Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
  • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
  • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
  • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
  • F03G6/065—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a Rankine cycle
  • F03G6/067—Binary cycle plants where the fluid from the solar collector heats the working fluid via a heat exchanger
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
  • F03G6/071—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
  • F03G6/121—Controlling or monitoring
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
  • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
  • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
  • F24S30/48—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with three or more rotation axes or with multiple degrees of freedom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
  • F24S2030/10—Special components
  • F24S2030/11—Driving means
  • F24S2030/115—Linear actuators, e.g. pneumatic cylinders
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
  • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
  • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
  • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
  • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
  • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking

Definitions

• the object of the invention is an equipment for the utilization of solar energy, especially for the production of electric energy, consisting of a paraboloid collector cons ⁇ compted of arched segments with double shell construction which can be turned on its convex side around a shaft in two directions and having a receiver in its focus.
• a paraboloid collector cons ⁇ corted of arched segments with double shell construction which can be turned on its convex side around a shaft in two directions and having a receiver in its focus.
• To the collec ⁇ tor are attached in equal division three supports fixed to the rim and protruding towards the focus and supporting the receiver; further at lea ' st two controlling mechanisms are connected to the outer surface of the collector and to the receiver an energy transformer containing also a heat trans ⁇ mitter and in a given case an energy storing unit is connec ⁇ ted as well.
• the US-PS 4,608,964 describes a su ⁇ ray collecting, tau ⁇ tened mirror assembled from segments into a paraboloid sur ⁇ face the inside of which is coated with reflecting material and in the middle of the paraboloid a circular opening is left.
• the heat exchanger tower fixed to the earth.
• Lifting and lowering of the mirror is executed by tightening ropes led through pulleys fixed to the earth and to the supports fixed to the outer perimeter of the mirror's rim in a circular form.
• the other end of the ropes is fixed to the tightening drums anchored to the earth.
• the disadvantage of this solution is that the sun collector (mirror) can be moved only vertically and thus following the movement of the sun is unsolved.
• 0 170 610 describes a parabola mirror assembled from a few pieces in which the inner surface of the paraboloid construction assembled from radial arched rib elements and connected together by radially and cross-strin ⁇ ged staves is covered by reflecting sheets. Though in this soluiton it is possible to execute an in-situ assembly, but after that it is impossible to shift them into an exact posi ⁇ tion or to modify their bearing.
• the GB-PS No. 2 060 926 describes a sunray utilizing equipment where the collector is situated on a supporting stay fixed to the earth by a spherical bearing on the collec ⁇ tor's concave surface, and the movement of the collector is done by two driving mechanism one end of which is fixed to the rim of the collector, while the other end to the earth. In this solution the protection against wind load is not solved. It is also impossible to move the relatively high surfaced parabola mirror horizontally in the plane of the earth surface.
• the aim of this invention is to eliminate the disadvan ⁇ tages of the known equipments and to create such an equipment taking up minimal land area; in which the distance between the reflecting and heat receiving apparatuses does not even reach a tenth of that in the traditional solar power plants and therefore the losses on account of atmospherical causes can be taken for minimal, further there is no need to build a tower and with this and by the reduction of the dimensions of the very expensive heat storing tanks or by their cheaper execution significant expenses can be economized with equal output. Further, the aim of the invention is to build an equipment which can be equally situated on land or water surface and in which both protection against wind load and rolling sea is ensured.
• the invention sets off from the perception that the supporting and driving mechanism of a paraboloid collector of great dimension (100 - 300 m diameter) can be executed simp ⁇ ler if the collector is made of a light construction, and its transport and assembly can be solved easily, if the structure is built up of module panel elements. A further weight reduction can be achieved by putting up the paraboloid col ⁇ lector on water. In this solution the unlimited availability of the cooling agent required for the condensation is also solved .
• the aim of the invention can be achieved most generally by an equipment, where a telescopic positional main console is connected with the collector by a spherical bearing, supporting the collector on-line with its axis of rotation, enabling its discretional turning between the terminus points; the main con-sole being fixed at its bottom and driven hydraulically.
• FurtTier, the rim of the collector and the circular ring of smaller diameter parallel with the rim has a constructionally strengthened form and where in equal divi ⁇ sion to the rim at least three tightening ropes are attached, supplyed at their upper end with a tightening mechanism and fixed at their bottom end to the footing.
• the support or the movement of the collector is advan ⁇ tageously secured by forming an equipment according to the invention, where along with the rim of the collector and parallel with it, co ⁇ structionally strengthened circular ring, in equal distance to each other at least three tele- scopic driving elements are connected; these are revolving in all directions and are driven hydraulically . Their other end are also revolving and attached to the support.
