WO1992000160A1 - Dispositif et procede de pulverisation a arc a faisceau etroit - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede de pulverisation a arc a faisceau etroit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992000160A1
WO1992000160A1 PCT/US1991/004433 US9104433W WO9200160A1 WO 1992000160 A1 WO1992000160 A1 WO 1992000160A1 US 9104433 W US9104433 W US 9104433W WO 9200160 A1 WO9200160 A1 WO 9200160A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas stream
nozzle
arc
wires
axial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1991/004433
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harold B. Crapo, Iii
Brian J. Blades
William R. Kratochvil
Original Assignee
Tafa, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tafa, Inc. filed Critical Tafa, Inc.
Publication of WO1992000160A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992000160A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
    • B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
    • B23K9/29—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means
    • B23K9/291—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a gas
    • B23K9/295—Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means the shielding means being a gas using consumable electrode-wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3484—Convergent-divergent nozzles

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to arc spray devices, and, more particularly, to an arc spray gun providing a concentrated pattern of high velocity, small particulate, molten metal to form a metal coating on the desired surface of an object.
  • BACKGROUND Arc spray guns are well known in the art.
  • an electric arc is utilized to melt a metallic material so that the molten metal may be sprayed onto a surface, such as a steel plate or other object, in order to form a desirable coating on the surface.
  • a surface such as a steel plate or other object
  • two metal wires serve as consumable electrodes between which the electric arc is established.
  • compressed gas is injected into the arc zone region behind the metal wires. A compressed gas atomizes the molten metal created by the arc and propels the metal particulate onto the surface.
  • a conventional arc spray gun two metal wires are guided through the gun along respective paths.
  • the wires exit the gun at a location often referred to as the arc spray head.
  • the arc spray head includes the gun structure where the wires exit the gun and also may include the space near the actual gun structure.
  • An electrical potential difference established across the two wires causes an electric arc to occur between the wires at the area at which the wire paths intersect.
  • the heat generated by the arc melts the ends of the two wires, and a gas nozzle positioned at the arc spray head directly behind the intersection of the wire path directs a stream of high velocity gas which impinges upon and atomizes the molten metal.
  • the gas stream then carries the atomized metal particles, or droplets, away from the arc zone and propels them towards the surface to be coated.
  • Some arc spray guns have utilized a secondary gas stream to divert the atomized metal spray a certain angle in order to direct the spray into a small or confined area.
  • Other guns have employed a secondary gas stream interacting with the primary stream to provide somewhat controlled atomization and flow of the spray at least within the area of the arc spray head.
  • An example of the latter type of an electric arc spray gun is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,492,337 the disclosure of which is incorporated by this reference.
  • the arc spray head device of the present invention provides a separately controlled, high flow rate, secondary air supply which assists in the acceleration and collimation of the particulate spray stream, thus resulting in a more concentrated deposit pattern of higher velocity droplets.
  • the increase in the droplet velocity tends to cause the formation of smaller droplets which create a much finer surface coating, while the concentrated droplet pattern improves the uniformity of coating thickness and increases the percentage of material actually forming the coating versus material lost due to overspray and dust formation. Consequently, less material need be machined away.
  • a narrow beam arc spray head device includes a convergent-divergent nozzle; a number of wires the paths of which intersect at a point in the nozzle; means for supplying an electrical current to the wires so that an arc is formed between the wires causing a portion of at least one of the wires to melt; a primary axial gas stream impinging upon the wire path intersection to cause the molten metal to be carried axially away from the area of the intersection; and a secondary gas stream forming a conical sheath around the axial gas stream in the divergent portion of the nozzle; whereby the primary gas stream and the secondary gas stream emerge from the nozzle as coaxial gas streams thus tending to concentrate the flow of the molten metal carried by the coaxial streams.
  • an arc spray gun includes a nozzle having a divergent section; means for forming an arc within the nozzle for melting material intended to be sprayed on a surface; first propellant means for propelling the molten material through the nozzle in an axial direction; and second propellant means for forming a sheath around the molten material coaxial with the axial direction substantially the complete distance to the surface to be coated.
