Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
  • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0213—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape

Definitions

• the subject of the present invention is a primary construction element formed by two longitudinal support profiles of equal length and height separated from one another and connected together by a longitudinal connection profile of the same length connecting the two support profiles. so as to form, in cross section, a bridge whose support profiles form the stacks, an arch being formed between these two support profiles and the connection profile, the geometrical configuration of the upper surface of the connection profile being similar to that of the configuration of the arch so that the upper surface of the connecting profile of another construction element can be exactly housed in said arch.
• Brick-type construction elements have been used for centuries to constitute constructions such as walls, walls, masonry blocks. They are in general although not necessarily used in regions where building stone is scarce.
• the realization of brick walls requires good professional skill from the masons, who must continually monitor the alignment of the bricks because, unlike stone, the slightest disturbance appears to be in default. Skilled labor in masonry material becoming more and more scarce because of the training time, the use of terracotta components such as bricks, solid bricks, hollow, tubular, rubble, and concrete blocks tends to be reduced while the However, the manufacturing costs of these products make them more and more competitive with concrete and that their color makes it possible to brighten and improve the aesthetics of current constructions.
• One of the aims of the present invention is precisely to allow to continue to benefit from the advantages of bricks, obtained from terracotta, raw earth or other concretes which are easy to handle and light due to their aerated structure, while allowing the realization of easy and precise constructions or assemblies of said construction elements.
• the primary building element according to the invention is characterized in that the upper surface of the connecting profile has over its entire length a longitudi ⁇ nal groove bordered by two longitudinal edges, the upper part of the arch having a part projecting or rib having an approximately corresponding configuration such that the projecting part of another construction element can be housed in the aforementioned groove when the upper surface of the connecting profile is housed in said arch.
• the support profiles are of a different width.
• this primary element comprises a connecting profile having in cross section the shape of a staircase, formed of successive stages or steps, possibly inclined, the arch having a corresponding configuration.
• the aforementioned elements are made of terracotta, raw earth or any other material used in construction such as concrete, aerated concrete, lightweight concrete.
• the aforementioned elements are honeycombed or non-honeycombed.
• they will preferably prepared by molding and therefore not honeycombed. It will be the same in the case of the various concretes likely to be used.
• they will preferably be prepared by spinning or extrusion before cooking and therefore will be honeycombed.
• the upper surface of the connecting profile has over its entire length a longitudinal groove bordered by two longitudinal edges, the upper part of the arch having a projecting part or rib having a configuration approxi ⁇ matively corresponding such that the projecting part of another construction element can be housed in the aforementioned groove when the upper surface of the connecting profile is housed in said arch.
• the subject of the invention is also a basic element intended to serve as a basic part for a construction formed using the aforementioned primary elements, said basic element differing from the primary element only in that said arch is deleted, the lower surface therefore being substantially planar.
• the invention further relates to a cover or hatch element intended to serve as a ridge piece to a construction formed using the aforementioned primary elements, said cover element differing from the primary element only by the fact that the upper surface of the connection profile is eliminated, the upper surface formed by the connection profile and the tops of the support profiles being planar.
• cover element or cap it has an upper surface with a double slope.
• both of the primary elements and of the basic or covering elements according to the invention are formed of terracotta and comprise cavities or axial conduits for lightening and / or longitudi ⁇ nal ventilation. .
• FIG. 1 represents a view in section of principle of a construction element according to the invention having a rib / rai ⁇ nure system as well as an asymmetry
• FIG. 2 shows in perspective a building element according to the invention with stepped profile
• Figure 3 shows on a smaller scale the construction element of Figure 2 made of aerated terracotta or longitudi ⁇ naux lightening ducts;
• FIG. 4 shows the cross section of an element according to the invention with an arcuate profile
• FIG. 5 is a cross section of a building element according to the invention with stepped and inclined profile
• FIG. 6 shows in perspective and on a smaller scale a cover element or wall cap intended to cooperate with the construction elements according to Figure 2;
• FIG. 7 represents in perspective and on a smaller scale a wall base element intended to cooperate with construction elements according to FIG. 2.
• Figure 8 shows in cross section and on a smaller scale a wall with smooth walls made using identical building element to that of Figure 2;
• FIG. 9 shows in cross section and on a smaller scale, a wall with hollow and projecting facings, produced using elements identical to that of Figure 2;
• the primary building element 1, of the brick type, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 has, in transverse section, two asymmetrical end parts 10 and 11 connected together by a connecting part IC of so as to form a bridge, the stacks of which are constituted by these end parts 10, 11.
