segments If the time during which hybridization is allowed to occur is held constant, at a value which, under stringent conditions, two nucleic acids with exactly complementary base-pairing segments hybridize detectably to each other, increasing departures from exact complementarity can be made into the base- pairing segments, but sufficient base pairing will still occur to an extent to make hybridization detectable, as the base-pairing segments of two nucleic acids becomes larger and as the conditions of the hybridization become less stringent. Moreover, segments outside of the probing segment of a probe nucleic acid may be altered significantly in sequence without substantially diminishing the extent of hybridization between the probe and its target so long as the alteration does not introduce a probing segment complementary or nearly complementary to a target segment in a different target present in samples to be probed.
  • the rate of hybridization may also be altered.
  • substantially the same sequence is used within the meaning of the present specification to mean that two single stranded nucleic acid segments (a) both form a base-paired duplex with the same segment, and (b) the melting temperatures of said two duplexes in a solution of 0.5 x SSPE differ by less than 10 degrees Celsius.
  • Two double-stranded nucleic acid segments have "substantially the same sequence” if either strand of one
  • SUBSTIT of the segments has "substantially the same sequence" as one of the strands of the other segment.
  • Any labeling method known in the art would be suitable in the practice of the present invention.
  • Application of a nucleic acid as a hybridization probe in accordance to the invention may be made by the labeling of the probe in order to facilitate detection.
  • the nucleic acids of the invention are detectably labeled with a nonradioactive label such as biotin.
  • Other non-radioactive labels such as bromodeoxyuridine may also be used.
  • Radioactive isotopes may also be used for labeling the nucleic acid probes of this invention.
  • the probes are labeled with 32P.
  • other radioactive labels may also be conveniently employed such as 3H, 14C, 35S, or 1251. Labeling may be easily accomplished by nick-translating a sample of the DNA for example, in the presence of one or more deoxynucleoside-5-triphosphates which are labeled with the isotope.
  • An alternative to the use of non-radioactive or radio ⁇ active labels is the chemical labeling of the nucleic acid of this invention.
  • nick- translation of the nucleic acid in the presence of deoxyuridylate biotinylated at the 5-position of the uracil moiety to replace thymidylate residues is suitable.
  • the resulting labeled probe will include the biotinylated uridylate in place of thymidylate residuals.
  • the resulting labeled probe will include biotinylated
  • SUBSTIT uridylate in place of thymidylate residues and is detectable via the biotin moieties by any of a number of commercially available detection systems utilizing the binding of streptavidin to the biotin. See, for example, Singer and Ward, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 7331- 7335 (1982) .
  • Detection systems are commercially available from, e.g., Bethesda Research Laboratories, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD., U.S.A. and Enzo Bioche icals, Inc., New York, NY, U.S.A.
  • the present invention also includes any contiguous portion of 12 or more nucleotides or any and all of the sequences illustrated in SEQ ID NOS: 1-4.
  • nucleic acids may be used as hybridization probes to detect any of the illustrated sequences or similar sequences in bovine and non-bovine species.
  • nucleic acid sequences may also be constructed synthetically using commercially available DNA synthesizers, such as the Applied Biosystems 380A DNA Synthesizer, obtained from Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, CA, U.S.A.
  • Such nucleic acid probes which comprise less than about 12 nucleotides have limited usefulness as hybridization probes.
  • the preferred probes are those nucleic acid isolates comprising any contiguous portion of 12 or more nucleotides of any and all of the sequences described herein.
  • Various embodiments include the use of recombinant DNA molecules constructed from all or part of the shown sequences and include a vector capable of propagation in host
  • BSTITUTE SHEET prokaryotic or eukarylotic cells for the purpose of cloning, amplification and/or expression of the claimed sequences.
  • Any number of a wide range of vector molecules may be used depending on the intended use of the nucleic acid. Examples of such vectors include molecules such as pT218u or pTZ19u, and Bluescript (Stratagene) , however, vector molecules include both eukaryotic and prokaryotic vectors, plasmids, phagemids, shuttle vectors, ba ⁇ teriophage, and the like.
  • RNA corresponding to all or part of the sequences as described may be produced using any method well known in the art including but not limited to in vitro transcription systems, utilizing for example, the RNA polymerases of bacteriophage. Numerous commercially available polymerases are suitable such as T3, T7 or SP6. See Melton, et al. Nuc. Acid. Res., 12, 7035-7056 (1984), and Taylor, et al. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 442, 324-330.
  • the nucleic acid isolates of the invention include both DNA and RNA seq- uences which preferentially hybridize to Y-chromosome- specific DNA and RNA sequences and hence are useful in the determination of the genetic sex of a mammal.
  • SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl is a 1.859 kb Pst I fragment cloned from bovine DNA.
  • the restriction fragment SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl was sub-cloned and subsequently shown by hybridization to Southern blots of genomic DNA from individual male and female mammals to be generally conserved, male-specific, and repeated in bovines and other ruminants.
  • SEQ ID NO:2 shows double-stranded RNA corresponding to the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl where thymidine of the corresponding DNA in SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl is replaced by uracil.
  • SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 is a 3.71 kb Sad fragment cloned bovine DNA.
  • the SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl fragment was used to isolate SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 and is contained within the SEQ ID NO:3 BtY2 fragment.
  • the Sad restriction fragment of SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 was subcloned and subsequently shown by hybridization to Southern blots of genomic DNA from individual male and female mammals to be generally conserved.
  • SEQ ID NO:4 shows double-stranded RNA corresponding to the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 where thymidine of the corresponding DNA in SEQ ID NO:3 BtY2 is replaced by uracil, and repeated in bovines.
  • Th e terms SEQ ID NO:l BtYl and SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 refer to, where provided, the specific sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOS:l and 3.
  • variants also include closed circularized and linearized SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl and SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 and variants where nucleotides have been substituted, added to, or deleted from, the relevant sequences shown, so long as the variants hybridize with all or part of any of the sequences SEQ ID NOS:1-4.
  • variants may be naturally occurring allelic and/or cis variants which may arise within a population of individuals by virtue of insertions, deletions, or point mutations of DNA sequences, by recombination or by rearrangement. Alternatively, such variants may be
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET artificially produced for example, by deletion of fragments of DNA by exonuclease, by 16 site-directed mutagenesis, or by the addition of DNA sequences by ligating portions of DNA together, or template- independent or template-dependent DNA polymerase.
  • the nucleic acid isolates are used as hybridization probes to detect Y- chromosome specific DNA and RNA sequences and therefore the sex of, for example, embryo or fetal cells of bovine or other ruminants.
  • the nucleic acid probes of this invention may be used to detect variations in amounts and/or variations in sequence of corresponding sequences in individual mammals. Such applications are useful in, for example, paternity testing of male offspring.
  • Various types of cells may be analyzed using the nucleic acid isolates and methods described herein, a useful example being their application to fractionated sperm where various fractions may be tested for sperm bearing a Y-chromosome using the nucleic acid isolates of the present invention.
  • a sample of cells is removed for assay.
  • DNA and/or RNA may be extracted therefrom using known methods. See Maniatis, et al. (1982) Molecular Cloning,
  • DNA and/or RNA may then be applied and fixed directly to a membrane such as nitrocellulose, or a derivative thereof.
  • a membrane such as nitrocellulose, or a derivative thereof.
  • the DNA and/or RNA may be electrophoresed through a gel matrix and then transferred and fixed to a similar membrane.
  • nucleic acids so bound to the membrane are then hybridized with any or all of the nucleic acid isolates of the invention which are labeled with a detectable marker as previously described.
  • the labeled nucleic acid isolate which binds to nucleic acid on the membrane is detected by conventional techniques well known in the art, for example, by autoradiography. If the labeled isolate hybridizes to similar sequences in the target sample, sex can be conclusively designated as male.
  • amplified target DNA may be used. See Saiki, et al.. Science 230, 1350-1354 (1986), and Saiki, et al.. Nature 324, 163-166 (1986).
  • nucleic acid probes of the invention utilizes nucleic acids which are not extracted from the sample of cells removed for assay. Such cells are heated in alkaline solution and the resultant solution is filtered onto a charge-modified nylon membrane such as a Zeta-Probe membrane (trademark of Bio-Rad) . DNA fixed to the membrane is hybridized with nucleic acid isolate(s) of the invention as described in the method described above.
  • a charge-modified nylon membrane such as a Zeta-Probe membrane (trademark of Bio-Rad)
  • IT TE SHEET invention is useful for the determination of the sex chromosome constitution of a tissue or cell sample comprising, isolating DNA from the tissue or cell sample, immobilizing the isolated DNA onto a support matrix, hybridizing the immobilized DNA with a nucleic acid isolate of this invention, washing the unbound nucleic acid isolate from the support matrix, and then detecting the binding of the nucleic acid isolate to the bound DNA by conventional methods.
  • a preferred methodology comprises hybridizing chromosome spreads of such cells with the Y-chromosome specific nucleic acid isolates of the invention under conditions enabling the nucleic acid isolate to bind to complementary DNA sequences.