  • a method of coating a surface with a material includes the steps of melting the material in a nozzle; propelling the molten material through such nozzle in an axial direction; and, forming a gas sheath around the propelled molten material that is coaxial with the axial direction of the propelled molten material substantially the complete distance to the surface.
  • Figure 1 is a cutaway view of an electric arc spray gun employing the narrow beam arc spray head device of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a top cross-sectional view of the narrow beam arc spray head device taken along the cut 2-2 in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the spray head device
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle positioner of the narrow beam spray head device
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the air cap of the spray head device
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the arc nut of the spray head device
  • Figure 7 is an exploded isometric view of the arc nut, air cap, and short nozzle of the present invention.
  • FIG 8 is a graphical representation of the spray distribution for a standard electric arc spray head versus the narrow beam arc spray head of the present invention.
  • the arc spray gun 10 produces a controlled dispersion in the form of an atomized metal spray stream, the spreading or dispersing of which is controlled.
  • the atomized metal spray stream tends to have significantly higher particle velocities than that produced by conventional guns and as a result produces a denser, i.e., better, coating.
  • the spray gun 10 is generally assembled as is conventional, and typically would include a gun housing 14 which secures the spray head 12, a wire feed assembly 16 for continuously feeding the wires 18 to be consumed to form the spray coating to the spray head, suitable ducts and connections 20 and 21 for attachment to a source of compressed air, and electrical connections 22 for the supply of electrical power such as to create the arc between the wires 18.
  • the wire feed assembly 16 located at one end of the housing 14 functions to feed metal wires 18 at a constant rate or controlled variable rate through the housing 14 towards the arc spray head 12, which typically is at or toward the opposite . end of the gun housing 14.
  • the wires 18 are fed or advanced, they are guided along their respective paths which ultimately converge and intersect at a location near the outside of the structure of the arc spray head 12 in the area commonly referred to as the arc zone 24.
  • An electric potential difference supplied through the electrical connections 22 across wires 18 causes a current to flow and an arc to be created between the ends 26 of the wires 18 at the area where their paths intersect within the arc zone 24.
  • the arc generates enough heat in the arc zone 24 to cause the ends of the metal wires 18 to melt back a short distance.
  • the arc nay be viewed as a ball of ionized or superheated gas created by the current which arcs between the wire ends 26 which generates sufficient heat to melt the ends of the wires.
  • the resultant molten metal is atomized and propelled away from the arc head 12 by the action of a primary axial gas stream.
  • a secondary conical gas stream provides a conical sheath surrounding the primary gas stream.
  • the primary and secondary gas streams thus form coaxial streams which propel the molten metal droplets in an axial direction in a narrow, concentrated stream.
  • the action of the coaxial streams may be visualized as constraining the molten metal droplets within the center stream, thus resulting in a well collimated spray pattern.
  • portions of the wires that enter the zone at which the arc exists will be melted, for example, due to the heat in that arc zone.
  • Continued feeding of the wires into the arc zone results in continued melting of the fed wires.
  • the coaxial gas streams move molten material out from the arc zone and propels that material downstream, leaving space at the arc zone for subsequently melted material, which may be subsequently moved out from the arc zone by such coaxial gas stream.
  • the molten material referred to may be truly molten or liquid.
  • the molten material may be solid, but somewhat softened to enable disconnecting thereof from the respective wire to be propelled downstream by the axial gas stream.
  • the molten material may be plural droplets of liquid.
  • the molten material intended to be sprayed also may be or may include a material that converts from a solid to a gas, i.e., sublimes, such as may be the case for carbide particles.
  • the molten material still further, may be a material that converts from a liquid to a gas. In either of these latter two cases the term molten material would encompass a gas.
