WO1992001027A1 - Water-based edge-padding adhesive composition that is low in volatile organic compounds - Google Patents
Water-based edge-padding adhesive composition that is low in volatile organic compounds Download PDFInfo
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- WO1992001027A1 WO1992001027A1 PCT/US1991/004760 US9104760W WO9201027A1 WO 1992001027 A1 WO1992001027 A1 WO 1992001027A1 US 9104760 W US9104760 W US 9104760W WO 9201027 A1 WO9201027 A1 WO 9201027A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J133/24—Homopolymers or copolymers of amides or imides
- C09J133/26—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylamide or methacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
Definitions
- the invention concerns water-based adhesive compositions used for adhesively edge-padding stacks of collated paper, especially carbonless or no-carbon required (ncr) copy paper, so that upon being fanned-out a stack spontaneously separates into individual form-sets, each set being adhesively bonded together at one edge.
- ncr no-carbon required
- invention is particularly concerned with providing edgepadding adhesives that do not release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere.
- VOCs volatile organic compounds
- Adhesive from the Fine Paper Division of Mead Paper Corp., Chillicothe, OH; and "Fan-out Padding Adhesive” from 3M Co., St. Paul, MN. Each of these is a water based adhesive composition.
- the first-named ingredient is a water-based latex adhesive polymer.
- the monohydric alcohol increases the rate of penetration and enhances drying.
- Each of the polyhydric alcohols, including sorbitol, has a Hansen Dispersion
- Solubility Parameter close to that of the polymer and thus may serve to plasticize the edge-padding adhesive.
- the ethyl alcohol and 1,2-propanediol volatilize, the latter quite slowly.
- volatile organic compounds have an airpolluting effect, and attempts have been made to regulate, via legislation, the amount of volatile matter that may be contained in articles of commerce.
- the term "volatile organic compounds” includes any compound having a vapor pressure above 0.02 torr at 25 °C. In addition, many of these volatile organic compounds are flammable. It would be desirous to provide adhesives that are both
- Appleton, and 3M are 112 °F (45 °C), 106 °F (41 °C), and 82 °F (28 °C), respectively.
- Materials with flash points between 0-99 °F (-18 to 38 °C) are classified as flammable.
- Materials with flash points between 100 °F and 199 °F (38 °C to 93 °C) are classified as combustible.
- Materials with flash points greater or equal to 200 °F (>93 °C) are non-regulated.
- Edge padding adhesives have previously been used to join multiple sets of carbonless paper.
- Commercially available edge padding adhesives are typically tailored for the particular chemistry of one brand of carbonless paper, and have relied on the incorporation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) to achieve penetration and rapid drying of the adhesive.
- VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds
- edge padding adhesive that will provide adequate adhesion levels in a short time so that the paper can be handled without delay by the pad manufacturer; Additionally, the adhesive composition ideally will be essentially universal, so that it may be used effectively on multiple brands of carbonless paper.
- An edge-padding adhesive having a VOC content of less than 250 grams per liter less water and less exempt solvents. This edge-padding adhesive comprises by weight
- a water-dispersible transport agent comprising at least one poly(alkyleneoxide) mono-alkyl ether having alkyl groups of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and alkylene groups of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and c) water.
- a volatile organic compound is any volatile organic material having a vapor pressure at 20°C greater than 0.1 Torr
- Exempt solvents for purposes of the present invention are methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, ammonium carbonate, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, trifluoromethane (FC-23), trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC12), trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (CFC-114), and chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115).
- VOC(g/L) wt of VC(g)-wt water (g)-wt exempt solvents (g) vol total (1)-vol water(1)-vol exempt solvents (1)
- wt of VC(g) is the total weight of volatile compounds in grams
- wt water(g) is the weight of water in the material in grams
- wt exempt solvents (g) is the weight of exempt solvents in grams
- vol total (1) is the total volume of the material in liters
- vol water(1) is the volume of water in liters and
- vol exempt solvents (1) is the volume of exempt solvents in liters.
