WO1991001219A1 - Electro-conductive sheets - Google Patents
Electro-conductive sheets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991001219A1 WO1991001219A1 PCT/US1990/004139 US9004139W WO9101219A1 WO 1991001219 A1 WO1991001219 A1 WO 1991001219A1 US 9004139 W US9004139 W US 9004139W WO 9101219 A1 WO9101219 A1 WO 9101219A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electro
- microns
- carbon fibrils
- carbon
- sheet
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/04—Cells with aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/06—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid
- H01M6/12—Dry cells, i.e. cells wherein the electrolyte is rendered non-fluid with flat electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
- Y10S428/924—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
- Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- the present invention concerns electro-conductive sheets, which contain a certain type of carbon fibers and are particularly useful as a collector sheet for batteries.
- the batteries currently available on the market can be categorized into two general types, cylindrical and flat shaped. Generally speaking, batteries are constructed by sandwichir an electro-conductive sheet between the anode layer and an outside collector plate, or between the cathode layer and an outside collector plate.
- the characteristics required for the aforementioned electro-conductive sheet in a battery are (1) superior electric conductivity, (2) possibility to produce a thin sheet without pin holes, (3) flexibility and possibility to make good contact with the anode or cathode layer as well as with the outside collector plate, (4) not causing swelling or deterir ⁇ ation by contacting with electrolytes for a long period o ⁇ time.
- conventional electro-conductive sheets do not easily form a uniform film and have flaws such as pin-hole formation and poor contact with the anode and cathode layers, or the outside collector plate.
- the inventors of the present invention discovered through an intensive study that the aforementioned problems could be solved by using an electrically insulating polymer sheet with a specific thickness which contained a certain type of carbon fibers. Hence the present invention was achieved.
- the present invention offers electro-conductive sheets whose thickness is greater than 10 microns but less than 200 microns, and which contain, in an electrically insulating polymer material, hollow carbon fibrils, whose diameters are within the range of 0.0035 to 0.5 microns and whose length is at least 5 times the diameter.
- the diameter of the carbon fibrils used in the present invention is 0.0035 to 0.5 microns, 0.0035 to 0.04 microns is more desirable and 0.075 to 0.03 microns is most desirable.
- the length is greater than 5 times the diameter, or, better, 10 2 to 10 times the diameter.
- Carbon fibrils do not provide enough electrical conductivity when their diameter exceeds 0.5 microns, while carbon fibrils with less than 0.0035 microns tend to fly around resulting in handling problems. In addition, electrical conductivity becomes poor when the length of the carbon fibrils is less than 5 times the diameter.
- the carbon fibrils may be surface treated with ozone, nitric acid, etc. prior to the use. It is preferable that the carbon fibrils have an outer zone which consists of continuous, multiple layers of uniformly oriented carbon atoms and an inner core. It is also preferable that they be cylindrical carbon fibrils in which the multiple layers and the inner core are coaxially aligned along the center axis of the fibrils. It is also preferable that the inner core be hollow and contain less uniformly oriented carbon atoms than the outer layers, that the uniformly oriented carbon atoms be in the form of graphitic carbon, and that the diameter of the inner core be greater than 2 nm.
- the carbon fibrils can be produced as described in, for example, Tennant, USP No. 4,663,230. More specifically, carbon fibrils can be produced by contacting- suitable metal containing particles (for example, iron, cobalt, or nickel particles with alumina as a carrier) and a suitable carbon containing gaseous organic compound (for example, carbon monoxide) at 850 to 1200°C under a suitable pressure (for example, 0.1 to 10 atm.) for a suitable period of time (for example, 10 seconds to 180 minutes) , where the dry weight ratio between the carbon containing organic compound and the metal containing particles is at least 100:1 (carbon containing organic compound:metal containing particles) .
- suitable metal containing particles for example, iron, cobalt, or nickel particles with alumina as a carrier
- a suitable carbon containing gaseous organic compound for example, carbon monoxide
- the desirable surface interval of the carbon fibrils measured by wide angle X-Ray diffractometry is 3.38 to 3.50A, and the desirable diffraction angle is 25.5 to 26.3 degrees.
- the desirable amount of carbon fibrils is greater than 5 wt%, or preferably 5 to 60 wt%, versus the electrically insulating polymer compound.
- the ratio is below 5 wt%, sufficient electrical conductivity cannot be obtained, while the ratio above 60 wt% tends to lower the physical strength of the electro-conductive sheet, and also results in a poor contact with the anode or cathode layer, or outside collector plate.
- the electrically insultating polymer material used in the present invention be stable against alkaline solutions and acid solutions. Furthermore, it is preferable that the electrically insulating polymer compound be soluble in at least one kind of organic solvent because it is desirable to use the polymer in the form of a solution.
- 1,4-polybutadiene natural rubber, polyisoprene, SBR, NBR, EPDM, EPM, urethane rubber.