• a second body of revolution, favourably hemisphere or a spherical calotte of lesser surface is formed on the outer surface, axis symmetrically to the collector in a way that the common arc of the two bodies of rotation is lesser than or equal to the strengthened circular ring of the collector.
• constructional brace elements are situated between the collector and the calotte, and the telescopic main console is connected with it in the common axis of the calotte and the collector.
• the telescopic driving element is con- nected with the collector by an auxiliary driving mechanism consisting of cog-wheels and toothed bar where the wheels are mounted on the motor shaft connected to a turnable base around the shaft in one direction and controlled by electric signal; the shaft is fixed to the upper end of the telescopic driving element, whereas the toothed bar is connected with the collector by a spherical bearing.
• an advanta ⁇ geous solution can be achieved by an auxiliary anchoring, wherein on both sides of the collector a tubular tower is fix to the base by tightening ropes and connected to the upper end of the tower by ropes revided in equal distance from each other on the rim of the collector.
• the tightening mechanism of the ropes of the present invention is fixed to the rim and consists of a cable drum, transmission drive, driving motor and electromagnetic posi ⁇ tional fixing device.
• the hydraulic control unit operating the telescopic main console and telescopic driving elements and the applied tightening mechanisms are supplied with control accesses controlled by electric signals and are con ⁇ nected to the control system of a computer ensuring electro ⁇ nic, synchronized control.
• the equipment under the invention can equally be situa- ted on land or water.
• the equipment In case of land erection, for instance in a desert, the equipment should be situated in a concrete lined pit of suitable dimensions, under the surface of the earth and having a rim extending preferably over the surface; the pit should correspond to the displacement of the equipment in a way that in its basic position the rim paral ⁇ lel with the horizon should be at a height over the earth surface.
• the collector and the calotte consist of arched fields of equal constructional solution, where the arched fields are formed from arched rib-elements and single ribcarcass and the space among them is filled out with a single layer of lattice-work.
• a protecting wall is applied; encircling the pit preferably in form of a circular ring, being constructed of a few meter high concrete or light structure elements and spragged from inside by supports.
• a cover sheet is applied which can be drawn to the middle of the pit by a driving mechanism situated on the opposite side and driving ropes of suitable length corresponding with the diameter of the pit; the cover sheet has undercuts corresponding with the supports or is devided into two parts.
• props are applied which go through the holes made in the rim of the pit's shell over the earth surface and run parallel with each other or put into the notches made in the concrete shell.
• the pedestal In case of erecting the equipment under the invention on water, the pedestal is situated in all cases under the surfa ⁇ ce of the water, while the rim of the collector over this.
• the telescopic moving elements of the collector are covered by flexible, watertight casing of variable dimension and the collector is supplied from its outer surface on the eastern and western side with air bags comprising a plurality of hole chambers separated from each other by walls. The ear bags become gradually thinner towards their edges.
• the pedestal is situated on stilted footing placed into the lower soil.
• the collector and the calotte is formed of arched fields of equal constructional solution, where all of the fields constituting the collector and the calotte consist of arched, double rib elements.
• the external and internal rib carcasses are con ⁇ ec- ted by distance panel elements; the space between the arched rib elements and the panel elements is filled out by a multi ⁇ layer lattice-work, where the layers are connected to each other by joining elements and covered from the external side by casette elements joining with the rim of the reinforced lattice structure, while the edges of the casette elements and the surfaces of the joining elements on one side are closed by glued, elastic plastic strips.
• the casette elements are made of synthetic resin reinforced with glass fibre and are preferably glued to the rim. In case of the equipment of the invention being situated on water the regulated water surface is surrounded by a dam provided with sluices and wind abating elements situated on its top.
• the wind abating ele ⁇ ments are connected to the dam by fix joining or by tele ⁇ scopic moving elements driven hydraulically .
• a power plant can also be implemented so that more solar collector will be situated on the regulated water surface surrounded by the dam with sluices.
• a reservoir displaced higher than the natural water level will be connected to it with a water conduit, pumps turbines and generators for the purpose of generating elect- ric energy in the period of peak load or in lack of solar radiation .
• the collector applied in the equipment of the invention is covered from inside with reflecting plates being directed to the focus of the collector, having a reflective surface on the concave side, being made preferably of glass fibre rein ⁇ forced synthetic resin and being fixed on the inner side of the collector by spring screwed connection adjustable through the bores made on the rib elements.
• the arched rib elements, the distance panel elements, the lattice-works and other constructional elements are also made of a multilayer, glass fibre reinforced synthetic resin basic material and are con ⁇ nected to each other by bolting or glueing.