• the connecting part IC disposed between the stacks 10 and 11 has a protruding part IC relative to the upper plane 6'a and 6'b batteries and has a top surface 1A.
• the arch ID formed between the stacks 10 and 11 and the back IB of the projecting part IC has the same configuration as the projecting part IC of the connecting part IC.
• the upper surface 1A of the projecting part IC and the lower surface or upper surfaces IB are similar, although the dimensions of the arch ID are very slightly greater than that of the projecting part IC to allow safe penetration and easy from the protruding part IC of another brick in the hollow formed by said arch ID of the building element.
• the upper surface 1A of the element 1 is parallel to the lower surface or lower surface IB of the arch, parallel to the upper planes 6'a and 6'b of the stacks and parallel to the feet 6a and 6b of said stacks.
• the feet 6a and 6b are intended to rest on the surfaces of the upper planes 6'a and 6'b of another construction element 1 or brick, the projecting part of which is introduced into the hollow formed by said arch ID.
• the upper surface 1A of the projecting part IC has two longitudinal edges which form a groove.
• the lower surface IB of the arch has a rib intended to be housed in the groove of the element located below. The advantages of this rib and this groove will be described in more detail below.
• the asymmetry of the stacks 10 and 11 with respect to the vertical axis x / y of the connecting part IC is manifested by a difference between the width bl and b2 of the bases 6 of the stacks 10, 11 which can be of the order of 10 to 30 mm in courarte construction.
• construction elements 1 comprise a projecting part IC and a hollow part or complementary arch IB, that is to say one in relief, the other in hollow capable of interpenetrating perfectly.
• the goal is to be able to superimpose two elements so that the upper part IC of one penetrates precisely and completely closes the part lower ID of the other.
• the profile of the upper part IC is dimensioned so that it is slightly smaller than the lower part ID to allow, in practice, the interpenetration mentioned above and possibly the use of a product. , known per se, such as cement, glue, etc., ensures the surface adhesion of the superimposed materials.
• construction elements 1 are superimposable due to the parallelism or quasi-parallelism of their upper and lower surfaces.
• the primary elements 1 can present various profiles, for example staircase profiles or storey profiles.
• these staircase or story profiles have on the upper surface 1A steps or steps 7, 8 and 9 and on the lower surface IB raised portions or steps 7 ', 8', 9 '.
• the connecting part of the element 1 has an upper surface 9 and a corresponding lower surface 9 '.
• the upper surface 9 has a groove 16 laterally bordered by longitudinal edges 14, 15.
• This groove 16 is intended to contain a binder such as cement, glue.
• the substantially planar lower surface 9 ' forms a raised rib 17 which is located below the arch of the bridge and which can be housed in the groove 16 of the element 1a situated below (see FIGS. 3 and 4) of the element 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2, in order to be in contact over a wide area with the binder 32 interposed between the two elements only on the central surface.
• the advantage of the groove and rib system according to the present invention is decisive for facilitating assembly. The assembly is thus made very simple and is within the reach of a lay masonry professional.
• the construction thus produced gives rise to the formation of a continuous seal which contributes to the airtightness of the assembly. Since the surfaces of the upper planes 6 ′ a and 6 ′ b are at a level lower than that of the continuous seal which is at the level of the upper surface 1 A of the element, sealing is thus also ensured with respect to liquids.
• the unequal widths bl and b2 of the stacks 10 and 11 show alternately, by 180 ° turning of the elements, projecting facing parts and recessed counter facing on a wall consisting of elements according to the invention.
• a groove 18 is also provided to break the angle between the upper plane 6a of the stack 10 and the side face 34 and achieve a line effect on the bricks stacked in the same direction.
• FIG. 5 Variants of the cross section of the building element 1 are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
• the stacks 10 and 11 are connected to the central part 9, 9 'by arcuate connecting parts 19, 20 of increasing thickness towards the center.
• the section of the element shown in FIG. 5 has connecting parts between the central parts 9, 9 ′ and the stacks 10 and 11, which are in steps 21, 22 and inclined 23, 24 in order to ensure a good centering of the element at the time of its installation.
• FIG 6 there is shown a covering element capable of being associated with the primary element according to the invention. It is an element with a double-pitched roof or a hat 25 which has a lower surface identical to that of a standard element 1 and an upper surface with two roof sections 26 and 27 to ensure good drainage of the water at a distance from the wall surface, thanks to flanges 28 and 29.