- the composition contains a much lower proportion of volatile organic compounds as compared to prior edgepadding adhesive compositions for carbonless copy paper.
- prior water-based adhesive compositions for fan-apart edge padding of carbonless copy paper relied on volatile alcohols to carry the adhesives between the sheets of paper, it is surprising that in the absence of major amounts of a volatile alcohol, any water-based adhesive composition could provide a satisfactory edge padding for carbonless copy paper.
- a method of adhesively edge padding a stack of sets of collated carbonless copy paper sheets to permit the stack to be fanned apart into individual sets comprises the steps of
- solvents which comprises by weight:
- water-based latex adhesive polymer b) from 0.5 to 15% of a water-dispersible transport agent comprising at least one poly(alkyleneoxide) mono-alkyl ether having alkyl groups of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and alkylene groups of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and c) water, and
- Figure 1 schematically indicates in cross section the edge padding of a stack of sets of collated sheets of carbonless copy paper, which stack upon fanning separates into individual sheets.
- Carbonless impact marking papers for the transfer of images i.e., carbonless papers
- Carbonless impact marking papers for the transfer of images generally involve coating one reactant, the color-former on one substrate, and the developer (the other reactant) on another, mating, substrate.
- Means for separating and preventing reaction of the two until intended, i.e., until activating pressure is applied, are also provided. This is typically accomplished by encapsulation of one of the reactants.
- the terms “encapsulation” and “encapsulated compounds” refer to microcapsules enclosing a fill material therewithin.
- the color-forming compounds that are contained or encapsulated in microcapsules on one sheet of paper.
- the reactant for the color-forming compound i.e., the developer, is carried on a mating sheet of paper.
- the microcapsules serve the purpose of isolating the reactants from one another (i.e., preventing reaction) until such time as pressure is applied to the paper for the purpose of creating an image.
- a carbonless paper construction comprises at least two substrates, for example two sheets of paper, each with one surface, or face, coated with one of the two primary reactants.
- the two substrates are generally referred to as a donor sheet and a receptor sheet.
- the encapsulated reactant is released and transferred from the donor sheet to the receptor sheet.
- the color-former and developer mix, a reaction between the previously separated reactants occurs, and an image forms on the receptor sheet.
- the resulting reaction will, of course, form a colored image corresponding to the path traveled by the stylus, or the pattern of pressure provided by the stylus or key.
- a preferred construction comprises the encapsulated color-formers dissolved in an appropriate solvent(s) within microcapsules and coated onto a back side of a donor sheet in a suitable binder.
- the back side of the donor sheet is sometimes referred to herein as a
- CB coated back
- the developer also optionally in a suitable binder, is coated onto a front side of a mating, or receptor sheet herein sometimes referred to as a “coated front” (CF) sheet.
- CF coated front
- the two sheets are positioned such that the back side of the donor sheet faces the developer coating on the front side of the receptor sheet.
- the capsules rupture and release the ligand for transfer to the receptor sheet, forming a colored pattern due to the reaction between the color-former and developer.
- activating pressure includes, but is not limited to, pressure applied by hand with a stylus or pressure applied by a business machine key, for example a typewriter key.
- Constructions comprising a first substrate surface, on which is coated the encapsulated color-former; and, a second substrate surface, on which is coated a developer; are often prepared.
- the coated first substrate surface is positioned within the construction in contact with the coated second substrate surfaces.
- Substrates with one surface on which is coated the encapsulated color-former, and a second, opposite, surface on which is coated a developer can be placed between the CF and CB sheets, in a construction involving a plurality of substrates.
- Such sheets are generally
- CFB sheets i.e., coated front and back sheets.
- each side including color-former thereon should be placed in juxtaposition with a sheet having developer thereon.
- CFB sheets are also typically used in form-sets. In some applications, multiple CFB sheets have been used in form-sets. These contain several intermediate sheets, each having a developer coating on one side and a coating with capsules of color-former on the opposite side.