• the equipment under the invention can be attained in a way that the elements of the heat recipient and energy transforming system will be situated in the receiver, while the heat storage tanks supplied with suitable heat insulating casing and ensuring the short energy storage will be situated in the spherical calotte.
• the equipment under the invention can also be advantageously accomplished so that the heat recipient will be situated in the receiver, and the elements of the energy transforming system and the insula ⁇ ted heat storage tanks ensuring a short energy storage in the calotte.
• the elements of the energy transforming system will be situated in a container kept during the moving of the collector always in a horizontal position, suspended on both sides of the supporting construc ⁇ tion joined with the calotte and driven hydraulically by tele ⁇ scopic moving elements.
• the container is joined to the circu- lar ring of the collector and its rib carcass by one or more shock absorber and to a suitable bracing construction.
• the equipment under the invention can also be co ⁇ structed so that the heat recipient will be situated in the receiver, the elements of the energy transforming system and the heat storing tanks ensuring a short energy storage beside the collector, on a platform over the water surface or in case of mainland displacement outside the concrete lined pit, on the soil level.
• the energy transforming system in the equipment under the invention consists of the elements of the Brayton gas-circu ⁇ lation, i.e. compressor, pre-heater, gas heater and turboge- nerator units or equipment applying liquid sodium as trans ⁇ mitting agent, consisting of a steam generator, turbogenera ⁇ tor, condenser, pre-heater feed-water supplier and if requi ⁇ red heat storage units.
• the Brayton gas-circu ⁇ lation i.e. compressor, pre-heater, gas heater and turboge- nerator units or equipment applying liquid sodium as trans ⁇ mitting agent, consisting of a steam generator, turbogenera ⁇ tor, condenser, pre-heater feed-water supplier and if requi ⁇ red heat storage units.
• the condenser can also be connected with the equipment of the Ranki ⁇ e circulation (evaporator /Rankine boiler/, turbogenerator, condenser) or with the equipment of seawater desalination (for inst. multi-bodied vacuum destillator) .
• a hydrogene producing system with transmitting agent is utilized parallel with the energy transforming system or instead of it.
• FIG. 1 shows one of the advantageous embodiments of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment according to the invention
• Fig. 2 another advantageous embodiment of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment under the invention
• FIG. 4 a still another embodiment of the supporting and moving construction of the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 5 a variant of the equipment under the invention situated in a pit sunk into the earth
• Fig. 6 top-view of the protective elements applied in the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 8 constructional detail of the covering sheets according to Fig. 6,
• Fig. 9 top-view of the constructional displacement of the protecting wall as per Fig. 6,
• FIG. 10a top-view of the supporting bars serving the support of the covering sheet as per Fig. 6,
• Fig. 10b schematic view of the displacement of the supporting bars in the concrete shell serving the support of the covering sheet as per Fig. 6,
• FIG. 11a schematic view of the equipment under the invention situated on water
• Fig. 12 schematic view of the variant of the equipment under the invention, situated on water and supplied with footing
• Fig. 13 schematic view of the equipment under the invention situated on water and supplied with protecting dam
• Fig. 14a possible embodiment of the protecting dam with wind abating elements applied in the variant of Fig. 13, Fig. 14b another possible embodiment of the protecting dam with wind abating elements applied in the variant as per Fig. 13,
• Fig. 15 schematic view of the power plant implemented from the equipment under the invention and completed with water reservoir
• Fig. 16 schematic view of the tightening mechanism applied with the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 16 schematic view of the tightening mechanism applied with the equipment under the invention
• FIG. 17 schematic view of the telescopic moving element with watertight casing applied in the equipment under the invention, situated on water
• Fig. 18 schematic view of the telescopic moving element applied in the equipment under the invention, situated on the mainland
• Fig. 19 a possible embodiment of the collector's shell construction of the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 20 schematic view of the spherical calotte formed under the collector of the equipment under the invention
• FIG. 21b cross-section of the spherical calotte of the equipment under the invention containing the energy transforming and storing tanks, in inclined position
• Fig. 22 arrangement scheme of the energy transforming units situated in the container as per the embodiment according to Fig. 21, Fig. 23 arrangement scheme of the delivery conduits of the transmitting agent starting from the receiver and the receiver itself, contained in the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 24a a possible embodiment for the construction of the receiver applied in the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 25 a variant of the equipment under the 'invention situated on water and the energy transforming units put up beside the equipment
• Fig. 26 cross-section of. the conduit for the transmitting agent enclosed in the multilayer heat insulating tube applied in the embodiment as per Fig. 25,
• Fig. 27 view of the inner surface of the collector applied in the equipment under the invention
• Fig. 28 the rib carcass filled by a one-layer lattice-work, forming the collector
• Fig. 29 the double-walled, filled with multilayer lattice- work rib carcass, forming the collector
• Fig. 30 the interrelation of the distance panels and rib elements applied with the double-walled rib carcass
• Fig. 31 the fitting-i ⁇ of the connecting toothed elements covering the end of the distance panel elements
• Fig. 32 a possible variant of the extension for the rib elements
• Fig. 33 perspective view of the solution as per Fig. 32
• Fig. 34 the fitti ⁇ g-in of the casette elements covering the outer surface of the double-walled rib carcass
• Fig. 35 a further possible variant for the fitting-in of the distance panel elements
• Fig. 36 perspective view of the displacement as per Fig. 35
• Fig. 37 a possible variant of the crosswise joining of the rib elements
• Fig. 38 the connecting element applied with the multilayer lattice-work
• Fig. 39 the fixing of the rib elements and the reflecting plates to each other.