- polyester rubber chloroprene rubber, epichlorhydrin rubber, silicone rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene block co-polymers (called SBS hereinafter) , styrene-isoprene-styrene block co- polymers (called SIS hereinafter) , styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene co-polymers (called SEBS hereinafter) , butyl rubber, phosphazine rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethyleneoxide, polypropyleneoxide, polystylene, vinylchloride, ethylene-ethylacetate copolymers, 1,2-polybutadiene, epoxy resin, phenol resin, cyclic polybutadiene, cyclic poly
- the electro-conductive sheets covered by the present invention can be obtained by mixing, for example, the aforementioned particular carbon fibrils with a solution of an electrically insulating polymer compound, and then forming a sheet.
- carbon fibrils are mixed with a 3 to 25 wt% solution of polymer compound using a mixing device such as a ball mill.
- the obtained mixture (slurry) is coated on a flat sheet such as parchment paper with an applicator, then dried in order to form a film in which carbon fibrils are oriented parallel to the surface of the sheet.
- Carbon fibrils do not disperse uniformly when the polymer content in the polymer solution is below 3 wt%, and the obtained sheet tends to generate pin-holes.
- the polymer content exceeds 25 wt%, the viscosity of the solution becomes too high, making it more difficult to obtain uniform sheets.
- the figure is a cross-sectional view of a battery produced by the Test Examples and the Reference Test Example described below.
- the battery includes the following: electro-conductive sheet (1), stainless steel (2), anode compound (3), electrolyte sheet (4), zinc (5), and epoxy adhesive (6) .
- An electro-conductive sheet was produced by following the same procedure used for Application Examples l through 4, but adjusting the ratio of carbon fibrils against SBS to 2.5 wt%. Its electrical conductivity was measured and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Electrolysis manganese-oxide (62 wt parts) , acetylene black (8 wt parts) , ammonium chloride (14 wt parts) , zinc chloride (1 wt part) , water (12 wt parts) , mercury chloride (0.1 wt part), and Karaya rubber (0.2 wt part) were mixed and kneaded overnight using a ball mill. An anode compound was obtained by compressing this mixture at 25 kg/cm .
- the electrical discharge capacity down to 1.0 volt (per unit weight of anode compound) of the obtained battery was measured by discharging at 10 mA/cm 2 .
- the discharge initiating voltage was 1.65 V. Results are shown in Table 2.
- Electro-conductive sheets covered by the present invention can be made into a film without pin-holes with an accurate thickness. They also have superior adhesive characteristics and electrical conductivities. In addition, they do not cause swelling or deterioration by contacting with an electrolyte for a long period of time. Furthermore, batteries produced using these electro-conductive sheets have relatively small loss caused by the internal resistance during the discharge, hence offering batteries with superior discharge capacity and storage stability.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
- Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU61499/90A AU647407B2 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | Electro-conductive sheets |
SU925011012A RU2099805C1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | Conductive sheet |
EP90911564A EP0485438B1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | Electro-conductive sheets |
AT90911564T ATE151343T1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | ELECTROCONDUCTIVE SHEETS |
DE69030441T DE69030441D1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE LEAVES |
BR909007551A BR9007551A (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | ELECTRICITY CONDUCTING SHEETS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP1/189271 | 1989-07-21 | ||
JP01189271A JP3029115B2 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1989-07-21 | Conductive sheet |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1991001219A1 true WO1991001219A1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
Family
ID=16238525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US1990/004139 WO1991001219A1 (en) | 1989-07-21 | 1990-07-23 | Electro-conductive sheets |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5124075A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0485438B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3029115B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR0158218B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE151343T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU647407B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9007551A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2063803A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69030441D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1991001219A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0491728A1 (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1992-07-01 | Hyperion Catalysis Int | Resin compound. |
WO1994025268A1 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Three dimensional macroscopic assemblages of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and composites containing same |
EP0692136A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-01-17 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | High strength conductive polymers |
EP4023283A4 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-08-23 | Ito Co., Ltd. | Electroconductive rubber sheet and method for producing electroconductive rubber sheet |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6403696B1 (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 2002-06-11 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Fibril-filled elastomer compositions |
US5643670A (en) * | 1993-07-29 | 1997-07-01 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York At Buffalo | Particulate carbon complex |
US5861454A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1999-01-19 | Hyperion Catalysis Int'l | Rubber composition containing carbon fibrils and a pneumatic tire |
JPH07102120A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-04-18 | Hyperion Catalysis Internatl Inc | Carbon-fibril-filled rubber composition and pneumatic tire |
US5368913A (en) * | 1993-10-12 | 1994-11-29 | Fiberweb North America, Inc. | Antistatic spunbonded nonwoven fabrics |
US5514299A (en) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-05-07 | Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc. | Static dissipative container liner and method of making same |
US6207369B1 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 2001-03-27 | Meso Scale Technologies, Llc | Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
NZ306051A (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1999-11-29 | Meso Scale Technologies Llc | Testing using electrochemiluminescence |
US6140045A (en) | 1995-03-10 | 2000-10-31 | Meso Scale Technologies | Multi-array, multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
