WO1990012261A1 - Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude - Google Patents

Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990012261A1
WO1990012261A1 PCT/US1989/001576 US8901576W WO9012261A1 WO 1990012261 A1 WO1990012261 A1 WO 1990012261A1 US 8901576 W US8901576 W US 8901576W WO 9012261 A1 WO9012261 A1 WO 9012261A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
mov
energy transfer
cycle
transfer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1989/001576
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Davey Jenkins Chance
Original Assignee
Voltage Regulated Systems Of South Carolina, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voltage Regulated Systems Of South Carolina, Inc. filed Critical Voltage Regulated Systems Of South Carolina, Inc.
Priority to PCT/US1989/001576 priority Critical patent/WO1990012261A1/fr
Publication of WO1990012261A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990012261A1/fr
Priority to KR1019900702598A priority patent/KR920700380A/ko

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1051—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/168—Reducing the electric power demand peak
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F24H15/225—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank at different heights of the tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
    • G05D23/1923—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller using thermal energy, the cost of which varies in function of time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12—The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • H02J2310/14—The load or loads being home appliances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances
    • Y04S20/244—Home appliances the home appliances being or involving heating ventilating and air conditioning [HVAC] units

Definitions

  • the invention relates to energy transfer controllers, and more specifically, to energy transfer controllers for use in such systems to sequentially increase the energy transfer rate from an electric utility system to the hot water system in accordance with a predetermined time-amplitude modulated cycle to permit the utility system power loading to be controlled, thereby reducing the cost of energy usage.
  • the disclosed hot water system which comprises the preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes a controller which provides means for transferring energy from a source to the hot water system in accordance with a predetermined time-amplitude modulated cycle with the cycle determined by a digital processor.
  • a controller which provides means for transferring energy from a source to the hot water system in accordance with a predetermined time-amplitude modulated cycle with the cycle determined by a digital processor.
  • Auxiliary inputs are provided permitting the electric utility to randomly modify the energy transfer cycle to aid in management of the utility load. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the controller and the flexible energy cycle implemented thereby may be useful in a variety of other applications.
  • the invention was specifically developed to provide an improved hot water heater utilizing a controller permitting the energy transfer rate to be modified by both the customer and the utility to reduce cost of energy usage. It is with respect to such an application that the preferred embodiment of the invention is discussed in detail below.
  • the details of the energy transfer cycle are determined by a combination of customer specified inputs and a second group of optional inputs, which may be supplied by the utility.
  • the energy transfer cycle is determined by a programmed digital processor. This permits the selection of an energy transfer cycle which results in a lower energy utilization cost. Modifications of the energy transfer cycle can be accomplished through the use of additional input signals, modifying the operating program for the digital processor, or both.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention includes a digital processor programmed to control an on-off switch to time-amplitude modulate the transfer of energy from the electric utility buss to the upper and lower heating elements of a conventional electric hot water heater.
  • the energy transfer rate is modulated in accordance with first and second time-magnitude modulated cycle, with the cycle used selected by the upper and lower thermostatically controlled switches of the hot water heater.
  • the maximum energy transfer rate during the first cycle is normally selected by the customer with a priority override in response to a signal provided by the utility.
  • the maximum energy transfer rate during the second cycle is set by the software subject to the priority limit determined by the utility to control utility load conditions to reduce energy cost. A typical energy transfer cycle is discussed below.
  • the controller transfers energy to the lower element, beginning at a first selected low value (for example 10%) and seguentially increasing in timed intervals to a higher upper limit (80% for example) .
  • this cycle is sufficient to supply all of the demands for hot water without utilizing the upper heating element, while operating the lower element a reduced power level.
  • this energy transfer cycle substantially reduces peak power demand associated with the hot water system.
  • the upper thermostatically controlled switch will close generating a signal which initiates the second energy transfer cycle, turning off the lower heating element and turning on the upper heating element.
  • energy transfer during the second cycle is essentially the same as the first energy transfer cycle described above except that energy transfer rate reaches 100% of the capacity of the water heater in a very short time unless limited by the utility to control utility priority signal. More specifically, priority inputs are provided for priority signals permitting the electric utility to set maximum energy transfer rates for either of the above described energy transfer cycles. This provides the utility a means of reducing utility power demand to aid in the management of total energy usage cost and for other purposes.
  • the first and second time-magnitude modulation cycles are determined by the digital processor (preferably programmed controlled) .
  • the digital processor preferably programmed controlled
  • This in conjunction with the capability of utilizing additional input signals and the capability to generate additional output signals, permits the time-amplitude modulated cycle to be modified and the functions of the controller to be modified without significantly modifying either the water heater or the controller.
  • Figure 1 is a functional block diagram illustrating a hot water system in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a functional block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the controller.
  • Figure 3 is a chart illustrating a typical time-amplitude modulated energy transfer cycle.
  • Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a first energy transfer method.
  • Figure 5 is a second diagram illustrating a second energy transfer method.
  • Figure 6 is a functional block diagram illustrating the program utilized by the digital processor.
