WO1992003588A1 - Heater for an effusion cell - Google Patents

Heater for an effusion cell Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992003588A1
WO1992003588A1 PCT/FI1990/000201 FI9000201W WO9203588A1 WO 1992003588 A1 WO1992003588 A1 WO 1992003588A1 FI 9000201 W FI9000201 W FI 9000201W WO 9203588 A1 WO9203588 A1 WO 9203588A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
effusion cell
foil
ribbon
crucible
heater
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1990/000201
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Tapani Levola
Jari Vanhatalo
Lasse Salminen
Mikko KANERVAMÄKI
Original Assignee
Dca Instruments Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dca Instruments Oy filed Critical Dca Instruments Oy
Priority to CA002090730A priority Critical patent/CA2090730A1/en
Priority to PCT/FI1990/000201 priority patent/WO1992003588A1/en
Priority to EP90912353A priority patent/EP0547048B1/en
Priority to DE69021219T priority patent/DE69021219T2/en
Priority claimed from CA002090730A external-priority patent/CA2090730A1/en
Publication of WO1992003588A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992003588A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/243—Crucibles for source material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
    • C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
    • C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
    • C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
    • C30B23/066—Heating of the material to be evaporated

Definitions

  • Invention relates to effusion cell used in Molecular Beam and Chei ⁇ iical Bean* EpiLaxy jyste-ns including a crucible for ' source material and a heater for heating the crucible.
  • MBE Molecular Beam Epitaxy
  • UHV ultra high vacuum
  • the substrate determines the crystallinity and orientation of the grown layer.
  • the deposition rate is typically one micrometer per hour with thickness control of tenths of a monolayer and with purity levels of better than ten parts per million.
  • Predetermined doping and compositional profiles can be fabricated in a layer-by- layer manner, with device-quality minority and majority carrier characteristics.
  • CBE Chemical Beam Epitaxy
  • MBE solid sources employed in conventional MBE are replaced by gaseous sources.
  • MOCVD metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
  • UHV ultra high vacuum
  • CBE possesses the molecular beam nature and the use of all-vapor source simultaneously. Therefore it provides extraordinary versatility in the growth of layered semiconductor systems while permitting the use of phosphorus.
  • CBE has been proven to grow very high quality GalnAsP/InP, one of the most important semiconductor heterostructures practically unattainable by MBE.
  • the Knudsen-type effusion cell is used in the vacuum chamber.
  • a high temperature is needed and exact temperature stability control is necessary.
  • the high temperatures might cause troubles because in the temperature range up to 1600°C impurities from the cell construction might mix with the molecular beams.
  • the heating of the source material is obtained by different kinds of heating elements.
  • Well-known is an effusion cell where the resistor filament line goes from one end of the cell to another end and back again mainly in the direction of the tubular cell. This kind of resistor is very sensitive to the deformation in high temperatures because of the thermal strain.
  • Another well-known heater resistor in the effusion cell is a double coil made of wire.
  • the double coil arrangement is the only possibility to prevent the magnetic field effect achieved by this kind of coil. It is because two coils can be made to effect to the opposite directions and so to compensate the dipole fields of the two coils.
  • the thin wire coil gives unbalanced heat transmission distribution from the resistor to the crucible. Therefore the temperature difference between the resistor and the outer level of the crucible is remarkably high. The consequence of that situation is that high temperature resistor coil easily causes impurities in to the molecular beam.
  • the purpose of this invention is to provide a new effusion ceil for Molecular and Cnemical Beam Epitaxy.
  • the heater for the crucible mainly consists of two coils made of thin foil ribbons which have been corrugated to make ribbon stiffer.
  • the corrugated foil ribbon is mechanically stiff and stable.
  • the heat transmission distribution from the resistor to the crucible is good because the thin foil can cover nearly the whole surface area of the effusion cell.