  • the molten material also may include a solid material, such as particles that can be sprayed, especially with such particles being included with some other more liquid material being sprayed by the invention. Even further, the molten material may include various combinations of the foregoing. Regardless, reference to melted or molten material herein is intended to encompass the foregoing and variations and equivalents thereof. It will be appreciated, then, that the term molten material envisioned herein means a material that has sufficient fluid characteristics as to be able to be propelled by the axial gas stream, preferably after such molten material has been heated to a temperature that will enable and/or will facilitate bonding to the surface intended to be coated thereby.
  • the preferred source of the molten material is a pair of wires that are, for example, melted in an electric arc formed therebetween as both wires tend to be melted or otherwise used or consumed
  • other sources of the molten material may be employed in the invention.
  • One example is the use of one non-consumed electrode and one consumable electrode between which an arc is established to cause melting of the consumable electrode.
  • Another example is an electric arc gun apparatus that may employ more than two electrodes among which the arc is established and in which arc one or more of the electrodes is melted, or otherwise used or consumed.
  • a further example is the introduction of a powdered material into an arc established between electrodes.
  • the wires 18 are illustrated as solid wires. Exemplary materials are well known in the art of electric arc spraying. However, other types of wires also may be used.
  • cored wire which is formed of a hollow tube of metal in which a second material, such as a powder, for example, may be contained.
  • Other examples are wires formed of agglomerated material, sintered material, extruded material, an so on.
  • the wires used should have an electrical conduction characteristic enabling it to participate in the dissipating of energy, e.g., by forming an arc, or otherwise contributing to the mechanism by which molten material is provided in the path of the axial gas stream to be propelled thereby.
  • the sprayed material may be other than an electrical conductor, such as a ceramic, for example; in such case other means may be provided preferably to heat such material, e.g., another source of electric arc.
  • non-conductor may be combined with a conductor.
  • metal particles may include those materials that are not metals (or conductors) . It will be appreciated that the materials that are sprayed may be of the type that are non-self-bonding or are self-bonding. Materials that react or that do not react during the spray process may be used in the invention. Such materials may or may not actually melt or soften in the spraying process.
  • a further source of material intended to be sprayed may be employed with the source of material described in detail herein, namely, the electric arc and wire feed thereto.
  • Such further source may be a spray, a jet, a supply, etc. , of such further material that effects or allows injecting or other placement of such further material into the stream to be sprayed.
  • such further material may be directed into the arc, into the coaxial gas stream upstream of the arc and/or into the sprayed material relatively downstream of the arc.
  • the further material may or may not actually melt or soften in the spraying process.
  • the narrow beam spray head 12 is secured to the housing 14, via a flat plate 25.
  • the spray head 12 includes an alignment housing 27, having a hollow chamber therein into which a pair of contact tubes 28 are disposed and suitably secured.
  • the front cover 30 and annular arc nut 32 are secured to the alignment housing 27 and, together with the gun housing 14, substantially enclose the device.
  • the inner recess of the annular arc nut 32 secures the nozzle positioner 36 and air cap 38 in the correct relative positioning within the spray head through a threaded joint.
  • the nozzle positioner 36 abuts the support structure 25 near the rear of the spray head and is followed by the air cap 38 in a forward progression toward the open end 39 of the spray head 12.
  • a plenum housing 40 having an annular recess 42 with a rectangular shape cross-section extends circumferentially around the arc nut 32 thus forming an annular gas duct 44 between the plenum housing 40 and a portion of the outer surface 46 of the arc nut 32.
  • An annular groove 47 in the plenum housing 40 on either side of the duct 44 seats an O-ring 49 providing a gas-tight seal between the plenum housing and the arc nut 32.
  • the plenum housing 40 further includes a port 48 for connection with a fitting 21 through which compressed gas is supplied. The port 48 extends inwardly opening into the gas duct 44.
  • the contact tubes 28 are disposed within the alignment housing 27 with approximately a 30 degree angle between them, although other angles are equally possible as will be appreciated.
  • the contact tubes 28 terminate in contact tips 50 in the spray head 12 through which the wire ends 26 emerge and extend therefrom.
  • the contact tubes 28 and contact tips 50 extend through angled cavities 52 in the nozzle positioner 36 and the inverted conical opening 54 in the air cap 38.
