WO1991012312A1

WO1991012312A1 - Liquid cleaning products

Info

Publication number: WO1991012312A1
Application number: PCT/EP1991/000254
Authority: WO
Inventors: Pieter Versluis; Cornelis Bernard Donker
Original assignee: Unilever N.V.; Unilever Plc
Priority date: 1990-02-16
Filing date: 1991-02-05
Publication date: 1991-08-22
Also published as: DE69100402T2; ES2046047T3; FI923652A; DE69100402D1; EP0515418B1; EP0515418A1; AU7219191A; AU643754B2; CA2075802A1; NZ237074A; ZA911143B; JPH05504163A; BR9106017A; FI923652A0; CA2075802C

Abstract

A non-aqueous liquid cleaning composition comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, particles of solid material dispersed in the solvent and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is a hydrophobically modified material.

Description

LIQUID CLEANING PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to liquid non-aqueous cleaning products, especially non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions containing particulate solid materials. Non-aqueous liquids are those containing little or no water.

In liquid detergents in general, especially those for the washing of fabrics, it is often desired to suspend particulate solids which have beneficial auxiliary effects in the wash, for example detergency builders

< ,- to counteract water hardness, as well as bleaches. To keep the solids in suspension, generally some sort of stabilising system is necessary.

Several different approaches have been used to provide solid-suspending properties in non-aqueous liquids. For example it has been proposed in GB 1 600 981 to use dispersants, such as⁴silica dispersants for the stabilisation of heavy duty liquid detergent compositions which contain builders dispersed in substantially water-free non-ionic liquid surfactants. Often, however, the use of silica dispersants for the stabilisation of non-aqueous liquid detergents, leads to the setting of the composition, possible resulting in an unacceptable high viscosity.

EP 30 096 discloses non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions containing a dispersion of solids, which are free from dispersants, in particular free from silica containing dispersants. Applicants, however, have found that non-aqueous detergent compositions which are free from dispersants, in particular silica containing dispersants, sometimes suffer from physical instability.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the physical stability of non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions can be improved and the above described setting problems can be minimised, if hydrophobically modified dispersants are used.

Accordingly the present invention relates to a substantially non-aqueous liquid cleaning product, comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, particles of solid material dispersed in the solvent and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is a hydrophobically modified material.

Preferably hydrophobically modified (HM) silica containing dispersants are used. Preferred HM dispersant materials have a weight average particle size of from 0.005 to 5 micrometer, more preferred 0.01 to 3 micrometer, most preferred from 0.02 to 0.5 micrometer. The level of the HM dispersant material is preferably from 0.1 to 10 % by weight of the composition, more preferred 0.3 to 5 %, most preferred from 0.5 to 3 %.

PRODUCT FORM

All compositions according to the present invention are liquid cleaning products. In the context of this specification, all references to liquids refer to materials which are liquid at 25°C at atmospheric pressure. Preferably compositions of the invention have a vviissccoossiittyy ooff lleessss tthhaann 22,,55ι00 mPa.s at 21 S^"1, more preferred 100-2,000 mPa.s.

They may be formulated in a very wide range of specific forms, according to the intended use. They may be formulated as cleaners for hard surfaces (with or without abrasive) or as agents for warewashing (cleaning of dishes, cutlery etc) either by hand or mechanical means, as well as in the form of specialised cleaning products, such as for surgical apparatus or artificial dentures. They may also be formulated as agents for washing and/or conditioning of fabrics.

Thus, the compositions will contain at least one agent which promotes the cleaning and/or conditioning of the article(s) in question, selected according to the intended application. Usually, this agent will be selected from surfactants, enzymes, bleaches, microbiocides, (for fabrics) fabric softening agents and (in the case of hard surface cleaning) abrasives. Of course in many cases, more than one of these agents will be present, as well as other ingredients commonly used in the relevant product form.