  • Unbound nucleic acid is washed away, and detecting binding of the nucleic acid isolates using conventional techniques of in situ hybridization, such as those described in Saiki, et al. , Science 230, 324, 163-166 (1986), may be applied.
  • Conventional methods useful for amplifying the levels of target DNA may also be utilized in combination with the nucleic acid probes of the invention. For example, DNA isolated from the tissue or cell sample is denatured to separate the respective coding and non-coding strands, annealing the denatured DNA with a synthetic polynucleotide corresponding to 12 or more nucleotides from any of the nucleic acid probe sequences of the invention, incubating the annealed DNA with DNA
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET polymerase to extend the polynucleotide through the sequences, and repeating this sequence as many times as desired to amplify levels of target DNA.
  • Subsequent detection of the target DNA in the amplified sample may be made by any number of conventional methods well known in the art. For example, immobilizing the DNA onto a support matrix, hybridizing the immobilized DNA with a nucleic acid of the invention under conditions permitting the labeled nucleic acid probe to bind to complementary sequences, washing unbound probe from the support matrix, and then detecting binding of the nucleic acid probe to the bound DNA.
  • the sample may be fractionated by electrophoresis in a gel matrix with subsequent detection of the labeled target DNA sequences.
  • Hybridizations are carried out under standard conditions well known in the art. See Maniatis et al., (1982), Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
  • Amplification of target DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) prior to hybridization with the nucleic acid probes of the invention is another method useful in determining the sex of an embryo, fetus, or the like.
  • Polynucleotide primers from a target sequence are used to amplify the DNA sequence occurring between the primer sequence of the target DNA. The amplified target sequences may be detected following their fixation to a membrane and analyzed using conventional hybridization
  • the amplified target sequences may also be visualized using electrophoresis where the sequence is immobilized and stained in the gel matrix using standard stains such as silver reagent or ethidium bromide and subsequent visualization under ultraviolet light.
  • the nucleic acid isolates of the invention may be further used to comprise or form part of a kit for detecting the presence or absence of Y-chromosome specific sequences in a wide variety of tissue or cell samples.
  • the nucleic acid isolates may be labeled with a wide variety of labels including radioactive or non- radioactive markers.
  • the kits may also comprise a well known number of suitable components including but not limited to buffers for diluting reagents, labeled compounds, solid support for assays, and the like.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET deg.C for 10 minutes.
  • the pellet consisting mainly of nucleated white cells, was resuspended in saline (0.85% NaCl in sterile H 2 O) and spun as above. Saline supernatant was removed and the pellet was resuspended in 2 ml of 100 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 40 mM sodium EDTA.
  • An equal volume of lysis mixture 100 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.0, 40 mM EDTA and 0.2% SDS was added and the sample was chilled overnight at 4 deg.C.
  • PCI Standard phenol chloroform isoamyl alcohol
  • Genomic DNA PCI mixtures were mixed by slow rotation (50 rpm on a commercial rotating device) for 20 minutes. All other DNA's were mixed with PCI by vigorous vortexing. Samples were spun at 10,000 rpm in a HB4 rotor of a Sorvall centrifuge for 10-20 minutes at room temperature. The upper, aqueous phase containing DNA was removed with a widebore pipette and reextracted sequentially as above until no interphase was detectable between the aqueous DNA phase and the organic PCI phase. DNA was
  • Genomic DNA was pelleted by centrifugation at 5,000 rpm in an HB4 rotor at 4 deg. (all other DNA's were pelleted at 10,000 rpm). Ethanol was removed and the DNA was redissolved in 1 ml sterile H2O and reprecipitated as above. These pellets were washed two times with 70% ethanol, dried in vacuo and dissolved in sterile H2O- DNA concentration was determined by measuring the O.D. 260 in a spectrophotometer. Genomic DNA was stored at 4 deg.C until use (all other DNA's were stored frozen -20 deg.C) .
  • Genomic DNA (50-100 ug) was digested with a four-fold excess (i.e. 4U enzyme/ug DNA) of either Pstl or Sad restriction endonucleases (New England Biolabs) , in buffers supplied by the manufacturer, for 4 hours at 37 deg.C. Digested DNA was purified by standard PCI extraction and ethanol precipitation. DNA was dissolved in sterile H2O at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.
  • Genomic DNA was electrophoresed in agarose gels (0.8- 1.2% agarose. Bio Rad Molecular biology-grade) using the Bio Rad Horizontal DNA Sub Cell.
  • Tank buffers were 40 mM Tris acetate pH 8.0, 2 mM EDTA and 0.5 ug/ml ethidium biomide. DNA was visualized by UV transillu ination. Size-cuts of digested genomic DNA were isolated using commercially available molecular weight markers as a guide. Slits across the gel lane were introduced, into which DEAE cellulose paper (NA45, Schleicher and Schuell) was placed. Electrophoresis was continued until all the fluorescence had absorbed to the paper. By sticking paper strips at intervals up the gel lane, discreet size fractions were isolated.