  • the temperature difference between the resistor and the crucible is insignificant causing almost no impurities in the molecular beam.
  • Figure 1 presents a sectional view of the effusion cell.
  • Figure 2 presents the section II-II of the figure 1.
  • Figure 3 presents the heating filaments of the effusion cell.
  • Figure 4 presents an enlarged section of the filament mounting in the effusion cell.
  • Figure 5 presents a cross section V-V of the effusion cell.
  • the effusion cell in figure 1 is mainly comprised of the supporting structure, means for holding solid sources for emanating and means for heating the solid source.
  • the supporting structure comprises the feedthrough 1, the flange 2, the base rod 3, outer core 12 and inner core 13. Inside the tube formed cores 12 and 13 there is the crucible 27 for holding solid sources to be emanated surrounded by the heating filaments 16a and 16b.
  • the heating filaments 16a and 16b are resistors which are made of foil ribbons and connected to the electric power source by the current leads 17a and 17b. Electric current is brought through the flange 2 by cords 29a and 29b which have been attached to the connectors 19a and 19b by screws 18a and 18b.
  • the effusion cell has a four point connecting plug 30 with two tags 31 for the heating filaments and two tags 32 for the thermoelement.
  • thermoelements 9a and 9b are seen in another sectional view of the effusion cell in the figure 2 .
  • Thermoelements 9a and 9b measure the temperature of the crucible 27 and they are connected to the tags 32 by cords 33a and 33b.
  • the figure 3 presents the heating filaments 16a and 16b of the effusion cell.
  • the filaments 16a and 16b are made of foil ribbons of tantalum metal and form two spiral coils which have been bifilarly wound together.
  • every second round of the coils belongs to the filament 16a and every other round of the coils belongs to the filament 16b.
  • Bifilarly wound filaments create no disturbing magnetic field when electric current is lead to the coils because two opposite coils compensate their dipole fields.
  • the both filaments 16a and 16b have been joined to the hot ring 14 also made of foil material.
  • the thickness of the hot ring 14 has been chosen so that the total connecting cross-sectional area in the ring is less than the cross-sectional area of the foil ribbon. Because the ring also acts as a resistor the consequence is that the ring 14 will be slightly hotter than the filament 16a or 16b itself. By this way the orifice of the crucible 27 will be at higher temperature compared to the rest of the crucible. Consequently this arrangement improves the beam quality.
  • FIG 4 is presented an enlarged section of the filament coil mounting in the effusion cell.
  • the both filaments 16a and 16b have been mounted to the grooves 35 between the steps 36 in the filament holder 20.
  • the figure 4 shows also very clearly the cross sectional form of the filament coil 16a.
  • the filament coil 16a is basically a flat stripe that has been wound to the coil so that the cross section is concave or arched. This form makes the filament coil 16a very stable against deformation in high temperatures.
  • the filament 16a is supported only by its edges. Because -the contact areas between the filament and the holder 20 are very small the heat transfer from the filament to the holder will also be minimized. To make sure that the filament 16a stays in its place the filament has been fitted to the groove 35. During the operation the filament grabs efficiently to the corners 38 because of the thermal expansion.
  • Figure 5 presents a cross section of the effusion cell.
  • the filament coil 16a is mounted inside the outer core 12 and inner core 13 of the cell.
  • the filament 16a is placed to the grooves 35 between the steps 36 in the filament holder 20.
  • Inside the filament coil 16a the crucible 27 is seen in the figure 5.

Abstract

The invention relates to effusion cell used in Molecular Beam and Chemical Beam Epitaxy systems. Effusion cell includes a crucible (27) for source material and a heater (16, 20) for heating the crucible. According to the invention the heater (16, 20) for the crucible (27) mainly consists of two coils (16a, 16b) made of thin foil ribbons which have been corrugated to make ribbon stiffer. The foil ribbon (16a, 16b) is concave or the cross section is arched. The ribbon is placed into the grooves (35) of a holder (20). At the end of the effusion cell the corrugated foil ribbons (16a, 16b) have been interconnected by a foil ring (14) with the connecting cross-sectional area less than the cross-sectional area of the foil ribbon.