• Fig. 1 can be seen the most simple embodiment of the equipment under the invention.
• the collector 1 is supplied at its bottom with a spherical calotte 2.
• the telescopic main console 5 hydraulically driven by a spherical joint 12.
• the bottom end of the telescopic main console 5 is fixed to the footing 13.
• the tightening ropes 7 supplied with the truss 9.
• the other ends of the ropes 7 are fixed to the supports 8. Beside this, three supports 11 fixing in the focus the receiver 10 extending towards the focus are connected to the rim of the collector 1.
• the main console 5 connecting the spherical joint under the focus point of the collector's shaft may move the collec ⁇ tor only in vertical direction by moving its hydraulic cylin ⁇ der. To move sideways is hindered by the fixed position at the bottom of the main console 5.
• the movement of the collec ⁇ tor following the movement of the sun is carried out by the tightening ropes 7 of the truss 9 controlled by a computer.
• a computer In the embodiment illustrated on Fig.
• the supporting and driving mechanism of the equipment under the invention is so modified that the collector 1 is supplied with a circular ring 4 constructio ⁇ ally strengthened along the arc contacting the calotte or on a greater arc, where the telescopic moving element 6 hydraulically driven is joined to the circular ring 4 at least by three at equally devided distance and can be turned in either direction.
• the telescopic moving elements 6 at their lower end can be also turned in either direction and are joined to the footing 13 along the periphery of the strengthened circular ring having the same or greater diame- ter bottom ring, in equal division.
• the moving elements 6 are suspended on both their ends by spherical joints.
• a northern or southern moving element or rigid support 6 can be found on the upper end of which a triangle shaped platform IS with its vertex showing downward and tur ⁇ able around a shaft, and on the platform an electric drive motor 15 with multistage clutch and controlled by the computer is situated.
• a cog-wheel 16 connected to the toothed bar 17 by the spherical joint 20 of the collector 1.
• the toothed bar 17 is indented on both sides and at the same height with the cog-wheel 16 driven by the motor 15, on the other side of the bar a free turning cog-wheel pressing close the cog-wheel 16 to the toothed bar is situated.
• a tower 21 made of rust-proof steel tube is situated perpendicularly to the axis of the collector outside the sphere of the collector's movement and fixed N-S direc ⁇ tion into a concrete block embedded into the soil.
• a circular ring is connected with bol ⁇ ting to each vertical, outer rib end to which in a correspon ⁇ ding number and distance the ends of holding ropes 23 are fixed.
• the other ends of the ropes are coiled onto the drum a the top of the tower 21 (inside).
• the drive of the drums is executed by a multistage electric motor with clutch and transmission-gear, controlled by a computer.
• both tower 21 the holding ropes 23 from the opposite side are led and tightened to such a degree that they should not hinder the movement of the collector.
• the continuous shortening and lengthening (coiling and loosening) of the ropes 23 is synch ⁇ ronized with the collector's movement.
• For the stabilization of the tower 21 serves the anchoring by the tightening ropes 22.
• Fig. 5 The variant of the equipment under the invention sunk into the soil is illustrated in Fig. 5.
• a civil envi ⁇ ronment rich in solar radiation for instance in case of setting up in a desert, the equipment will be situated in a concrete lined pit 31, formed under the earth level
• the pit has a rim extending over the sur ⁇ face. In basic position the rim 3 parallel with the horizon is over the soil surface 30.
• the computer can be set up together with the control mechanism and the battery units within the pit of outside.
• the energy transforming unit 28 will be situated outside the pit over the earth surface 30 and connected by a pipeline to the collector 1 and the receiver 10 situated in its focus. Beside the energy transforming unit 28 will be erected the cooling tower 29 of type Heller serving for the cooling of the condenser.