  • Plasmid DNA's were prepared by standard procedures using alkaline lysis and cesium chloride gradient centrifugation (see Maniatis) . All fragments were subcloned into either Bluescript + KS or Bluescript + SK vectors (Stratagene) . Vector DNA (5 ug) was digested with a four-fold excess (20 units) of appropriate restriction endonuclease. DNA was PCI extracted by standard procedures and precipitated with ethanol. DNA was resuspended in 200 ul 10 mM Tris, pH 8.3, 5 mM MgCl and 0.1 mM ZnCl2 heated to 75 deg.C and quick cooled on ice. Calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP- Boehringer Mannheim-molecular biology grade) was added at
  • ITUTE SHEET 0.5 U/ug of DNA and incubated at 42 deg.C for 30 minutes, 55 deg.C for 30 minutes and heated to 75 deg.C for 10 minutes before cooling on ice. An additional 2U of phosphatase was added and incubated as above. SDS was added to 0.1% and the mixture was extracted repeatedly with PCI, by standard procedures, and ethanol precipitated. DNA was dissolved at a concentration of 0.5 ug/ul in sterile H2O, heated to 75 deg.C for 15 minutes and allowed to cool to room temperature before storage at -20 deg.C prior to use.
  • Recombinant DNA molecules were prepared as follows. Vector and insert DNA were mixed at a 3:1 molar ratio. For a 10 ul ligation reaction, 2 ul of a solution containing 25 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.6), 50 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM DTT and 25% polyethylene glycol 8000 was added. One microlitre each of 10 mM ATP and T4 DNA ligase (6-10 units) were added, the total volume was adjusted to 10 ul with sterile H2O and the mixture was incubated at 12 deg.C for a minimum of 8 hours.
  • Ligation of blunt ended molecules was performed using 1/lOth the above concentration of ATP, double the amount of T4 DNA ligase and incubation at room temperature overnight.
  • TE 90 ul was added to ligation reactions, which were then purified by standard PCI extraction and ethanol precipitation. DNA was dissolved in 10-20 ul sterile H2O and stored at 4 deg.C until its
  • TE SHEET pulsing 1 ml SOC medium, prewarmed to 37 deg.C, was added to cells which were transferred to 15 ml polypropylene culture tubes and shaken at 37 deg.C for 1 hour.
  • Cells were pelleted at 4,000 x g for 10 minutes at room temperature, resuspended in 1 ml of LB amp and grown for 1 hour (approximately 3 cell doubling times) , mixed with 0.4 mi of 100% glycerol, frozen in a dry ice ethanol bath and stored at -70 deg.C. Aliquots were then filtered for accurate CFU determination before plating for colony hybridization.
  • Transformed bacteria (3,000-5,000 cfu) were suspended in 2 ml of LB amp which was plated on LB amp plates (185 mm) and incubated at 37 deg.C until colonies were 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter. Plates were chilled at 4 deg.C for one hour prior to being overlain with 182 mM Nylon Filters
  • Filters were washed once with 2 x SSPE, 0.1% SDS at room temperature for 30 minutes, twice for 15 minutes each with 1 x SSPE, 0.1% SDS at 65 deg.C and finally once for 10 minutes with 0.1 x SSPE, 0.1% SDS at 65 deg.C. This latter step is a high stringency wash and was not always performed. Filters were dried and exposed to Kodak XAR X-ray film with a "Lightening Plus" intensifying screen (Kodak) at -70 deg.C for varying amount of time.
  • Kodak XAR X-ray film with a "Lightening Plus" intensifying screen (Kodak) at -70 deg.C for varying amount of time.
  • Radiolabeled probes were prepared as originally described by Hodgson and Fisk (1987, NAR pg. 6295) without modification. Probes were purified by Sephadex G-75 chromatography (Pharmacia) and denatured at 100 deg.C for 10 minutes prior to use in hybridizations.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET for a minimum of one hour on ice. Phage were pelleted for 20 minutes at 10,000 x g and resuspended in 400 ul TE. DNA was isolated by standard PCI extraction and ethanol precipitation (procedure described above) . DNA was dissolved in 50 ul sterile H2O. Nucleotide sequence determination was performed using a commercially available T7 DNA polymerase based dideoxynucleotide system (Sequenase 2.0, United States Biochemicals) according to manufacturer's instructions. Nucleotide sequence ladders were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (see Maniatis) . DNA sequences were assembled using the Microgenie sequence analysis package (Beck an) . Data base searches were performed with the Genbank on line service (Intelligenetics Inc., Stanford) using the 'Fastal' sequence analysis program.
  • BtYl shows the double stranded DNA sequence of BtYl; and in this illustration, C refers to deoxycytidine-5-phosphate; G refers to deoxyguanosine-5- phosphate; A refers to deoxyadenosine-5-phosphate; and T refers to deoxythymidine-5-phosphate.
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET SEQ ID NO:2 shows the double-stranded RNA sequence corresponding to the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl.
  • C refers to cytidine-5- phosphate
  • G refers to guanosine-5-phosphate
  • A refers to adenosine- 5-phosphate
  • U refers to uridine-5- phosphate.
  • SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 shows the double-stranded DNA sequence of BtY2; and in this illustration C,G,A, and T are the same as in SEQ ID NO:l; BtYl.
  • SEQ ID NO:4 shows the double-stranded DNA sequence corresponding to the DNA sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; BtY2 where C,G,A, and U are the same as in SEQ ID NO:2.

