WO1992002156A1 - Cleat with reinforced spike - Google Patents

Cleat with reinforced spike Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992002156A1
WO1992002156A1 PCT/US1991/005491 US9105491W WO9202156A1 WO 1992002156 A1 WO1992002156 A1 WO 1992002156A1 US 9105491 W US9105491 W US 9105491W WO 9202156 A1 WO9202156 A1 WO 9202156A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tip
cleat
terminus
spike
comprised
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/005491
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ralph C. Fox
Arthur R. St. Denis
Armand J. Savoie
Original Assignee
Macneil Engineering Company, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Macneil Engineering Company, Inc. filed Critical Macneil Engineering Company, Inc.
Publication of WO1992002156A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992002156A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
    • A43C15/00—Non-skid devices or attachments
    • A43C15/16—Studs or cleats for football or like boots
    • A43C15/162—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape
    • A43C15/164—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section
    • A43C15/165—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section pointed or conical, e.g. calks, spikes, pins

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved traction cleat with a reinforced spike, which improves considerably the strength and durability of the cleat.
  • Spikes have been constructed of carbide to make them more durable, however the cost is prohibitively high, and the spikes tend to shatter because of brittleness.
  • Spikes have been constructed with an inner cylinder of carbide and an outer layer of steel; however, the steel tends to wear away, causing the core of carbide to fall out.
  • hard material has been used to increase the strength and durability of saw edges; however, spheres of hard material have not been used to enhance the strength and durability of the spikes of golf cleats.
  • the present invention provides a reinfored cleat comprising: (i) a base for affixing the cleat to a shoe; (ii) a gripping member, made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus; and (iii) a tip, made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member, at the terminus thereof, said second material being harder than the first material.
  • the tip is spherical and made of carbide or ceramic or other alloy. Reinforcement of the cleat, using the methods of the invention, greatly improves both the strength and durability of the spike.
  • a method for constructing a reinforced cleat according to the present invention may include the steps of:
  • the tip is a metallic ball coated with a thin layer of electrolytic material and the tip is attached to the spike by means of resistance welding.
  • the tip is a non-ferrous ball and is attached to the spike by means of vacuum brazing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a reinforced cleat spike according to the invention, wherein, at the terminus of the spike, a sphere of hard material is bonded.
  • Fig. 2 shows a reinforced traction cleat according to the invention, wherein a drill hole for containing bonding materials has been constructed at the terminus of the spike.
  • a reinforced cleat is described (as illustrated in Fig. 1) comprised of: a base (1) for affixing the cleat to the shoe; a gripping member (2), made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus (3) ; and a tip (4) , made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member (2) at the terminus thereof (3) , said second material being harder than the first material.
  • the reinforced cleat may be constructed (as shown in Fig.
  • a cleat may be provided wherein, at the terminus of the gripping member, or spike, a sphere of hard material is bonded.
  • the sphere may be constructed of a material such as carbide or ceramic, or other alloy. Reinforcement of the cleat by the bonding of a sphere of hard material to the tip of the spike, according to the invention, greatly improves the strength and durability of the cleat.
  • the advantage of using a small sphere at the end of the spike instead of constructing the spike entirely of a hard material is that a small sphere of a material such as carbide or ceramic is far less expensive to construct than if the entire body of the gripping member, or spike, were constructed of the more durable and expensive material, such as carbide or ceramic.
  • bonding a small sphere of a hard material, such as carbide or ceramic, or other alloy, to the tip of the spike dramatically increases the strength and durability of the spike, even more effectively than if the entire spike is composed of the hard material.
  • the carbide or ceramic is less likely to shatter because it is formed into a sphere.
  • the sphere of hard material may be constructed and bonded to the spike in a variety of ways. Both ceramic and carbide spheres may be vacuum brazed. Ceramic, however, cannot be brazed in air. An atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium or a vacuum is required. Commercially available brazing materials consisting of titanium hydrate mixed with pure silver and pure copper are required for ceramics. Carbide balls may be coated with an electrolytic material and either resistance welded or brazed. A preferred diameter of carbide spheres is 0.093" while that of ceramic is 3 mm or 0.118". If the diameter is too big, it will tear the golf course green, and if the diameter is too small, it will weaken the spikes. It is preferred that the terminus of the spike be slightly indented as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a concave terminus enhances the bonding of the ball to the spike.
  • the recess also permits the ball to remain on the terminus during the bonding process.
  • a conical indentation may also be used.
  • One method of manufacturing cleats according to the present invention involves resistance welding of carbide balls onto the spikes.
  • Carbide balls are coated with an electrolytic material, e.g. nickel, and welded at a temperature of 1400°C. The ball is pushed into the molten tip of the spike during the welding cycle. By this process the coated carbide ball may be attached to the spike.
  • a second method involves vacuum brazing carbide or ceramic ball inserts onto the spikes.
  • balls of a nonferrous material such as carbide or ceramic may be attached to the tip of a steel spike.
  • a commercially available brazing material consisting of titanium hydrate mixed with pure silver and pure copper is preferred. Flux is not needed; instead the brazing material may be applied to the terminus and the ball placed on top of the paste.
  • a graphite plate, containing the spikes, is placed in a furnace of 8 ft. 3 and then pumped down to -4 to -5 Torr. The spikes may then be heated to 800°C for approximately 1.5 hours then cooled over approximately 2 hours. Automatic cycling can be set up for continual brazing of the spikes.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

A reinforced cleat is provided wherein the cleat is comprised of a base for affixing the cleat to a shoe; a gripping member, made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus; and a tip, made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member, at the terminus thereof, said second material being harder than the first material. This method of reinforcement greatly improves both the strength and durability of the cleat.