• the surface of sand around the pit will be covered by low shrub binding the sand or sui- tably shaped sand retaining screen and culvert.
• a collapsible screen made of light material plastic will be drawn over the sunk collector by a driving mechanism.
• Fig. 6 to 10 illustrates such protecting elements which in case of mainly mainland, especially desert displacement will be suitable for the protection of the equipment from greater amount of sand, dust.
• the collector 1 situated in the concrete lined pit 31 is surrounded by a few meters high protecting wall 34 made of concrete or light structural elements 34, strengthened from within by supports 33.
• a covering sheet 38 is applied which has a dimension corresponding to the diameter of the pit 31, coiled on the shaft 35, having on the opposite side a driving mechanism 36 by drawing ropes 37 and can be drawn to the middle of the pit; the covering sheet 38 has undercuts 39 corresponding to the supports 11 of the receiver 10, or is devided into two parts.
• props 40 are applied, put through parallel to each other and perpendicu ⁇ larly to the moving direction of the sheet through the holes made on the rim of the concrete lining of the pit, over the earth surface, or placed into the cuts made on the rim of the concrete lined pit 31.
• the moving mechanism 36 performing the movement of the covering sheet 38 can be manually driven, but it might have a driving motor as well.
• hooks 41 are situated which slide into each other after drawing the cover sheets 38 together and hinder their slipping .
• Fig. 11a shows the equipment under the invention situa- ted on water, where the collector 1 is placed onto a water surface with regulated level in a way that the footing 13 is situated under the water level 42, while the rim 3 of the collector 1 in all cases over the water level 42.
• the collec ⁇ tor 1 is supplied from the outside with air bags 44 with hole spaces separated from each other by walls on the eastern and western side; the air bags are continuously thinning towards their edges.
• the hydraulic control unit 43 On the footing 13 is also situated the hydraulic control unit 43. However, the control unit can be also situated on a platform over the water surface.
• Fig. lib the top-view of the air bags 44 is illustrated.
• Fig. 12 shows also a variant displaced on water.
• the footing 13 is placed on stilted supports 45 embedded into the lower soil.
• Fig. 13 illustrates variant displaced on water, where the water surface with regulated level 42 is surrounded by a dam 46 with sluices and by wind abating elements placed over it.
• the wind abating elements 47 are connected to the dam 46 in the variant according to Fig. 14a with fix joining, and to that according to Fig. 14b with pins 48 and with preferably hydraulically driven telescopic moving elements 49.
• Fig. 13 shows the basic position of the collector 1 in a sunk position, where the rim 3 of the collector 1 is in horizontal plane.
• Fig. 15 shows the power plant implemented from equipments according to the invention, supplemented by a water reser ⁇ voir. In case of sea water the protecting dam should be constructed at such a height that it should exceed the highest tide and the height of the waves.
• Fig.16 illustrates the schematic view of the tightening construction applied in the equipment under the invention, fixed to the rim 3 of the collector 1.
• the construction 9 consists of cable-drum 24, driving mechanism 25 with trans- mission, driving motor 26 and electromagnetic positioning device 27.
• the tightening ropes 7 fixed to the footing 8 at their lower end and the tightening devices 9 executing their tightening and slackening ensure the directional and posi- tional stability of the collector 1 even in case of greater wind load.
• Fig. 19 illustrates one of the possible forms of the collector's 1 shell construction applied with the equipment under the invention.
• the collector 1 is fixed to the spheri- cal joint 12 embedded onto a suitably dimensioned bronze bushing, connected with the upper end of the main console 5, where in this execution has such a double shell construction where betwen the external and internal wall greater storage spaces are situated limited by bracings. Within this spaces are situated for instance the isolated heat storage tanks 57 ensuring the short time energy storage.
• a spherical calotte 2 is formed under the collector 1 of the equip- ent.
• the spherical joint 12 is connected with the calotte, fixed at the upper end of the main console 5.
• the space between the collector 1 and the calotte 2 is trussed by aracing struts. In this space are situated the isolated heat storage tanks 57 ensuring the short time heat storage.
• a spherical calotte 2 of greater dimension is illustrated in Fig. 21a and 21b.
• the container 56 is suspended over its centre of gravity on one side with hydraulically operated telescopic moving elements 59, on the other side with rigid supports connected at its upper end to joints to the support construction 79 connected with the calotte 2.
• the container 56 is connected to the strengthened circular ring 4 of the collector and the bracing construction 79 suitably formed and connected to the rib carcass of the collector by shock absorbers 58.