Description

HEATER FOR AN EFFUSION CELL
Invention relates to effusion cell used in Molecular Beam and Cheiϊiical Bean* EpiLaxy jyste-ns including a crucible for 'source material and a heater for heating the crucible.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) is a thin film growth process in which one or e thenr-a-i. beϋ s of atoms or molecules, emanating from solid or liquid source materials, react on the surface of a substrate to form a film. The substrate is held at elevated temperature under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The substrate determines the crystallinity and orientation of the grown layer. The deposition rate is typically one micrometer per hour with thickness control of tenths of a monolayer and with purity levels of better than ten parts per million. Predetermined doping and compositional profiles can be fabricated in a layer-by- layer manner, with device-quality minority and majority carrier characteristics.
Chemical Beam Epitaxy (CBE) also belongs to the epitaxial technology. In CBE the solid sources employed in conventional MBE are replaced by gaseous sources. Thus CBE combines features of MBE and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Being an ultra high vacuum (UHV) technique, CBE possesses the molecular beam nature and the use of all-vapor source simultaneously. Therefore it provides extraordinary versatility in the growth of layered semiconductor systems while permitting the use of phosphorus. CBE has been proven to grow very high quality GalnAsP/InP, one of the most important semiconductor heterostructures practically unattainable by MBE.
The Molecular Beam methods have matured to the point that they are being seriously considered for industrial production of device structures. Semiconductor device fabrication plants will need high throughput systems capable of growing large-area wafers in batches. Molecular Beam Epitaxy and Chemical Beam Epitaxy systems require ultra high vacuum conditions and equipment of very high quality. However the question of extreme purity is always a problem in all vacuum chamber systems when emanating from solid, liquid or gaseous sources.
To provide a molecular beam of very high purity in the Molecular Beam Epitaxy the Knudsen-type effusion cell is used in the vacuum chamber. For evaporation of solid materials a high temperature is needed and exact temperature stability control is necessary. However especially in effusion cells the high temperatures might cause troubles because in the temperature range up to 1600°C impurities from the cell construction might mix with the molecular beams.
In the Knudsen-type effusion cells the heating of the source material is obtained by different kinds of heating elements. Well-known is an effusion cell where the resistor filament line goes from one end of the cell to another end and back again mainly in the direction of the tubular cell. This kind of resistor is very sensitive to the deformation in high temperatures because of the thermal strain.
Another well-known heater resistor in the effusion cell is a double coil made of wire. The double coil arrangement is the only possibility to prevent the magnetic field effect achieved by this kind of coil. It is because two coils can be made to effect to the opposite directions and so to compensate the dipole fields of the two coils.
However the thin wire coil gives unbalanced heat transmission distribution from the resistor to the crucible. Therefore the temperature difference between the resistor and the outer level of the crucible is remarkably high. The consequence of that situation is that high temperature resistor coil easily causes impurities in to the molecular beam. The purpose of this invention is to provide a new effusion ceil for Molecular and Cnemical Beam Epitaxy. According to the invention the heater for the crucible mainly consists of two coils made of thin foil ribbons which have been corrugated to make ribbon stiffer.
The benefit of this kind of heater is that the corrugated foil ribbon is mechanically stiff and stable. The heat transmission distribution from the resistor to the crucible is good because the thin foil can cover nearly the whole surface area of the effusion cell. Thus the temperature difference between the resistor and the crucible is insignificant causing almost no impurities in the molecular beam.
The preferred embodiment on the invention is described in the drawings, where
Figure 1 presents a sectional view of the effusion cell. Figure 2 presents the section II-II of the figure 1. Figure 3 presents the heating filaments of the effusion cell. Figure 4 presents an enlarged section of the filament mounting in the effusion cell. Figure 5 presents a cross section V-V of the effusion cell.
The effusion cell in figure 1 is mainly comprised of the supporting structure, means for holding solid sources for emanating and means for heating the solid source. The supporting structure comprises the feedthrough 1, the flange 2, the base rod 3, outer core 12 and inner core 13. Inside the tube formed cores 12 and 13 there is the crucible 27 for holding solid sources to be emanated surrounded by the heating filaments 16a and 16b.
The heating filaments 16a and 16b are resistors which are made of foil ribbons and connected to the electric power source by the current leads 17a and 17b. Electric current is brought through the flange 2 by cords 29a and 29b which have been attached to the connectors 19a and 19b by screws 18a and 18b.
The effusion cell has a four point connecting plug 30 with two tags 31 for the heating filaments and two tags 32 for the thermoelement. In another sectional view of the effusion cell in the figure 2 the thermoelements 9a and 9b are seen. Thermoelements 9a and 9b measure the temperature of the crucible 27 and they are connected to the tags 32 by cords 33a and 33b.
The figure 3 presents the heating filaments 16a and 16b of the effusion cell. The filaments 16a and 16b are made of foil ribbons of tantalum metal and form two spiral coils which have been bifilarly wound together. In the figure 3 it can be seen that every second round of the coils belongs to the filament 16a and every other round of the coils belongs to the filament 16b. Bifilarly wound filaments create no disturbing magnetic field when electric current is lead to the coils because two opposite coils compensate their dipole fields.
At the end of the heater the both filaments 16a and 16b have been joined to the hot ring 14 also made of foil material. The thickness of the hot ring 14 has been chosen so that the total connecting cross-sectional area in the ring is less than the cross-sectional area of the foil ribbon. Because the ring also acts as a resistor the consequence is that the ring 14 will be slightly hotter than the filament 16a or 16b itself. By this way the orifice of the crucible 27 will be at higher temperature compared to the rest of the crucible. Consequently this arrangement improves the beam quality.
In the figure 4 is presented an enlarged section of the filament coil mounting in the effusion cell. The both filaments 16a and 16b have been mounted to the grooves 35 between the steps 36 in the filament holder 20. The figure 4 shows also very clearly the cross sectional form of the filament coil 16a. The filament coil 16a is basically a flat stripe that has been wound to the coil so that the cross section is concave or arched. This form makes the filament coil 16a very stable against deformation in high temperatures.
Another advantage of the concave form of the filament 16a arise from that the filament 16a is supported only by its edges. Because -the contact areas between the filament and the holder 20 are very small the heat transfer from the filament to the holder will also be minimized. To make sure that the filament 16a stays in its place the filament has been fitted to the groove 35. During the operation the filament grabs efficiently to the corners 38 because of the thermal expansion.
Figure 5 presents a cross section of the effusion cell. The filament coil 16a is mounted inside the outer core 12 and inner core 13 of the cell. The filament 16a is placed to the grooves 35 between the steps 36 in the filament holder 20. Inside the filament coil 16a the crucible 27 is seen in the figure 5.