Description

CLEAT WITH REINFORCED SPIKE
Technical Field
This invention relates to an improved traction cleat with a reinforced spike, which improves considerably the strength and durability of the cleat.
Background Art In the prior art, there have been several methods used for the reinforcement of the spikes of cleats. Spikes have been constructed of carbide to make them more durable, however the cost is prohibitively high, and the spikes tend to shatter because of brittleness. Spikes have been constructed with an inner cylinder of carbide and an outer layer of steel; however, the steel tends to wear away, causing the core of carbide to fall out. In the prior art, hard material has been used to increase the strength and durability of saw edges; however, spheres of hard material have not been used to enhance the strength and durability of the spikes of golf cleats.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a reinfored cleat comprising: (i) a base for affixing the cleat to a shoe; (ii) a gripping member, made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus; and (iii) a tip, made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member, at the terminus thereof, said second material being harder than the first material. In a preferred embodiment, the tip is spherical and made of carbide or ceramic or other alloy. Reinforcement of the cleat, using the methods of the invention, greatly improves both the strength and durability of the spike.
A method for constructing a reinforced cleat according to the present invention may include the steps of:
(i) providing a spike made of a first material, and (ii) affixing to a terminus of the spike a tip made of a material that is harder than the first material. In one preferred embodiment of this method, the tip is a metallic ball coated with a thin layer of electrolytic material and the tip is attached to the spike by means of resistance welding. In another preferred embodiment of this method, the tip is a non-ferrous ball and is attached to the spike by means of vacuum brazing.
Brief Description of the Drawings The foregoing invention will be more readily understood by reference to the following detailed description taken with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 shows a reinforced cleat spike according to the invention, wherein, at the terminus of the spike, a sphere of hard material is bonded.
Fig. 2 shows a reinforced traction cleat according to the invention, wherein a drill hole for containing bonding materials has been constructed at the terminus of the spike. Description of Specific Embodiments In the present invention, a reinforced cleat is described (as illustrated in Fig. 1) comprised of: a base (1) for affixing the cleat to the shoe; a gripping member (2), made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus (3) ; and a tip (4) , made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member (2) at the terminus thereof (3) , said second material being harder than the first material. In another embodiment, the reinforced cleat may be constructed (as shown in Fig. 2) with a drill hole (5) in the gripping member which may contain bonding materials for attaching the tip (4) to the gripping member (2). In one embodiment, a cleat may be provided wherein, at the terminus of the gripping member, or spike, a sphere of hard material is bonded. The sphere may be constructed of a material such as carbide or ceramic, or other alloy. Reinforcement of the cleat by the bonding of a sphere of hard material to the tip of the spike, according to the invention, greatly improves the strength and durability of the cleat. The advantage of using a small sphere at the end of the spike instead of constructing the spike entirely of a hard material is that a small sphere of a material such as carbide or ceramic is far less expensive to construct than if the entire body of the gripping member, or spike, were constructed of the more durable and expensive material, such as carbide or ceramic. In addition, bonding a small sphere of a hard material, such as carbide or ceramic, or other alloy, to the tip of the spike, dramatically increases the strength and durability of the spike, even more effectively than if the entire spike is composed of the hard material. The carbide or ceramic is less likely to shatter because it is formed into a sphere. Thus the bonding of a sphere of hard material to the tip of a cleat spike is a cost effective process for utilizing the additional strength and quality of an expensive but strong material, because less material is required, and a very marked improvement in the strength and durability of the cleat is obtained.
The sphere of hard material may be constructed and bonded to the spike in a variety of ways. Both ceramic and carbide spheres may be vacuum brazed. Ceramic, however, cannot be brazed in air. An atmosphere such as nitrogen, helium or a vacuum is required. Commercially available brazing materials consisting of titanium hydrate mixed with pure silver and pure copper are required for ceramics. Carbide balls may be coated with an electrolytic material and either resistance welded or brazed. A preferred diameter of carbide spheres is 0.093" while that of ceramic is 3 mm or 0.118". If the diameter is too big, it will tear the golf course green, and if the diameter is too small, it will weaken the spikes. It is preferred that the terminus of the spike be slightly indented as shown in Fig. 1. A concave terminus enhances the bonding of the ball to the spike. The recess also permits the ball to remain on the terminus during the bonding process. Instead of the spherical concave indentation at the terminus shown in Fig. 1, a conical indentation may also be used.
The results of measured blow impact tests on cleat spikes, having a sphere of a hard material bonded to the tip thereof, show that the reinforced tips of the invention greatly resist becoming damaged upon impact. In another test, a shoe was constructed with cleat spikes of the prior art as well as the reinforced spikes of the present invention, and it was found that the spikes of the present invention lasted considerably longer than those of the prio art, therefore requiring replacement far less frequently. It was also found that the reinforced cleat spikes of the invention help prevent tearing up the golf green and tearin up the carpets in club houses because unlike prior art cleats the ball on the cleat of the invention prevents the cleat from catching on the green or piercing into the carpet. Therefore, the reinforced cleats of the invention are more practical and durable than those of the prior art. One method of manufacturing cleats according to the present invention involves resistance welding of carbide balls onto the spikes. Carbide balls are coated with an electrolytic material, e.g. nickel, and welded at a temperature of 1400°C. The ball is pushed into the molten tip of the spike during the welding cycle. By this process the coated carbide ball may be attached to the spike.
A second method involves vacuum brazing carbide or ceramic ball inserts onto the spikes. By the process of vacuum brazing, balls of a nonferrous material such as carbide or ceramic may be attached to the tip of a steel spike. A commercially available brazing material consisting of titanium hydrate mixed with pure silver and pure copper is preferred. Flux is not needed; instead the brazing material may be applied to the terminus and the ball placed on top of the paste. A graphite plate, containing the spikes, is placed in a furnace of 8 ft.3 and then pumped down to -4 to -5 Torr. The spikes may then be heated to 800°C for approximately 1.5 hours then cooled over approximately 2 hours. Automatic cycling can be set up for continual brazing of the spikes.