• the container 56 suspended over its centre of gravity and thus the enclosed energy transforming equipment are always in horizontal position. This is ensured in E-W direction by the suspension, while in N-S direction by the telescopic moving mechanisms 59.
• the shock absorbers 58 serve the shock absorbers 58.
• the pipes leading to and from the container are of spiral form and flexible with suitable heat isolation.
• Fig. 22 can be seen the displacement of the energy transforming units in the container 56.
• the steam generator 60 is connected with the feedwater supply tank 61 with its pump and condenser 63.
• the steam generator 60 is connected by the prime steam-pipe with the high pressure steam turbine 62a, while the secondary steam-pipe 66 for the steam re-heating with the medium pressure steam turbine 62b.
• the latter's steam-pipe is led into low pressure turbines 62c from where the expanded steam is delivered through pipeline 67 to the condenser 63.
• the steam turbine with common rotation axis is connected with the generator 62d.
• the pipeline 69 delivering the cooling agent serving for the cooling of the condenser 63 is also led through the container 56 is continued in a flexible form.
• the hot sodium as transmitting agent evaporates the water in the steam generator 60 and overheats the generated steam.
• the overheated steam flows at a temperature of 538 C into the high pressure steam turbine 62a, where it expands.
• the steam will be heated up to the required temperature in a re-heater - heated by the draw ⁇ -off steam of the high pressure turbine or by the heat exchanger (steam generator) inserted into the sodium cycle - and the re-heated steam operates the medium pressure steam turbine 62b. This latter turbine's discharging steam is expanded to condensation pressure by the low pressure steam turbines 62c.
• Fig. 23 shows the layout of the pipeline 64 delivering the transmitting agent, setting out from the receiver 10 and the receiver 10 itself.
• the pip ⁇ lin ⁇ for th ⁇ transmitting agent 64 run for a certain distance in the hollow of the supports 11, then led through a hole to the axis point of the paraboloid collector 1 and from there again through a hole into the inside of the calotte 2 and end in the heat exchan ⁇ ger tank or tanks of the steam generator.
• the regulating valve opens the way of the hot sodium from the heat storing tank to the steam generator 60 and it will be pumped from th ⁇ hot h ⁇ at storag ⁇ tanks through the heat generator into the ⁇ mpty sodi ⁇ um storage tanks. This process continues until the intensity of the solar radiation does not reach a respectiv ⁇ l ⁇ vel, or until th ⁇ hot sodium contain ⁇ d in the storage tanks is not sp ⁇ nt.
• the temporary clouding is reduc ⁇ d or finished the original sodium cycl ⁇ is reset by the regulating valve.
• the fe ⁇ d back of the sodium having lost its heat energy is regulated by the valve and the pumps delivers it from the steam gen ⁇ rator 60 and th ⁇ cold sodium tanks into the recei ⁇ ver 10 containing the heat receiver 68.
• Fig. 24a illustrates th ⁇ r ⁇ c ⁇ iv ⁇ r 10, wh ⁇ r ⁇ th ⁇ ⁇ nergy transforming units, for inst.
• the condenser for the supply of the required cooling liquid for its operation is connected with the cooling tank situated under the water level by pipeline formed inside the receiver.
• the receiver 10 is in an arched, conical body of revolution containing a concave truncated cone from inside.
• the dimension of the aperture and depth (surface) of the hole made in the receiver 10 is - taking into consideration th ⁇ quantity (amount) of the concentrated energy - so determin ⁇ d that the en ⁇ rgy amount per one square meter of the black, concave truncated cone surface of the receiv ⁇ r should not cause a higher temperatur ⁇ flux than 2 MW/sq.m in ord ⁇ r to r ⁇ duce the thermic stress of the heat receiving pipes 68 on the surface.
• the recessed heat receiver is supplied with radial heat exchanger surfaces in a way that the half meter wide and one meter long she ⁇ ts ar ⁇ shaped into segm ⁇ nts of truncat ⁇ d co ⁇ .
• Each sh ⁇ et containes small diameter pipes (their inner dia being 2 cm) welded together a fitting membran ⁇ of truncated cone.
• the pipes led very near to each other and led spiralically are also welded onto a membran ⁇ .
• the solar rays coll ⁇ ct ⁇ d from th ⁇ r ⁇ flecting surface of the paraboloid collector and conc ⁇ trat ⁇ d in its focus strik ⁇ against the inner surface of the heat rec ⁇ iv ⁇ r, wh ⁇ re the black cover collects the heat.
• the sodium cooling liquid entering the central leading opening of the sheet at a temperature of about 320 °C, will be h ⁇ at ⁇ d up and delivers the h ⁇ at.