HYDROPHOBICALLY MODIFIED MATERIAL

Compositions of the invention contain a hydrophobically modified dispersant material. For the purpose of the present invention, a dispersant material is a material, of which the main purpose is to stabilise the composition. Hydrophobically modified dispersant materials are. particulate materials, of which the outer surface has chemically been treated to reduce the hydrophilic nature thereof. Preferably the number of hydroxy- and/or acid- groups at the surface of the particles is reduced by the hydrophobing treatment. Suitable reactions include esterification or etherification of the hydrophilic groups. Preferably the hydrophobing treatment involves at least 10 % of the hydrophilic groups at the surface of the particle, more preferably from 40 to 95 %, most preferably from 50 to 90 %. Partial hydrophobing is preferred over complete hydrophobation•

Preferably HM silica containing dispersants are used. The hydrophobation of the silica particles preferably involves the substitution of the free hydroxy-groups at the outer surface of the silica particles by less hydrophilic groups. More preferably the surface hydroxy-groups are substituted by short alkyl groups e.g. by methyl groups.

SURFACTANT

Where surfactants are solids, they will usually be dissolved or dispersed in the liquid phase. Where they are liquids, they will usually constitute all or part of the liquid phase. However, in some cases the surfactants may undergo a phase change in the composition.

In general, surfactants for use in the compositions of the invention may be chosen from any of the classes, sub-classes and specific materials described in "Surface Active Agents" Vol. I, by Schwartz & Perry, Interscience 1949 and "Surface Active Agents" Vol. II by Schwartz, Perry & Berch (Interscience 1958), in the current edition of "McCutcheon•s Emulsifiers & Detergents" published by the McCutcheon division of Manufacturing Confectioners Company or in "Tensid- Taschenbuch", H. Stache, 2nd Edn. , Carl Hanser Verlag, Mϋnchen & Wien, 1981.

In respect of all surfactant materials, but also with reference to all ingredients described herein as examples of components in compositions according to the present invention, unless the context requires otherwise, the term "alkyl" refers to a straight or branched alkyl moiety having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, whereas lower alkyl refers to a straight or branched alkyl moiety of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. These definitions apply to alkyl species however incorporated (e.g. as part of an aralkyl species) . Alkenyl (olefin) and alkynyl (acetylene) species are to be interpreted likewise (i.e. in terms of configuration and number of carbon atoms) as are equivalent alkylene, alkenylene and alkynylene linkages. For the avoidance of doubt, any reference to lower alkyl or C_χ-₄ alkyl (unless the context so forbids) is to be taken specifically as a recitation of each species wherein the alkyl group is (independent of any other alkyl group which may be present in the same molecule) methyl, ethyl, iso- propyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, iso-butγl and t-butyl, and lower (or ^^) alkylene is to be construed likewise.

NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS

Nonionic detergent surfactants are well-known in the art. They normally consist of a water-solubilizing polyalkoxylene or a mono- or di-alkanolamide group in chemical combination with an organic hydrophobic group derived, for example, from alkylphenols in which the alkyl group contains from about 6 to about 12 carbon atoms, dialkylphenols in which each alkyl group contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic alcohols (or alkyl-capped derivatives thereof) , preferably having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, monocarboxylic acids having from 10 to about 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and polyoxypropylenes. Also common are fatty acid mono- and dialkanolamides in which the alkyl group of the fatty acid radical contains from 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and the alkyloyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. In any of the mono- and di- alkanolamide derivatives, optionally, there may be a polyoxyalkylene moiety joining the latter groups and the hydrophobic part of the molecule. In all polyalkoxylene containing surfactants, the polyalkoxylene moiety preferably consists of from 2 to 20 groups of ethylene oxide or of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide groups. Amongst the latter class, particularly preferred are those described in the applicants' published European specification EP-A-225,654, especially for use as all or part of the liquid phase. Also preferred are those ethoxylated nonionics which are the condensation products of fatty alcohols with from 9 to 15 carbon atoms condensed with from 3 to 11 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of these are the condensation products of C--^..*-^ alcohols with (say) 3 or 7 moles of ethylene oxide. These may be used as the sole nonionic surfactants or in combination with those of the described in the last- mentioned European specification, especially as all or part of the liquid phase.