Claims

What is claimed is:
1. A reinforced cleat comprising:
(i) a base for affixing the cleat to a shoe; (ii) a gripping member, made of a first material, affixed to the base, and having a terminus; and
(iii) a tip, made of a second material, affixed to the gripping member, at the terminus thereof, said second material being harder than the first material.
2. A traction cleat according to claim 1, wherein the tip is spherical.
3. A traction cleat according to claim 1, wherein the tip is comprised of ceramic.
4. A traction cleat according to claim 3, wherein the tip is spherical.
5. A traction cleat according to claim 1, wherein the tip is comprised of carbide.
6. A traction cleat according to claim 5, wherein the tip is spherical.
7. A method for construction of a reinforced traction cleat comprising:
(i) providing a spike made of a first material, and having a terminus; and (ii) affixing to the terminus of the gripping member, a tip, made of a second material, said second material being harder than the first material.
8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the tip in step (ii) is comprised of carbide.
9. A method according to claim 7, wherein the tip in step (ii) is comprised of ceramic.
10. A method according to claim 7, wherein, in step (ii):
(a) the tip is made of a hard material, and is coated with a thin layer of electrolytic material; and
(b) the tip is attached to the terminus of the gripping member by means of resistance welding.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the tip is comprised of metal.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the tip i comprised of carbide.
13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the tip i spherical.
14. A method according to claim 12, wherein the tip i spherical.
15. A method according to claim 7, wherein, in step
(ϋ):
(a) the tip is comprised of a non-ferrous sphere; and (b) the tip is attached to the terminus of the spike by means of vacuum brazing.
16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the vacuu brazing material used is comprised of a mixture of titanium hydrate and pure silver and copper.
PCT/US1991/005491 1990-08-01 1991-08-01 Cleat with reinforced spike WO1992002156A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56060190A 1990-08-01 1990-08-01
US560,601 1990-08-01

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992002156A1 true WO1992002156A1 (en) 1992-02-20

Family

ID=24238496

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1991/005491 WO1992002156A1 (en) 1990-08-01 1991-08-01 Cleat with reinforced spike

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AU (1) AU8497791A (en)
WO (1) WO1992002156A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993012686A2 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-07-08 Trisport Limited Studs for footwear

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552043A (en) * 1969-05-01 1971-01-05 Louis J Moffa Wear-resisting spikes for shoes
GB1277684A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-06-14 Murex Ltd Footwear studs
US3766670A (en) * 1971-07-26 1973-10-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries Spike for shoes and a method for manufacturing thereof
US3828364A (en) * 1973-08-29 1974-08-13 Miyata Metallic Mfg Calk for golf shoes
GB1473967A (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-05-18 Eriksson A Non-replaceable spike for shoes

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3552043A (en) * 1969-05-01 1971-01-05 Louis J Moffa Wear-resisting spikes for shoes
GB1277684A (en) * 1970-04-08 1972-06-14 Murex Ltd Footwear studs
US3766670A (en) * 1971-07-26 1973-10-23 Sumitomo Electric Industries Spike for shoes and a method for manufacturing thereof
US3828364A (en) * 1973-08-29 1974-08-13 Miyata Metallic Mfg Calk for golf shoes
GB1473967A (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-05-18 Eriksson A Non-replaceable spike for shoes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993012686A2 (en) * 1991-12-23 1993-07-08 Trisport Limited Studs for footwear
WO1993012686A3 (en) * 1991-12-23 1994-02-03 Trisport Ltd Studs for footwear

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU8497791A (en) 1992-03-02

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