• Th ⁇ sodium flow's temperature is controlled between the sheets by electromag ⁇ netic sensors in order to have the temperature of the hot sodium at th ⁇ discharg ⁇ opn ⁇ ings at 593 °C, not regarding the changes of the solar rays' intensity.
• the inner (r ⁇ ar) sid ⁇ of th ⁇ sheets ar ⁇ insulat ⁇ d in th ⁇ interest of reducing thermic losses.
• Fig. 24b only the pip ⁇ line of the heat receiver 68 and the co ⁇ ect ⁇ d elem ⁇ ts in a narrower sense are located in the receiver 10.
• the degasifier valve 71 serves during filling the removal of the air, later the evolving gas bubbles and the pressur ⁇ ⁇ qualization of th ⁇ system.
• Fig. 25 shows the variation of the equipm ⁇ t und ⁇ r the invention located on water, where the energy transforming units are plac ⁇ d on stilted support 78 embedd ⁇ d und ⁇ r th ⁇ wat ⁇ r surfac ⁇ onto a r ⁇ inforc ⁇ d co ⁇ cr ⁇ te footing.
• the energy transforming units are plac ⁇ d on stilted support 78 embedd ⁇ d und ⁇ r th ⁇ wat ⁇ r surfac ⁇ onto a r ⁇ inforc ⁇ d co ⁇ cr ⁇ te footing.
• These are: the st ⁇ am g ⁇ n ⁇ rator 60, the turbogenerator 62, the feedwater tank 61, The condenser 63 and the heat storage tanks 57.
• the heat receiver and the steam generator are conn ⁇ ct ⁇ d by a fl ⁇ xibl ⁇ pipe of the transmitting agent 64 with multilayer isolation, led through the lowermost point of the calotte 2; wher ⁇ th ⁇ pipeline starts from the heat r ⁇ ceiv ⁇ r and b ⁇ longs to th ⁇ sodium cycl ⁇ .
• th ⁇ collector equipm ⁇ t located directly along each other can also be connect ⁇ d to th ⁇ common ⁇ nergy transforming equipment.
• Fig. 26 illustrates a detail of the pip ⁇ lin ⁇ -s ⁇ ction , l ⁇ d under the wat ⁇ r surface, surrounded by multilayer isolation serving for the delivery of the transmitting agent 64, appli ⁇ d in th ⁇ ⁇ mbodime ⁇ t according to Fig.
• the pipeline for the transmitting agent 64 is surrounded by heat isolation tubes 73 and 74.
• This multilayer pipeline is placed into a helical, felxible tube 76 so that betw ⁇ n th ⁇ heat isolating tube 74 and the tube 76 distance elements 75 are located.
• In the outer, watertight metal tube 77 is located the helical pipeline for the transmitting agent 64 with multilayer isolation.
• Fig. 27 shows the construction of the inner surface of the collector applied in the equipment under the invention.
• the arched constructional elements required for the collector are made of epoxy-resine str ⁇ ngth ⁇ ned with multilayer glass fibre.
• the carcass of the collector is composed of vertical and horizontal arched rib elements 81 connected to each other by dowel pins and glueing.
• the inner rib carcass shaped as a netting is str ⁇ ngth ⁇ n ⁇ d by transverse bracing ribs 83.
• bore holes 85 located perpendicularly, at regular distance from each other.
• Fig. 28 shows one of the arched fields constituting the collector and the spherical calotte, where the trapezoid surface bordered by the rib elements 81 is filled out by a si ⁇ gle-lay ⁇ r trellis 87.
• the partial fields of the trellis 87 having also trapezoid shaped arched fields are supplied in case of the collector located on water, by external watertight covering.
• the watertight cover consists of cas ⁇ tte elem ⁇ ts 92 fix ⁇ d into th ⁇ rim 95 on the edge of the tr ⁇ llis 87 and glued to the edges by plastic isolating strips 93.
• the fitting-in of the casette elem ⁇ nts 92 to th ⁇ rim 95 of th ⁇ rib ⁇ lements 81 and their covering by plastic strips 93 is illustrated in Fig. 34.
• Fig. 29 shows a detail of the collector formed from the rib carcass filled out with double-walled, multilay ⁇ r tr ⁇ llis.
• th ⁇ inn ⁇ r and out ⁇ r rib carcass is conn ⁇ ct ⁇ d by distanc ⁇ panel elements 86, while the single layers of the multilayer trellis 87 by joining elements 94 made out of tubes having at th ⁇ ir ⁇ nds transv ⁇ rsal cuts, as shown in Fig. 29.
• Fig. 30 illustrates the connection of the distance panels applied in the double-walled rib carcass and the rib el ⁇ m ⁇ nts.