Another class of suitable nonionics comprise the alkyl polysaccharides (polyglycosides/oligosaccharides) such as described in any of specifications US 3,640,998; US 3,346,558; US 4,223,129; EP-A-92,355; EP-A-99,183; EP 70,074, '75, '76, ^»77; EP 75,994, '95, '96. Mixtures of different nonionic detergent surfactants may also be used. Mixtures of nonionic detergent surfactants with other detergent surfactants such as anionic, cationic or ampholytic detergent surfactants and soaps may also be used.

Preferably the level of nonionic surfactants is from 10-90% by weight of the composition, more preferably 20-70%, most preferably 35 to 50% by weight.

ANIONIC SURFACTANTS

Examples of suitable anionic detergent surfactants are alkali metal, ammonium or alkylolamine salts of alkylbenzene sulphonates having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, alkyl and alkylether sulphates having from 10 to 24 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, the alkylether sulphates having from 1 to 5 ethylene oxide groups, and olefin sulphonates prepared by sulphonation of C₁₀_₂₄ alpha-olefins and subsequent neutralization and hydrolysis of the sulphonation reaction product.

All inqredients before incorporation will either be liquid, in which case, in the composition they will constitute all or part^" of the liquid phase, or they will be solids, in which case, '*in the composition they will either be dispersed in the liquid phase or they will be dissolved therein. Thus as used herein, the term "solids" is to be construed as referring to materials in the solid phase which are added to the composition and are dispersed therein in solid form, those solids which dissolve in the liquid phase and those in the liquid phase which solidify (undergo a phase change) in the composition, wherein they are then dispersed. THE NON-AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLVENT

As a general rule, the most suitable liquids to choose as the liquid phase are those organic materials having polar molecules. In particular, those comprising a relatively lipophilic part and a relatively hydrophilic part, especially a hydrophilic part rich in electron lone pairs, tend to be well suited. This is completely in accordance with the observation that liquid surfactants, especially polyalkoxylated nonionics, are one preferred class of material for the liquid phase.

Non-surfactants which are suitable for use as the liquid phase include those having the preferred molecular forms referred to above although other kinds may be used, especially if combined with those of the former, more preferred types. In general, the non- surfactant solvents can be used alone or with in combination with liquid surfactants. Non-surfactant solvents which have molecular structures which fall into the former, more preferred category include ethers, polyethers, alk lamines and fatty amines, (especially di- and tri-alkyl- and/or fatty- N- substituted amines) , alkyl (or fatty) amides and mono- and di- N-alkyl substituted derivatives thereof, alkyl (or fatty) carboxylic acid lower alkyl esters, ketones, aldehydes, and glycerides. Specific examples include respectively, di-alkyl ethers, polyethylene glycols, alkyl ketones (such as acetone) and glyceryl trialkylcarboxylates (such as glyceryl tri-acetate) , glycerol, propylene glycol, and sorbitol. Many light solvents with little or no hydrophilic character are in most systems, unsuitable on their own Examples of these are lower alcohols, such as ethanol, or higher alcohols, such as dodecanol, as well as alkanes and olefins. However, they can be combined with other liquid materials.

LEVEL OF LIQUID PHASE

Preferably, the compositions of the invention contain the liquid phase (whether or not comprising liquid surfactant) in an amount of at least 10% by weight of the total composition. The amount of the liquid phase present in the composition may be as high as about

90%, but in most cases the practical amount will lie between 20 and 70% and preferably between 35 and 50% by weight of the composition.

SOLIDS CONTENT

In general, the solids content of the product may be within a very wide range, for example from 10-90%, usually from 30-80% and preferably from 50-65% by weight of the final composition. The solid phase is preferably in particulate form and preferably has a weight average particle size of less than 300 microns, preferably less than 200 microns, more preferably less than 100 microns, especially less than 10 microns. The particle size may even be of sub-micron size. The proper particle size can be obtained by using materials of the appropriate size or by milling the total product in a suitable milling apparatus. In order to control aggregation of the solid phase leading to unredispersible settling or setting of the composition, it is preferred to include a deflocculant therein. OTHER INGREDIENTS

In addition to the components already discussed, there are very many other ingredients which can be incorporated in liquid cleaning products.