- Form-sets prepared by collating from 2 to 8 sheets are common in the carbonless paper industry. Pads are often prepared by edge-padding or gluing the edges of a stack of form-sets. Each of the coated sheets in a formset is somewhat porous, and permits the adhesive to
- the capsules on a first sheet contain dithiooxamide (DTO) derivatives, and the mating sheet, sometimes referred to as the receptor sheet, contains a coating of selected salts of nickel.
- DTO dithiooxamide
- the encapsulated dithiooxamide ligands, in a suitable binder are coated onto one face of the donor sheet; and the metal salt, optionally in a suitable binder, is coated onto one face of the receptor sheet.
- suitable binder refers to a material, such as starch or latex, that allows for dispersion of the reactants in a coating on a substrate.
- a coordination complex forms and an image results.
- the image forms on the receptor sheet.
- the image results from the reaction between an encapsulated leuco dye color-former and an acid developer.
- the capsules on the back side of donor sheet comprise leuco dye color-formers such as crystal violet lactone, 3,3-bis(1-ethyl-2-methylindolyl)-3-phthalide, 3-N,N-diethylamino-7-N,N ⁇
- the developer usually contained on a receptor sheet, comprises an acidic material such as .sheets coated with an acidic clay, a phenolic, or a similar reagent, optionally in a suitable binder, to convert the colorless precursor to its colored form.
- an acidic material such as .sheets coated with an acidic clay, a phenolic, or a similar reagent, optionally in a suitable binder, to convert the colorless precursor to its colored form.
- imaging as with a pen, pencil, hand-held stylus, or typical business machine key pressure results in contact between the two coated faces such that the leuco-dye color-former and acid developer combine and react to form the colored image.
- this occurs by transfer of the leuco-dye color-former to the site of the acid developer, i.e., transfer of from the donor sheet to the receptor sheet.
- the image forms on the receptor sheet.
- Carbonless copy paper form-sets often have a coating (as for example a fluorocarbon coating) on at least one of the outer faces of each form-set.
- Fluorocarbon coatings provide low adhesion properties to the said outer faces and promote the !•fan-out properties" in the edge padding.
- at least one of the outer faces of each form- set typically has been treated with a silicone,
- edge-padding adhesive acts as a release agent for the edge-padding adhesive and can allow the adhesively edge-padded stack to "fan-out” or “fan-apart” and separate into individual form-sets upon fanning, assuming that the edge-padding adhesive is not so thick as to create bridges that would inhibit such
- “Fan-out” is a method of separating a stack or pad of multiple form-sets into individual sets.
- One method of “fanning-out” or “fanning-apart” a stack of collated sheets involves gripping the edge-padded end of the stack with one hand and the unpadded and with the other, and bending the stack into a "U" shape. While holding the stack horizontally, the padded end is released and allowed to droop downward. This provides enough stress on the adhesive to separate the pad or stack into individual sets.
- novel adhesives of this invention are useful for the padding of carbonless papers using either
- ligand/metal or leuco dye/acid imaging chemistry are useful for different grades of paper and papers having a wide variety of coatings and of light or heavy coating weights.
- the transport agent according to this invention comprise at least one poly(alkyleneoxide) mono-alkyl ether having alkyl groups of from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and alkylene groups of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the alkylene and alkyl groups may optionally be straight or branched carbon chains.
- the number of alkylene oxide moieties are preferably between 2 and 10, and more preferably between 2 and 4.
- Poly(alkyleneoxide) mono-alkyl ethers useful as transport agents include:
- Such compounds are commercially available under the trade name CarbitolTM from Union Carbide Corporation.
- CarbitolsTM are Butyl CarbitolTM, or diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and Hexyl CarbitolTM, or diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
- DiproposolTM is Butyl DiproposolTM, or di(1,2-propylene glycol) monobutyl ether.