Claims

1. Effusion cell used in Molecular Beam and Chemical Beam Epitaxy systems including a crucible (27) for source material and a heater (16, 20) for heating the crucible, characterized in that the heater (16, 20) for the crucible (27) mainly consists of two coils (16a, 16b) made of thin foil ribbons which have been corrugated to make ribbon stiffer.
2. Effusion cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the foil ribbon (16a, 16b) is concave.
3. Effusion cell according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the cross section of the foil ribbon (16a, 16b) is arched.
4. Effusion cell according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the corrugated foil ribbon (16a, 16b) in the effusion cell is placed in to the grooves (35) of a holder (20) so that the foil ribbon is supported by its edges (37).
5. Effusion cell according to claim 4, characterized in that the edges (37) of the corrugated foil ribbon (16a, 16b) are supported by the corners (38) of the grooves (35) in the holder (20).
6. Effusion cell according to any of the claims 1-5, characterized in that at the end of the effusion cell the corrugated foil ribbons (16a, 16b) have been interconnected by a foil ring (14) with the total connecting cross- sectional area less than the cross-sectional area of the foil ribbon.
PCT/FI1990/000201 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell WO1992003588A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002090730A CA2090730A1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell
PCT/FI1990/000201 WO1992003588A1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell
EP90912353A EP0547048B1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell
DE69021219T DE69021219T2 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 HEATING FOR EFFUSION CELL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002090730A CA2090730A1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell
PCT/FI1990/000201 WO1992003588A1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992003588A1 true WO1992003588A1 (en) 1992-03-05