There is a very great range of such other ingredients and these will be choosen according to the intended use of the product. However, the greatest diversity is found in products for fabrics washing and/or conditioning. Many ingredients intended for that purpose will also find application in products for other applications (e.g. in hard surface cleaners and warewashing liquids) .

METAL OXIDES

For reducing the clear layer separation of liquid detergent compositions of the invention, surprisingly it has been found that the combined use of HM particles and particulate metal oxides is especially advantageous. Preferred suspended metal oxides have a bulk density of 200 to 1,000 g/1, more preferred 250 to 800 g/1, especially preferably 300 to 700 g/1, most preferably from 400 to 650 g/1.

Preferably the metal oxide is selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide, most preferably magnesium oxide is used.

The weight average particle size of the metal oxide is preferably from 0.1 to 200 micrometer, more preferably from 0.5 to 100 micrometer, most preferred from 2 to 70 micrometer. The level of metal oxide is preferably from 0.1 to 7 % by weight of the composition, more preferred from 0.5 to 5 %, most preferred from 1 to 4 %. DETERGENCY BUILDERS

The detergency builders are those materials which counteract the effects of calcium, or other ion, water hardness, either by precipitation or by an ion sequestering effect. They comprise both inorganic and organic builders. They may also be sub-divided into the phosphorus-containing and non-phosphorus types, the latter being preferred when environmental considerations are important.

In general, the inorganic builders comprise the various phosphate-, carbonate-, silicate-, borate- and aluminosilicates-type materials, particularly the alkali-metal salt forms. Mixtures of these may also be used.

Examples of phosphorus-containing inorganic builders, when present, include the water-soluble salts, especially alkali metal pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, polyphosphates and phosphonates. Specific examples of inorganic phosphate builders include sodium and potassium tripolyphosphates, phosphates and hexametaphosphates.

Examples of non-phosphorus-containing inorganic builders, when present, include water-soluble alkali metal carbonates, bicarbonates, borates, silicates, metasilicates, and crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates. Specific examples include sodium carbonate (with or without calcite seeds) , potassium carbonate, sodium and potassium bicarbonates, silicates and zeolites. Examples of organic builders include the alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammonium, citrates, succinates, malonates, fatty acid sulphonates, carboxymethoxy succinates, ammonium polyacetates, carboxylates, polycarboxylates, aminopolycarboxylates, polyacetyl carboxylates and polyhydroxsulphonates. Specific examples include sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium and substituted ammonium salts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, oxydisuccinic acid, melitic acid, benzene polycarboxylic acids and citric acid. Other examples are organic phosphonate type sequestering agents such as those sold by Monsanto under the tradename of the Dequest range and alkanehydroxy phosphonates.

Other suitable organic builders include the higher molecular weight polymers and co-polymers known to have builder properties, for example appropriate polyacrylic acid, polymaleic acid and polyacrylic/ polymaleic acid co-polymers and their salts, such as those sold by BASF under the Sokalan Trade Mark.

Preferably the level of builder materials is from 0- 75% by weight of the composition, more preferred 5- 50%, most preferred 10-40%.

THE DEFLOCCULANT

Preferably compositions of the invention also comprise a deflocculant material. In principle, any material may be used as a deflocculant provided it fulfils the deflocculation test described in European Patent Specification EP-A-266199 (Unilever) . The capability of a substance to act as a deflocculant will partly depend on the solids/liquid phase combination. However, especially preferred are acids. 13

Some typical examples of deflocculants include the alkanoic acids such as acetic, propionic and stearic and their halogenated counterparts such as trichloracetic and trifluoracetic as well as the alkyl (e.g. methane) sulphonic acids and aralkyl (e.g. paratoluene) sulphonic acids.