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Abstract

L'invention décrit des sondes d'hybridation spécifiques du chromosome Y servant à déterminer le sexe avant la naissance, pouvant s'hybrider uniquement à des séquences d'ADN spécifiques du chromosome Y chez les bovins et autres ruminants; ces sondes peuvent déterminer le sexe d'embryons au moment ou avant le transfert de l'embryon avec pratiquement 100 % d'exactitude.
PCT/CA1991/000353 1990-10-04 1991-10-03 Sondes polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y servant a la determination prenatale du sexe WO1992006215A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR919106945A BR9106945A (pt) 1990-10-04 1991-10-03 Sondas de polinucleotideos expecificos para cromossomos-y para a determinacao pre-natal de sexo
JP3515712A JPH06501386A (ja) 1990-10-04 1991-10-03 胎児期性決定用ｙ染色体特異ポリヌクレオチドプローブ

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2026926 CA2026926C (fr) 1990-10-04 1990-10-04 Sondes polynucleotidiques specifiques du chromosome y pour la determination du sexe du foetus avant la naissance
CA2,026,926 1990-10-04

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WO1992006215A1 true WO1992006215A1 (fr) 1992-04-16

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PCT/CA1991/000353 WO1992006215A1 (fr) 1990-10-04 1991-10-03 Sondes polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y servant a la determination prenatale du sexe

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP0551319A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06501386A (fr)
AU (1) AU8623191A (fr)
BR (1) BR9106945A (fr)
CA (1) CA2026926C (fr)
WO (1) WO1992006215A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988001300A1 (fr) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-25 The Australian National University Determination du sexe chez les ruminants grace a l'utilisation de polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y
WO1989007154A1 (fr) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-10 Advanced Riverina Holdings Limited Determination du sexe genetique chez les ruminants au moyen de polynucleotides specifiques aux chromosomes y

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988001300A1 (fr) * 1986-08-12 1988-02-25 The Australian National University Determination du sexe chez les ruminants grace a l'utilisation de polynucleotides specifiques du chromosome y
WO1989007154A1 (fr) * 1988-01-29 1989-08-10 Advanced Riverina Holdings Limited Determination du sexe genetique chez les ruminants au moyen de polynucleotides specifiques aux chromosomes y

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9106945A (pt) 1993-08-17
JPH06501386A (ja) 1994-02-17
CA2026926A1 (fr) 1992-04-05
EP0551319A1 (fr) 1993-07-21
AU8623191A (en) 1992-04-28
CA2026926C (fr) 2000-12-19

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