• this element 25 can present a flat surface of a flat roof. Such a surface could serve as a support for lintels for example.
• FIG. 7 shows a base element 30 which can serve as the first element of a wall placed on the foundations thereof by its substantially planar lower surface 31.
• the upper surface of the base element 30 is identical to that of a standard element which can be applied directly to it.
• FIG. 8 represents a wall produced by stacking bricks 1 identical to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, bearing the references 1a to Id. This stacking is produced on a base element 30 as shown in FIG. 7.
• the bricks superimposed are only interconnected by a thin layer of thin-set mortar 32 interposed between the faces or steps 9, 9 'of two superimposed bricks.
• the laying of the superimposed bricks can advantageously be carried out with crossed joints, each brick being placed above two adjacent halves of bricks of the lower line of bricks.
• the assembly which does not reveal any leakage or seaming of the joint, thus avoiding tedious and uncertain facing cleaning, proves to be perfectly waterproof in all directions and resistant to penetration and to the passage of water and air. , while guaranteeing perfect weatherproofing.
• the walls thus produced are highly insulating from the thermal point of view. Indeed, a brick of, for example, 33 cm in width gives rise to a thermal path of the order of 50 cm. By thermal path is meant the path taken by a thermal wave to pass through a material.
• the difference in width of the stacks 10 and 11 does not interfere with the superposition of two identical bricks, one of which is turned 180 °, due to the symmetry of the part of its connection IC with respect to the vertical axis xy but it makes it possible to reveal on the lateral face 34 of the stack 11 of greater width a decorative facing projecting relative to the contiguous lateral face 37 of the adjacent brick from above or from below (see the assembly of bricks represented on the Figures 8 and 9).
• various decorative details can be provided on the lateral faces 34 and 37 of the bricks such as, for example, edge notches 18 or ridges (not shown) which, in addition to the aesthetic effect, ensure good attachment of a coated with brick covering.
• FIG 9 there is shown an assembly of superposed bri ⁇ cs to li, identical to brick 1 but whose sections are alternated by inversion at 180 °.
• a decorative facing 33 appears on the side of the groove 18 where a decorative face 34 is formed on the bricks.
• On the interior side it corresponds to the decorative decoration 33, a recessed facing 35 on which one can apply a coating of facade 36 which hooks well, for example thanks to grooves (not shown) formed on the opposite face 37 on the decorative face 34 of the bricks.
• This arrangement of the bricks in an alternately laterally offset position facilitates the production of alternating decorations which break the monotony of the brick facades.
• the walls produced using the elements according to the invention can be assembled together by conventional chaining means such as grooved profiles forming a channel in which is placed a frame attached to other possible frames. , and drowned in concrete.
• chaining means such as grooved profiles forming a channel in which is placed a frame attached to other possible frames. , and drowned in concrete.
• stacks of bricks with a central hollow form a tube, in which a reinforcement is placed which is then embedded in concrete.
• the building elements shown in Figures 1 to 7, having a generally parallelepiped shape are preferably obtained by molding of terracotta.
• any other material generally used in the construction field can be used such as concrete, plaster, gravel, etc., and in particular raw earth.
• This element can also be manufactured by extruding brick earth to obtain a profile which is cut to desired length into said elements which are then subjected to cooking in an oven, which is of the type commonly used for cooking. bricks.
• This element can be formed in said element of the longitudinal grooves, optionally grooves or cells with a closed contour 2, 3, 4, 5 (see Figure 3).
• the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. 'invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9386958

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (3)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1989
  • 1989-10-31 FR FR8914266A patent/FR2653800B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1990
  • 1990-10-19 AU AU66272/90A patent/AU6627290A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1990-10-19 EP EP90916105A patent/EP0451249B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1990-10-19 ES ES199090916105T patent/ES2031443T1/es active Pending
  • 1990-10-19 WO PCT/FR1990/000759 patent/WO1991006723A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1990-10-29 TN TNTNSN90127A patent/TNSN90127A1/fr unknown
  • 1990-10-29 MA MA22262A patent/MA21991A1/fr unknown
  • 1990-10-30 CZ CS905323A patent/CZ532390A3/cs unknown
  • 1990-10-31 PL PL28759390A patent/PL287593A1/xx unknown
  • 1990-10-31 YU YU205690A patent/YU47953B/sh unknown
• 1991
  • 1991-06-28 OA OA60031A patent/OA09375A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (4)

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