Examples of suitable inorganic mineral acids and their salts are hydrochloric, carbonic, sulphurous, sulphuric and phosphoric acids; potassium monohydrogen sulphate, sodium monohydrogen sulphate, potassium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, tetrasodium monohydrogen triphosphate.

Other organic acids may also be used as deflocculants, for example formic, lactic, amino acetic, benzoic, salicylic, phthalic, nicotinic, ascorbic, ethylenediamine tetraacetic, and aminophosphonic acids, as well as longer chain fatty carboxylates and triglycerides, such as oleic, stearic, lauric acid and the like. Peracids such as percarboxylic and persulphonic acids may also be used.

The class of acid deflocculants further extends to the Lewis acids, including the anhydrides of inorganic and organic acids. Examples of these are acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, phthalic anhydride and succinic anhydride, sulphur-trioxide, diphosphorous pentoxide, boron trifluoride, antimony pentachloride.

"Fatty" anions are very suitable de locculants, and a particularly preferred class of deflocculants comprises anionic surfactants. Although anionics which are salts of alkali or other metals may be used, particularly preferred are the free acid forms of these surfactants (wherein the metal cation is replaced by an H⁺ cation, i.e. proton) . These anionic surfactants include all those classes, sub-classes and specific forms described in the aforementioned general references on surfactants, viz, Schwartz & Perry, Schwartz Perry and Berch, McCutcheon's, Tensid- Taschenbuch; and the free acid forms thereof. Many anionic surfactants have already been described hereinbefore. In the role of deflocculants, the free acid forms of these are generally preferred.

In particular, some preferred sub-classes and examples are the C₁₀-C₂ fatty acids and dimers thereof, the

C₈-C₁₈ alkylbenzene sulphonic acids, the C₁₀-C₁₈ alkyl- or alkylether sulphuric acid monoesters, the C*_L2~^ci₈ paraffin sulphonic acids, the fatty acid sulphonic acids, the benzene-, toluene-, xylene- and cumene sulphonic acids and so on. Particularly are the linear C₁₂-C₁₈ alkylbenzene sulphonic acids.

As well as anionic surfactants, zwitterionic-types can also be used as deflocculants. These may be any described in the aforementioned general surfactant references. One example is lecithin.

The level of the deflocculant material in the composition can be optimised by the means described in the aforementioned EP-A-266199, but in very many cases is at least 0.01%, usually 0.1% and preferably at least 1% by weight, and may be as high as 15% by weight. For most practical purposes, the amount ranges from 2-12%, preferably from 4-10% by weight, based on the final composition. THE BLEACH SYSTEM

Bleaches include the halogen, particularly chlorine bleaches such as are provided in the form of alkalimetal hypohalites, e.g. hypochlorites. In the application of fabrics washing, the oxygen bleaches are preferred, for example in the form of an inorganic persalt, preferably with a bleach precursor, or as a peroxy acid compound.

In the case of the inorganic persalt bleaches, the activator makes the bleaching more effective at lower temperatures, i.e. in the range from ambient temperature to about 60°C, so that such bleach systems are commonly known as low-temperature bleach systems and are well-known in the art. The inorganic persalt such as sodium perborate, both the monohydrate and the tetrahydrate, acts to release active oxygen in solution, and the activator is usually an organic compound having one or more reactive acyl residues, which cause the formation of peracids, the latter providing for a more effective bleaching action at lower temperatures than the peroxybleach compound alone.

The ratio by weight of the peroxybleach compound to the activator is preferably from about 20:1 to about 1:1, preferably from about 10:1 to about 2:1, most preferably 5:1 to 3.5:1. Whilst the amount of the bleach system, i.e. peroxybleach compound and activator, may be varied between about 5% and about 35% by weight of the total liquid, it is preferred to use from about 6% to about 30% of the ingredients forming the bleach system. Thus, the preferred level of the peroxybleach compound in the composition is between about 5.5% and about 27% by weight, while the preferred level of the activator is between about 0.5% and about 14%, most preferably between about 1% and about 5% by weight.