- surfactants examples include the AlfonicTM
- Preferred surfactants are:
- AlfonicTM 610-50R This material is reported to be a mixture of mono-hexyl, octyl, and decyl ethers of poly(ethyleneoxide) having about 3 ethylene oxide units and to have the formula C n H 2n+10 (CH 2 CH 2 O) H where n is 6, 8, and 10 and p is about 3. It is a mixture of CAS registry numbers 31726-34-8, 27252-75-1, and 26183-52-8.
- AlfonicTM 810-60 This material is reported to be a mono-octyl and decyl ethers of poly (ethyleneoxide) having about 4.8 ethylene oxide units and to have the formula C n H 2n+10 (CH 2 CH 2 O) p H where n is 8, and 10 and p is about 5. It is a mixture of CAS registry numbers 27252-75-1 and 26183- 52-8.
- AlfonicTM 810-40 This material is reported to be a mixture of mono-hexyl, octyl, decyl, and dodecyl ethers of poly(ethyleneoxide) having about 2.5 ethyleneoxide units and to have the formula C n H 2n+10 (CH 2 CH 2 O) p H where n is 6, 8, 10, and 12 and p is between 2 and 3. It has a CAS registry number 68439-45-2.
- TergitolTM TMN 6 This material, also known as isolaureth-6, is believed to have the formula
- TergitolTM TMN 10 This material, also known as isolaureth-10, is believed to have the formula
- “WitconolTM” 1206 - This material is believed to be an alkyl polyoxyethyleneglycol ether and is understood to have long alkyl (hydrophobic) chains pendant from a polyalkyleneglycol (hydrophilic) backbone. Thus, this surfactant has hydrophobic alkyl groups at one end and hydrophilic hydroxyl and ether groups at the opposite end. Additional ingredients may be incorporated
- alkyl alcohols having at least 3 carbon atoms in their alkyl groups, and preferably from 4 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl alcohols preferably are monohydric, but can be polyhydric when all of the hydroxyls are at one end, e.g., 1,2-hexanediol.
- Preferred monohydric alcohols include 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 1-hexanol.
- the minimum amount of transport agent necessary to achieve the objectives of the invention differs for different transport agents.
- the amount of transport agent required to afford good bond strength of the adhesive is surprisingly larger than the amount of surfactant that would be required to afford good surface wetting of the adhesive.
- the amount of transport agent required could not be predicted by contact angle of the adhesive. In general, a transport agent level of 2-8% is preferred, but at levels above 10-15% by weight, the latex may destabilize.
- the transport agents incorporated in the present adhesives provide penetration enhancement between the carbonless sheets, and an enhanced binding effect of the adhesive to the coated papers.
- the inventive adhesives have specific utility for heavily coated sheets where microcapsules in binder have excess solvent available to disrupt the adhesion process. Such adhesion interference is typically noted where the pad edge is guillotined immediately before application of adhesive to provide a clean edge. This freshly cut pad necessarily includes cut and broken microcapsules, which have thereby released their solvents and color-forming agents. The transport agents apparently solvate these interfering materials and sweep them from the edge area of the pad to be adhered.
- the described adhesive is particularly used advantageously in a new and developing area of carbonless paper form preparation.
- businesses will be able in the future to custom-prepare their own carbonless form-sets to prepare forms of their own design in limited quantities.
- businesses may significantly reduce inventories of preprinted carbonless forms because they will have the ability to prepare their own on a short-term need basis.
- Such form-sets may be made by running plain carbonless stock paper through an electrophotographic process, such as a standard office photocopier, and binding the sets together using their own edge-padding adhesive.
- the process of photocopying on paper has been found to introduce contaminants on the paper in the form of copier oils, paper detritus, toner particles or combinations of these materials. The presence of the contaminants significantly interferes with edge padding adhesion.
- Volatile Organic Compounds are materials having a vapor pressure at 20°C greater than 0.1 Torr. More preferably, VOCs may be defined as having a vapor pressure greater than 0.02 Torr.
- the transport agent as delineated herein apparently does not adversely affect the integrity of the microcapsules to the extent of causing leakage of their contents.