  • the wire lengths 18 preferably extend to approximately the outer edge 56 of the air cap 38 where arcing between the wires occurs and a section of the end 26 of each wire 18 is consumed to form the coating material.
  • the nozzle positioner 36 includes an axial passage 57 extending therethrough between the angled cavities 52 through which the contact tubes 28 and tips 50 extend.
  • the axial passage 57 provides for the primary axial flow of gas through the spray head 12 along the axis A.
  • the nozzle positioner 36 is provided with compressed gas through fitting 20 ( Figure 1) and suitable ducts (not shown) rearward of the nozzle positioner 36. Gas projected axially through the axial passage 57 of the nozzle positioner 36 proceeds into the inverted conical opening 54 in the air cap 38.
  • the compressed gas impinges directly on the arc created by the potential difference between the ends 26 of the wires 18 intersecting in this area.
  • the molten metal formed at the arc is 10 atomized by the axial gas stream and is propelled through a preferably divergent opening 59 of the air cap 38.
  • the inverted conical recess 54 and divergent opening 59 of the air cap 38 and a preferably divergent opening 60 of the arc nut 32 conjunctively effectuate a convergent-divergent nozzle action on flow of gas and atomized metal therethrough.
  • Other configurations and relations of the openings 59 and 60 which impart desirable characteristics on the coaxial gas streams are possible and will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • the divergent opening area 60 may be eliminated yet the nozzle head 12 will still provide results better than those achieved with conventional guns.
  • the compressed gas for the secondary flow is provided through the port 48 in the plenum housing 40.
  • gas proceeds through the port 48 it enters the annular gas duct 44 which encompasses a section of the arc nut 32 having a number of evenly spaced through holes 62. Therefore, gas flowing through the duct 44 is evenly provided to the through holes 62 from where it passes through a number of notches 64 cut in the rear section of the air cap 38. Gases passing through these notches 64 enters the inverted conical recess 54 through a clearance provided between the rear of the air cap 38 and the front section 65 of the nozzle positioner 36 by the stepped outer surface 66 of the nozzle positioner 36.
  • opposing sides 68 of the nozzle positioner 36 are truncated to further increase the air flow through the slots 64 into the conical recess 54.
  • the general path through which the secondary gas flows into the conical recess 54 is illustrated by the coiled line 70 in Figure 3.
  • the secondary gas flow is evenly distributed around the conical recess 54 as it enters its rearmost section.
  • the gas proceeds forward through the nozzle approximately conforming to the surface of the conical recess 54 and forming a conical sheath around the axial gas stream flowing along axis A and the wire ends 26 in the arc zone 24. Therefore, as the primary axial gas stream 11 impinges upon the arc and resultant molten metal, it is surrounded by the secondary gas flow forming a coaxial stream.
  • the secondary gas flow is controlled separately of the primary axial gas flow, allowing for the correct adjustment between the two to achieve the properly directed spray. Further, the relatively open passageways and ducts through which the secondary gas flow passes allow for an adequate supply of gas to the nozzle, thus permitting the total gas flow through the spray head 12 to be substantially increased, such as to approximately twice that achieved in a conventional gun. The gas stream thus remains generally coaxial over a substantial portion of its path toward the surface to be coated.
  • the box and asterisk symbols represent data from an arc spray gun using the spray head of the present invention.
  • the deposited coating material concentrated near the point of focus, as evidenced by the relatively sharp and high curves, is much greater with the present invention than with a conventional arc spray gun.
  • the wider sloping curves for a conventional spray gun illustrates that the deposited material is distributed over a relatively wide area.
  • the droplet size of the molten metal is reduced substantially.
  • these smaller droplets impact at the higher velocities upon the surface being sprayed, they M splat M forming smaller particles distributed over a smaller area, thus resulting in a visually smoother finish and a much finer microstructure of the coating than is possible in conventional spray guns.
  • the coating is smoother and more uniform means that to spray and machine a surface to a given coating thickness requires a thinner initial sprayed coating. This is because the smooth uniform coating applied with the narrow beam spray head of the present invention cleans up, machines to a smooth finish, much easier than with a conventional spray gun. This results in much less deposited material being removed from the coated surface than with a conventional gun.