Typical examples of the suitable peroxybleach compounds are alkalimetal perborates, both tetrahydrates and monohydrates, alkali metal percarbonates, persilicates and perphosphates, of which sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate are preferred.

It is particularly preferred to include in the compositions, a stabiliser for the bleach or bleach system, for example ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate and diethylene triamine pentamethylene phosphonate or other appropriate organic phosphonate or salt thereof, such as the Dequest range hereinbefore described. These stabilisers can be used in acid or salt form, such as the calcium, magnesium, zinc or aluminium salt form. The stabiliser may be present at a level of up to about 1% by weight, preferably between about 0.1% and about 0.5% by weight.

Preferred activator materials are TAED and glycerol triacetate. The applicants have also found that liquid bleach activator, such as glycerol triacetate and ethylidene heptanoate acetate, isopropenyl acetate and the like, also function suitably as a material for the liquid phase, thus obviating or reducing any need of additional relatively volatile solvents, such as the lower alkanols, paraffins, glycols and glycolethers and the like, e.g. for viscosity control. P 1 54

17

MISCELLANEOUS OTHER INGREDIENTS

Other ingredients comprise those remaining ingredients which may be used in liquid cleaning products, such as fabric conditioning agents, enzymes, perfumes (including deoperfumes) , micro-biocides, colouring agents, fluorescers, soil-suspending agents (anti- redeposition agents) , corrosion inhibitors, enzyme stabilising agents, and lather depressants.

Amongst the fabric conditioning agents which may be used, either in fabric washing liquids or in rinse conditioners, are fabric softening materials such as fabric softening clays, quaternary ammonium salts, imidazolinium salts, fatty amines and cellulases.

Enzymes which can be used in liquids according to the present invention include proteolytic enzymes, amylolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes (lipases) . Various types of proteolytic enzymes and amylolytic enzymes are known in the art and are commercially available. They may be incorporated as "prills" or "marumes", suspensions etc.

The fluorescent agents which can be used in the liquid cleaning products according to the invention are well known and many such fluorescent agents are available commercially. Usually, these fluorescent agents are supplied and used in the form of their alkali metal salts, for example, the sodium salts. The total amount of the fluorescent agent or agents used in a detergent composition is generally from 0.02-2% by weight.

When it is desired to include anti-redeposition agents in the liquid cleaning products, the amount thereof is normally from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight. preferably from about 0.2% to about 2.5% by weight of the total liquid composition. Preferred anti-redeposition agents include carboxy derivatives of sugars and celluloses, e.g. sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, anionic poly-electrolytes, especially polymeric aliphatic carboxylates, or organic phosphonates.

WATER LEVEL

The compositions are substantially non-aqueous, i.e. they contain little or no free water, preferably no more than 5%, preferably less than 3%, especially less than 1% by weight of the total composition. It has been found that the higher the water content, the more likely it is for the viscosity to be too high, or even for setting to occur.

USE

Composition in accordance with the present invention may be used for several detergency purposes, for example the cleaning of surfaces and the washing of fabrics. For the washing of fabrics, preferably an aqueous liquor containing 0.05 to 10 %, more preferably 0.1 to 2%, of the non-aqueous detergent composition of the invention is used.

PROCESSING

During manufacture, it is preferred that all raw materials should be dry and (in the case of hydratable salts) in a low hydration state, e.g. anhydrous phosphate builder, sodium perborate monohydrate and dry calcite abrasive, where these are employed in the composition. In a preferred process, the dry, substantially anhydrous solids are blended with the liquid phase in a dry vessel. If deflocculant materials are used, these should preferably -at least partly- be mixed with the liquid phase, prior to the addition of the solids. In order to minimise the rate of sedimentation of the solids, this blend is passed throuqh a grinding mill or a combination of mills, e.g. a colloid mill, a corundum disc mill, a horizontal or vertical agitated ball mill, to achieve a particle size of 0.1 to 100 microns, preferably 0.5 to 50 microns, ideally 1 to 10 microns. A preferred combination of such mills is a colloid mill followed by a horizontal ball mill since these can be operated under the conditions required to provide a narrow size distribution in the final product. Of course particulate material already having the desired particle size need not be subjected to this procedure and if desired, can be incorporated during a later stage of processing.