• Th ⁇ distance pan ⁇ l ⁇ l ⁇ m ⁇ nts 86 joining on both sid ⁇ s the outer and inner ribs 81 constitute sandwich- elements joined to each other by indented joining elements shown in Fig. 31.
• the ends of the ribs 81 have a pinned 88 form and are fix ⁇ d to ⁇ ach other by glueing.
• the forced glueing material through the bore holes 85 serves for the rigid, solid fixing.
• Fig. 32 and 33 show a possible variant for the elongation of the rib elements 81, where they are shaped by hollow and pinned ended bores. After fitting tog ⁇ th ⁇ r and glu ⁇ pr ⁇ ss ⁇ d into th ⁇ bor ⁇ hol ⁇ s 85 the full stability of the fitted together elements can be secured.
• Fig. 37 shows another possible co ⁇ ctio ⁇ of the rib elements in a crosswise way.
• th ⁇ horizontal and vertical ribs 81 having pinned and dented ends are con ⁇ ct ⁇ d with ⁇ l ⁇ ments 97 having pins and bores.
• Th ⁇ orientation of the paraboloid coll ⁇ ctor concentrating the solar energy into the central computer is ensur ⁇ d by the run of the programme previously set according to the geographycal location, the calendar day and the daily schedule, further by th ⁇ signals given from the one-one pair of photodiodes mounted to the upper rim of the collector and oriented E-W and N-S. The photodiodes are used for correcting the failures arising out of the eventual inaccuracy of the computer programme.
• the hydraulic system is most suitable in the form of a closed cycle with variable flow and direction, synchronized, slow and quick, ungraded, suitable for speed controlled movem ⁇ t with direction switch and with single operated cylinders and brake-switch.
• the data storage of the central computer contains a programme corresponding to the geographycal location
• the computer will select out of these previously input programme elaborated to the calendar year the daily operational programme and starts it in the morning.
• the automatic control according to the programme can be set into manual control in case of necessity (for instance longer, early morning clouding over, rain etc.).
• the positioning of the paraboloid collector into horizontal basic position, or in cas ⁇ of a br ⁇ ak-dow ⁇ its setting into an opposite direction against the sun, or in case of emergency the flooding of the collector synchronized with its lowering is carried out by th ⁇ computer as well.
• the control, steering and counterch ⁇ cki ⁇ g tasks r ⁇ quir ⁇ d for the fully automatic operation of the solar ⁇ n ⁇ rgy plant is carried out by a high-output computer with a gr ⁇ at storing capacity and ⁇ nsures th ⁇ s ⁇ lf-r ⁇ gulation of th ⁇ system.
• the computer is connected to a highly exact watch, to a wind-pressure meter and other measuring instruments, further to all operating ⁇ quipments of a solar power plant. Beside the operating comput ⁇ r there is also a stand-by one, which in case of a breakdown of the first, takes over automatically all control, operational functions of the faulty computer.
• the equipm ⁇ nt according to the present invention due to its location and other advantageous possibilities can be especially beneficial for the production of hydroge ⁇ e.
• a hydrog ⁇ producing syst ⁇ m with transmitting agent is situated parallel or instead of the energy transforming system applied in the equipment according to the invention.
• the system may operate for instance by th ⁇ hybrid electrolysing process of Z. Takehara & S.
• One of the possible methods of further utilization of the fre ⁇ d h ⁇ at ⁇ nergy in the co ⁇ d ⁇ ns ⁇ r is to supply th ⁇ seewater desalinating equipment with energy.
• ultibodied vacuum distillers are most advantag ⁇ ously us ⁇ d.
• this energy can be utilized in a further energy producing cycle, the so-called Ra ⁇ ki ⁇ e-cycle.
• the advantages of using light structural material can be further coupl ⁇ d with advantag ⁇ s, like the great strength realized by fibre strengthening, during the production of the elements the dimensional accuracy and at the assembly in situ the lasting, rigid connenciton ensur ⁇ d by glueing and finally the resista ⁇ c ⁇ against corrosion.
• the invention ensur ⁇ s the condensation causing well- known serious problems in other kinds of power plants, locating the equipm ⁇ nt on water by utilizing the unlimited, available amount of cooling agent, at a very cheap investment and coupled with other kind of en ⁇ rgy utilizing solutions (s ⁇ e-water d ⁇ salination or Rankin ⁇ -cycl ⁇ ) .

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10948660

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (26)

Citations (6)

• 1988
  • 1988-01-22 HU HU24088A patent/HU51370A/hu unknown
• 1989
  • 1989-04-27 WO PCT/HU1989/000016 patent/WO1990012989A1/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events