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FI1990/000201 WO1992003588A1 (en) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Heater for an effusion cell

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1992003588A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0581496A2 (en) * 1992-07-20 1994-02-02 Intevac, Inc. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) effusion source utilizing heaters to achieve temperature gradients
WO2001027363A1 (en) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Abb Research Ltd. A device and a method for heat treatment of an object in a susceptor
US6521047B1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2003-02-18 Joint Industrial Processors For Electronics Process and apparatus for liquid delivery into a chemical vapor deposition chamber
FR2878863A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-09 Addon Sa VACUUM DEPOSITION DEVICE WITH RECHARGEABLE RESERVOIR AND CORRESPONDING VACUUM DEPOSITION METHOD.

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE876875C (en) * 1951-08-17 1953-05-18 Heraeus Gmbh W C Electric resistance heating element
GB1076297A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-07-19 Gen Electric Vaporizer filament
DE1925033A1 (en) * 1968-05-18 1969-11-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Electric heating element
DE1921938A1 (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-11-05 American Packaging Corp Radiator
DE2608510A1 (en) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-08 Dov Z Glucksman Tubular heating element with tape shaped resistor - has air blown over resistor tape wound along cross shaped former inside tube
EP0122088A1 (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-17 Vg Instruments Group Limited Improvements in or relating to sources used in molecular beam epitaxy
DE3601010A1 (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-07-16 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh DEVICE FOR PARTLY COATING THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF LAMP BULBS
EP0249516A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-12-16 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Cell for epitaxial growth by molecular jets, and associated process

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE876875C (en) * 1951-08-17 1953-05-18 Heraeus Gmbh W C Electric resistance heating element
GB1076297A (en) * 1964-09-11 1967-07-19 Gen Electric Vaporizer filament
DE1921938A1 (en) * 1968-05-03 1970-11-05 American Packaging Corp Radiator
DE1925033A1 (en) * 1968-05-18 1969-11-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Electric heating element
DE2608510A1 (en) * 1976-03-02 1977-09-08 Dov Z Glucksman Tubular heating element with tape shaped resistor - has air blown over resistor tape wound along cross shaped former inside tube
EP0122088A1 (en) * 1983-03-30 1984-10-17 Vg Instruments Group Limited Improvements in or relating to sources used in molecular beam epitaxy
DE3601010A1 (en) * 1986-01-15 1987-07-16 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh DEVICE FOR PARTLY COATING THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF LAMP BULBS
EP0249516A1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-12-16 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Cell for epitaxial growth by molecular jets, and associated process

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 10, No. 63, C332, Abstract of JP 60200895, publ 1985-10-11 (KOGYO GIJUTSUIN). *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0581496A2 (en) * 1992-07-20 1994-02-02 Intevac, Inc. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) effusion source utilizing heaters to achieve temperature gradients
EP0581496A3 (en) * 1992-07-20 1994-06-22 Intevac Inc Molecular beam epitaxy (mbe) effusion source utilizing heaters to achieve temperature gradients
WO2001027363A1 (en) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Abb Research Ltd. A device and a method for heat treatment of an object in a susceptor
US6481368B1 (en) 1999-10-13 2002-11-19 Abb Research Ltd Device and a method for heat treatment of an object in a susceptor
US6521047B1 (en) * 1999-11-08 2003-02-18 Joint Industrial Processors For Electronics Process and apparatus for liquid delivery into a chemical vapor deposition chamber
FR2878863A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-09 Addon Sa VACUUM DEPOSITION DEVICE WITH RECHARGEABLE RESERVOIR AND CORRESPONDING VACUUM DEPOSITION METHOD.
WO2006061517A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-15 Addon Device for vacuum deposition with recharging reservoir and corresponding vacuum deposition method

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