During this milling procedure, the energy input results in a temperature rise in the product and the liberation of air entrapped in or between the particles of the solid ingredients. It is therefore highly desirable to mix any heat sensitive ingredients into the product after the milling stage and a subsequent cooling step. It may also be desirable to de-aerate the product before addition of these (usually minor) ingredients and optionally, at any other stage of the process. Typical ingredients which might be added at this stage are perfumes and enzymes, but might also include highly temperature sensitive bleach components or volatile solvent components which may be desirable in the final composition. However, it is especially preferred that volatile material be introduced after any step of de-aeration. Suitable equipment for cooling (e.g. heat exchangers) and de- aeration will be known to those skilled in the art. It follows that all equipment used in this process should preferably be completely dry, special care being taken after any cleaning operations. The same is true for subsequent storage and packing equipment.

The invention will further be illustrated in the examples.

EXAMPLE I

The following compositions (percent by weight) were prepared by mixing the ingredients in the order listed. The ingredients were milled after mixing to a mean particle size of 5μm. The tendency for the composition to give clear layer formation was determined by filling a 10 cm tall measuring cylinder and leaving it to stand for 4 weeks at 37°C or 8 weeks at 20°C and then measuring the height of the upper layer. The initial viscosity of each composition is also given.

COMPOSITION (% wt ) B

Nonionic ¹-' <— —>

Glycerol triacetate <— >

ABS-acid <— ₈.0 >

Na Carbonate <-■ 18.0 >

Na bicarbonate 4.2 3.2 2.2 1.2

Calcite <— 8.0 >

Na perborate monohydrate<- 10.5 > TAED <- 3.0 >

Sipernat D 17²⁾ 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 Minors <- — balance >

Viscosity(mPas 21 s^-1) 1150 1175 1440 1970 Clear layer separation 8 weeks 20 °C (mm) 7 4 2 1 4 weeks 37 °C (mm) 10 5 3 2

This example clearly shows that the use of hydrophobically modified dispersants increases the stability of non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions, without an unacceptable rise in viscosity. 1) A C₁₂ alcohol ethoxylated with an average of 6.5 EO groups.

2) HM silica (Degussa) .

EXAMPLE II

The following formulations were prepared as in Example I.

Ingredient f% wt) E F

42.9

6.1 3.4

15.8

7.6

1.7

3.4 11.0

3.4

2.0 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.1

alance

Both compositions were of surprisingly good stability and did show no or only little phase separation upon storage. 1) NRE nonionic material ex Vista

2) C₁₀_₁₂ 6.5 EO

3) MgO-170 having a bulk density of about 560 g/1, particle size 2-25μm.

Claims

1. A non-aqueous liquid cleaning composition comprising a non-aqueous organic solvent, particles of solid material dispersed in the solvent and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is a hydrophobically modified material.

2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant is a hydrophobically modified silica material.

3. A composition according to claim 1, further comprising a metal oxide having a bulk density of 200 to 1,000 g/1.

4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide is selected from calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and aluminium oxide.

5. Composition according to claim 1, comprising from 0.01-15% by weight of a deflocculant material.

6. Composition according to claim 5, wherein the deflocculant material is selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants in acid form and lactic acid.

7. Composition according to claim 1 comprising from 10-90% by weight of a liquid phase and 10-90% by weight of a solid phase.

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8. Composition according to claim 1 comprising 10- 90% by weight of nonionic surfactants, 0.1-7% of metal oxides, 0-75% of builder materials, 5.5 to 27% of a peroxygen bleach, and 0.5 to 14% of a bleach activator, said composition having a viscosity of less than 2,500 mPa.s at 21 S^-1.