  • the reduction in droplet size can also result in materials savings.
  • a .030 inch thick finished coating was desired on a surface.
  • a conventional arc spray gun an approximately .060 inch thick coating must be applied to the surface and then the last .030 inches of the coating would be machined away to achieve a smooth finished surface.
  • the narrow beam spray head of the present invention it may be possible to cut the initial sprayed coating thickness down significantly from .060 inches thick to approximately .040-.045 inches while still achieving the same .030 inch finished coating.
  • the savings in the initial sprayed coating thickness results in material savings, and also possibly reduces machining time and costs.
  • the arc spray gun employing the narrow beam arc spray head of the present invention is operated in much the same way as a conventional spray gun.
  • the only additional adjustment is the regulation of the secondary gas stream to the appropriate pressure and flow rate parameters to form the coaxial gas streams.
  • use of the gun in practice is made somewhat simpler since the operator need not be as concerned with overspray and assuring- thickness uniformity to the degree necessary when using a conventional spray gun.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif (12) à tête de pulvérisation à arc à faisceau étroit comprend un ajoutage convergent-divergent, un certain nombre de fils (26) dont les chemins s'entrecoupent en un point situé dans l'ajutage (38), un moyen alimentant en courant électrique les fils de manière qu'un arc est formé entre ces derniers provoquant la fusion d'une partie d'au moins un des fils, un courant de gaz axial primaire incident sur l'intersection des chemins des fils destinés à provoquer l'éloignement axial du métal fondu de la zone d'intersection, et un courant de gaz secondaire formant une enveloppe conique autour du courant gazeux axial dans la partie divergente de l'ajutage, de manière que le courant gazeux primaire et le courant gazeux secondaire émergent de l'ajutage (38) sous la forme de courants gazeux coaxiaux tendant ainsi à concentrer l'écoulement de métal fondu porté par les courants coaxiaux. Un procédé de revêtement d'une surface à l'aide d'une matière comprend les étapes consistant à porter à fusion la matière se trouvant dans l'ajutage (38) à propulser la matière fondue à travers ledit ajutage dans un sens axial, et à former une enveloppe gazeuse autour de la matière fondue propulsée, laquelle est coaxiale avec le sens axial de la matière fondue propulsée sur la totalité de la distance allant jusqu'à la surface.
PCT/US1991/004433 1990-06-22 1991-06-21 Dispositif et procede de pulverisation a arc a faisceau etroit WO1992000160A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54233090A 1990-06-22 1990-06-22
US542,330 1990-06-22

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998009766A1 (fr) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-12 Alexander Binzel Gmbh & Co. Kg Chalumeau multifilaire
CN117987762A (zh) * 2022-11-07 2024-05-07 苏州众芯联电子材料有限公司 一种减少下部电极表面熔射纹路工艺

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095081A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-06-13 Metallisation Limited Electric arc metal spraying devices
US4370538A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-01-25 Browning Engineering Corporation Method and apparatus for ultra high velocity dual stream metal flame spraying
US4668852A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-05-26 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Arc spray system
US4916273A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-04-10 Browning James A High-velocity controlled-temperature plasma spray method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4095081A (en) * 1975-04-09 1978-06-13 Metallisation Limited Electric arc metal spraying devices
US4370538A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-01-25 Browning Engineering Corporation Method and apparatus for ultra high velocity dual stream metal flame spraying
US4668852A (en) * 1985-02-05 1987-05-26 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Arc spray system
US4916273A (en) * 1987-03-11 1990-04-10 Browning James A High-velocity controlled-temperature plasma spray method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998009766A1 (fr) * 1996-09-02 1998-03-12 Alexander Binzel Gmbh & Co. Kg Chalumeau multifilaire
CN117987762A (zh) * 2022-11-07 2024-05-07 苏州众芯联电子材料有限公司 一种减少下部电极表面熔射纹路工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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