- poly(alkylene oxide)mono-alkyl ethers with alkyl alcohols comprise at least 1-1.5% of the poly(alkylene
- alkyl alcohol component of such a transport agent mixture preferably comprises at least 0.4% alkyl alcohol as a percentage of the total adhesive.
- Alkyl alcohols appropriate for use preferably have between 3 and 8, and more preferably between 3 and 6, carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred transport agents are blends of poly(alkylene oxide)mono-alkyl ethers. More preferably, the transport agent is a blend of diethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers. Most preferably, the transport agent is a blend of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether.
- Preferred water-based latex adhesives are poly(styrene/butadiene) and poly(ethylacrylate/N- methylolacrylamide). Their use affords novel adhesive compositions that are highly resistant to destabilization and provide excellent adhesive values.
- Other useful waterbased latex adhesive polymers include poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinylidene chloride/butadiene/styrene), poly(ethylacrylate/methylacrylate), and poly(ethylacrylate).
- the water-based latex adhesive polymer When used for edge padding carbonless copy papers, it is preferred to employ less than about 18% by weight (dry basis) of the water-based latex adhesive polymer to ensure that the edge-padded stack separates into sets upon fanning. It also is preferred to employ more than 10% by weight of the water-based latex adhesive polymer to ensure adequate adhesion between individual sheets of the sets.
- the novel adhesive composition may contain small amounts of other ingredients, such as antioxidants, bactericides, and plasticizers.
- the composition preferably is a noncrystallizing modified sorbitol which is substantially nonvolatile and should have a substantially permanent plasticizing effect by staying with the dried adhesive.
- modified is meant sorbitol treated to render it noncrystalline). The presence of such a modified sorbitol has improved the versatility of the novel adhesive composition for use with different
- noncrystallizing modified sorbitol comprises from 0.5 to 1.25% by weight (dry basis) of the novel adhesive composition.
- Noncrystallizing forms of sorbitol are available as "Sorbo,” “Sorbo Special,” and “Arlex” from ICI Americas, Inc.
- the invention may be more easily understood in reference to the drawing, the single figure of which schematically indicates in cross section the edge padding of a stack of sets of collated sheets of carbonless copy paper, which stack upon fanning separates into individual sets.
- Shown in the drawing is a stack 10 of 4-part carbonless copy paper sheets including top sheets 11
- Each CB coating contains rupturable capsules which when ruptured release reagents to produce a color-changing reaction at the adjacent CF coating.
- the outer, uncoated faces of the top sheet 11 and bottom sheet 14 of each 4-part set have been treated with release agent 16 and 17, respectively.
- a flat plate (not shown) can been used to afford a smooth edge 18 to the stack 10. While compressing the edge 18 with a steel bar 19, a water-based adhesive composition 20 has been applied to the edge and has flowed into the stack to produce an adhesively edge-padded stack of the invention.
- Carbonless copy paper is often collated into sets as follows:
- Each CB coating contains rupturable capsules which, when ruptured, release reagents to produce a colorchanging reaction at the adjacent CF coating.
- the edge preferably is compressed by a weight during the edge-padding step.
- the amount of compression is not material as long as it is not so great as to rupture the reagent-containing capsules (preferably not more than about 50 psi (340 kPa)). When there are no capsules to rupture, there is no practical limit to the amount of compression.
- CB/CFB bonds are the bonds most likely to break upon fan-out or crash printing.
- the most stringent testing of the ability to form strong bonds between sheets is in 2-part sets (CB/CF) and in 4-part sets (CFB/CFB), rather than in 3-part sets.
- the quality of an edge-padding adhesive composition can be determined by two tests, one showing how readily a stack of collated sheets separates into sets (“Fan-Out Rating Test”) and the other showing the strength of the adhesive bond between individual sheets of a set (“Bond Strength Test”).
- the stack is first trimmed and the trimmed edge is compressed. Within 5 minutes, the edge is adhesively edge-padded unless otherwise specified and, while maintaining the compression, the edge-padding is allowed to dry overnight before testing.