US6673533B1 (en) | 1995-03-10 | 2004-01-06 | Meso Scale Technologies, Llc. | Multi-array multi-specific electrochemiluminescence testing |
US6370290B1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2002-04-09 | Uniphase Corporation | Integrated wavelength-select transmitter |
US6079277A (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2000-06-27 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Methods and sensors for detecting strain and stress |
US7404403B2 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2008-07-29 | Christopher John Farrell | Oral appliance |
US6518218B1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2003-02-11 | General Electric Company | Catalyst system for producing carbon fibrils |
US6689613B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2004-02-10 | General Electric Company | Method for preparing and screening catalysts |
US6529312B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2003-03-04 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Anisometrically shaped carbon and/or graphite particles, liquid suspensions and films thereof and light valves comprising same |
US6987602B2 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2006-01-17 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Anisometrically shaped carbon and/or graphite particles, liquid suspensions and films thereof and light valves comprising same |
GB0103765D0 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2001-04-04 | Affitech As | Assay |
US6522446B2 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-02-18 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Anisometrically shaped metal particles, liquid suspensions and films thereof and light valves comprising same |
WO2003085681A1 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-16 | World Properties, Inc. | Electrically conductive polymeric foams and elastomers and methods of manufacture thereof |
EP2367176A3 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2011-11-02 | Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc. | Conductive resin film, collector and manufacturing process therefor |
US7000870B2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2006-02-21 | Aerion Corporation | Laminar flow wing for transonic cruise |
AU2004202518A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2005-01-06 | Christopher John Farrell | Oral appliance |
JP2007335206A (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2007-12-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Bipolar battery |
JP5447600B2 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2014-03-19 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Bipolar battery |
LT3027534T (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2017-10-10 | Roquette Freres | Flexible storage device comprising a flexible container, and an inner liner, method for the production thereof, and use therefor |
US10707531B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2020-07-07 | New Dominion Enterprises Inc. | All-inorganic solvents for electrolytes |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4663230A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1987-05-05 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3829327A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1974-08-13 | Kreha Corp | Carbon paper |
US4352768A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1982-10-05 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Fiber reinforced cathode for electrochemical cell |
JPS59210957A (en) * | 1983-05-17 | 1984-11-29 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Electrically conductive plastic film or sheet |
JPS6081768A (en) * | 1983-10-07 | 1985-05-09 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Solid electrolyte secondary cell |
US4980250A (en) * | 1986-05-13 | 1990-12-25 | Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc. | Secondary battery |
-
1989
- 1989-07-21 JP JP01189271A patent/JP3029115B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-07-23 EP EP90911564A patent/EP0485438B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-23 AU AU61499/90A patent/AU647407B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-23 CA CA002063803A patent/CA2063803A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-23 US US07/557,420 patent/US5124075A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-23 AT AT90911564T patent/ATE151343T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-23 KR KR1019920700150A patent/KR0158218B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-23 WO PCT/US1990/004139 patent/WO1991001219A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-07-23 DE DE69030441T patent/DE69030441D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-23 BR BR909007551A patent/BR9007551A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4663230A (en) * | 1984-12-06 | 1987-05-05 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0491728A1 (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1992-07-01 | Hyperion Catalysis Int | Resin compound. |
EP0491728A4 (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1992-10-07 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Resin compound |
EP0692136A1 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-01-17 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | High strength conductive polymers |
EP0692136A4 (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-08-21 | Hyperion Catalysis Int | High strength conductive polymers |
WO1994025268A1 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Three dimensional macroscopic assemblages of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and composites containing same |
AU693792B2 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1998-07-09 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Three dimensional macroscopic assemblages of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and composites containing same |
EP1416072A2 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 2004-05-06 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Three dimensional macroscopic assemblages of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and composites containing same |
EP1416072A3 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 2004-12-29 | Hyperion Catalysis International, Inc. | Three dimensional macroscopic assemblages of randomly oriented carbon fibrils and composites containing same |
EP4023283A4 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-08-23 | Ito Co., Ltd. | Electroconductive rubber sheet and method for producing electroconductive rubber sheet |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2063803A1 (en) | 1991-01-22 |
AU6149990A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
EP0485438A4 (en) | 1992-06-03 |
ATE151343T1 (en) | 1997-04-15 |
EP0485438A1 (en) | 1992-05-20 |
BR9007551A (en) | 1992-06-23 |
JP3029115B2 (en) | 2000-04-04 |
DE69030441D1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
KR0158218B1 (en) | 1998-12-15 |
US5124075A (en) | 1992-06-23 |
JPH0355709A (en) | 1991-03-11 |
EP0485438B1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
AU647407B2 (en) | 1994-03-24 |
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