- a stack of sets of collated sheets that has been edge-padded is tested for fan-out into sets as follows:
- step 5 While holding the stack as in step 4), fan with both thumbs three times wherever needed. If complete fan-out has been accomplished, rate as 1.5; if not, continue.
- rate as 0.5; if not, rate as 0.
- the strength of the adhesive bond between two individual sheets of a set of carbonless copy paper is tested using a tension measurement device, i.e., "Digital Force Gauge Model DFG RS-50" available from John Chatillon & Sons, Inc., Greensboro NC. With the unpadded end of one sheet in the clamp, the unpadded end of the other sheet is gripped by the thumb, fingers and palm of one hand and pulled slowly until the bond fails.
- a tension measurement device i.e., "Digital Force Gauge Model DFG RS-50" available from John Chatillon & Sons, Inc., Greensboro NC.
- An edgepadding adhesive composition was prepared having the formulation as described below as Adhesive Composition A. The results are shown in Table I. Testing was carried out using 2-part sets of "blue/purple” (b/p), and 4-part sets of "blue/purple” carbonless copy paper from 3M Co.
- Rhoplex HA-24 is a water-based poly(ethyl-acrylate/poly N-methylolacrylamide) latex adhesive polymer available from Rohm and Haas, Philadelphia. PA.
- edge-padding adhesive compositions were prepared having identical formulations except using different transport agents and amounts of transport agent.
- Table II reports the level of transport agent (wt%), and the "Bond Strength" using 2-part “blue/purple” (b/p) , "4-part blue purple”, 2-part ScotchmarkTM, or 4-part
- ScotchmarkTM carbonless copy-papers, all available from 3M Co.
- the CFB/CFB bond is the weakest bond.
- VOC Content (g/L) 0 0 0 0
- Edge-padding adhesive compositions were prepared having the formulation as described below, but varying the percentage of modified sorbitol. Component wt%
- the fan-out rating and bond strength results indicate that using carbitols as transport agents may eliminate the need for modified sorbitol.
- Testing was carried out using 2-part sets of "blue/purple” (b/p), 4-part sets of "blue/purple", 2-part ScotchmarkTM, or 4-part ScotchmarkTM, carbonless copy papers, all available from 3M Co.
- the CFB/CFB bond is the weakest bond and only CFB/CFB bond strengths were measured in 4-part sets.
- edge-padding adhesive compositions were prepared having the formulation as described below, but varying the percentage of hexanol.
- alkyl alcohols as described herein are volatile organic solvents.
- the amount of alkyl alcohol solvent to be incorporated must be strictly limited to satisfy VOC requirements.
- Adhesion values were comparable, within a standard deviation, even though the inventive adhesives do not contain substantial amounts of VOCs.
- acceptable adhesion values are greater than 10 Newtons.
- Rhoplex HA-24 latex dry weight
- Adhesive B Comp. Ad. C 2PT white CB 16.5 lb.
- Adhesive B Comp. Ad. C 2PT white CB 16.5 lb.
- Adhesive B Comp. Ad. C2PT white CB 20 lb.
- 38.4 29.9 canary CF 20 lb. 3PT white CB 20 lb.
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive E
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive E
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive E Black-Image Black-Image
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive D Black-Image Black-Image
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive D Black-Image Black-Image
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive E
- Adhesive B Comp. Adhesive D
- Adhesive B provided good adhesion on all the papers tested. Adhesive B either outperformed or equaled the adhesive strength (within standard deviation) of the prior art
- VOC-containing adhesives VOC-containing adhesives.
- Adhesive B worked extremely well on the Mead TransriteTM, NCR Black and NCR PerformTM carbonless papers. Greater adhesion and less rippling of form sets was
- Adhesion over time of Adhesive B and Comparative Adhesive C was evaluated.
- the adhesives were tested under two environmental conditions of controlled temperature and humidity. In the first set of conditions, the temperature was held at 23°C and 50% humidity, hereafter referred to as the "23-50" Room.” The second set of conditions was controlled to 27°C and 80% humidity, hereafter referred to as the "27-80
- Adhesive B is weaker in adhesional strength when compared to Comparative Adhesive C. At a one hour waiting time. Adhesive B is equal to, if not stronger than. Comparative Adhesive C. After one hour. Adhesive B is stronger for all bonds when compared to
- Adhesive B exhibits the same trend of lower adhesional strength when comparing to Comparative Adhesive C. After 1 to 2 hours. Adhesive B is essentially equal in adhesional strength when comparing to Comparative Adhesive C. There are slight variations between the two adhesives; however, all data are within standard deviation. 23-50 Room vs. 27-80 Room Conditions
- Comparative Adhesive C would have an overall increase in adhesional strength because of the 21% alcohol in solution. However, this is not the case. In both environmental conditions, the alcohol only seemed to improve the adhesion during the first hour of drying. After the one hour, both adhesives are approximately equal in adhesional strength.
- edge-padding adhesive compositions were prepared having the formulation as described below, but varying the percentage of Butyl Carbitol and Hexyl Carbitol.
- Rhoplex HA-24 latex 15.0 B indicated water balance
- Bond Strength is reported in TABLE VI. Butyl Carbitol in combination with Hexyl Carbitol provides superior adhesion levels than either component alone for two-part form-sets and for the CFB/CF bond. A solvation effect also appears to be taking place, wherein a minimum amount of Hexyl
- Carbitol is preferably present with a preponderance of Butyl Carbitol for most beneficial effect.
- edge-padding adhesive compositions were prepared having the formulation as described below, but varying the percentage of Butyl Carbitol and Hexanol.
- Bond Strength is reported in TABLE VII. Butyl Carbitol in combination with Hexanol provides superior adhesion levels than either component alone for two-part form-sets and for the CFB/CF bond. A solvation effect also appears to be taking place, wherein a minimum amount of Hexanol is preferably present with a preponderance of Butyl Carbitol for most beneficial effect.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3511960A JPH06504297A (en) | 1990-07-05 | 1991-07-03 | Water-based edge-padding adhesive compositions with low volatile organic compounds |
AU81067/91A AU651355B2 (en) | 1990-07-05 | 1991-07-03 | Water-based edge-padding adhesive composition that is low in volatile organic compounds |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54867690A | 1990-07-05 | 1990-07-05 | |
US548,676 | 1990-07-05 | ||
US07/715,597 | 1991-06-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1992001027A1 true WO1992001027A1 (en) | 1992-01-23 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1991/004760 WO1992001027A1 (en) | 1990-07-05 | 1991-07-03 | Water-based edge-padding adhesive composition that is low in volatile organic compounds |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0537245A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1992001027A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2413277A1 (en) * | 1973-03-22 | 1974-09-26 | Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd | PROCESS FOR GLUING PRINT-SENSITIVE COPY PAPER AND ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR IT |
US4217162A (en) * | 1978-07-26 | 1980-08-12 | Appleton Papers Inc. | Process for making form sets from carbonless copy paper sheets |
EP0382422A1 (en) * | 1989-02-07 | 1990-08-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesively edge-padding a stack of collated carbonless paper |
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1991
- 1991-07-03 WO PCT/US1991/004760 patent/WO1992001027A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-07-03 EP EP19910912492 patent/EP0537245A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2413277A1 (en) * | 1973-03-22 | 1974-09-26 | Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd | PROCESS FOR GLUING PRINT-SENSITIVE COPY PAPER AND ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR IT |
US4217162A (en) * | 1978-07-26 | 1980-08-12 | Appleton Papers Inc. | Process for making form sets from carbonless copy paper sheets |
EP0382422A1 (en) * | 1989-02-07 | 1990-08-16 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Adhesively edge-padding a stack of collated carbonless paper |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0537245A1 (en) | 1993-04-21 |
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