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed schematic diagram of the controller.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the system utilizes a controller to transfer energy between a conventional utility buss, comprising lines 30 and 38, and a load which is illustrated as a conventional two element hot water heater 32, through an on-off switch such as thyristor 34.
  • Operating power is provided to the programmable processor 36 by the utility buss comprising lines 38 and 30.
  • Operating programs are supplied to the programmable digital processor 36 using a program input 37.
  • the programs were stored in an external read-only memory.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes a microprocessor which includes an internal read-only non-volatile memory, as illustrated in Figure 7.
  • Auxiliary inputs 40 provide means for receiving input signals which modify the energy transfer cycle 1.
  • One example of such a modification is an input permitting the electric utility to set maximum limits on the rate of energy transfer to control peak electric utility load conditions using priority signals previously described.
  • the hot water heater can be completely disabled using this technique by setting the maximum power transfer rate to zero. This permits the electric utility to set energy transfer limits to reduce the energy usage cost and for other purposes. Other modifications could be implemented.
  • a typical hot water system includes a water storage tank which is cylindrical ancC designed to stand upright. That is, the major axis of the cylindrical tank is vertical.
  • two heating elements are used, one in the top portion of the tank and the second in the bottom portion of the tank.
  • Each element is designed to operate at the full power rating of the water heater with two thermostatically controlled switches connected, such that turning on the upper heating element turns off the lower heating element.
  • Controlling the utility load associated with,the hot water heater requires that the utility have means for controlling the rate of energy transfer.
  • Typical prior art hot water systems can not be controlled by the utility to set the maximum energy transfer rate at a desired value. Additionally, overheating frequently occurs, as previously explained, resulting in additional energy utilization cost.
  • Conventional hot water heaters such as hot water heater 32, include two thermostatically controlled switches, 42 and 44, respectively controlling energy transfer to the upper and lower heating elements 46 and 48 as described above.
  • the temperature of water at the top of the water heater is normally higher than the temperature of the water at the bottom. Since the thermostatically controlled switches are set to operate at substantially the same temperature , most of the energy to heat the water is supplied by the lower heating element 48.
  • the controller operates to time-magnitude modulate the energy transfer rate to the lower heating and upper heating elements in accordance with a first and second time-amplitude modulated cycles. These cycles are designed to supply the required energy while maintaining utility loading due the hot water heater below a level determined by the utility and to reduce hot water overheating.
  • the upper thermostatically controlled switch 44 never closes, resulting in the upper heating element 48 being inoperative.
  • the user selected upper limit of energy transfer rate limit during the first cycle is set to less than maximum, for example 80% of the hot water heater capacity, resulting in lower energy transfer rate. Should the lower heating element 46 be insufficient to maintain the temperature in the upper part of the water heater 32 at the desired temperature, the upper thermostat 44 will close, turning off the lower heating element 46 and turning on the upper heating element 44, which is operated in accordance with the second time-amplitude modulated cycle described above.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the embodiment of the invention actually implemented.
  • the programed digital processor 36 is a conventional 8048 microprocessor chip using external memory for storing programs.
  • a conventional AC to DC converter 60 coupled to the 240 volt AC power buss produces a DC output which supplies operating power to the microcomputer 36.
  • the thyristor 34 is turned on and off at the zero crossing of the AC line voltage to time-magnitude modulate the energy transfer rate while reducing electrical noise associated with current switching transients.
  • an interrupt generator 62 is coupled to the AC buss and generates a 60 cycle interrupt signal, which is coupled to the microprocessor 36 by a line 64. This provides the synchronization for the control of the thyristor 34.
  • energy transfer between the AC buss and the hot water heater is started at a relatively low rate and ramped upward in accordance with a predetermined time related function.
  • the ramp increases at a rate which frequently permits the desired water temperature conditions to be acheived before the upper limit of the cycle is reached, reducing the peak power demand associated with the hot water heater. Since energy is added to the water at a controlled rate beginning at a relatively low value and increases in increments, the temperature differential between the water in first regions near the heating element and second regions near the temperature sensor are reduced. This reduces the temperature overshoot common to typical hot water heaters thereby reducing overheating of the water and the energy losses associated therewith.
  • a maximum energy transfer rate is placed on the lower heater element to limit peak power as previously discussed. Means is provided permitting the user to select the U -L beginning, and maximum energy transfer rates, permitting the
  • heating element 46 are provided to the programed digital
  • the utility provides signals to
  • the digital processor 36 includes circuitry for
  • This reset signal is coupled to the input of a
  • microprocessor 36 at the beginning of its processing cycle 36 permitting the controller to recover and resume normal 37 operation.
  • signals from the thermostatically controlled switches controlling the current flow to the heater elements, 46 and 48 operate at full AC line .voltage. Special precautions are necessary to protect and isolate the circuits of the controller from these high voltages. Additionally, it is necessary to carefully consider electrical isolation of the microprocessor 36 from transients which may be generated on the AC line as a result of the switching of the thyristor 34, as well as from other sources. An acceptable technique providing such isolation is the use of conventional optical couplers.
  • first, second and third optical couplers, 74, 76 and 78 respectively, provide electrical isolation between the microprocessor 36 and the thyristor 34, the heating elements 46 and 48, the upper thermostatically controlled switch 44 and the lower thermostatically controlled switch 42.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the time-magnitude modulated first energy transfer cycle utilized to transfer energy between the AC buss and the lower heating element 46. In the embodiment of the invention implemented, it was elected to increase the energy transfer in increments of 10% of maximum, resulting, in ten steps, illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the time interval corresponding to each of the step time-amplitude modulation cycle is selected by an interval switch 61. In a typical application, the time interval associated with each step is selected to be greater than ten seconds.
  • a similar cycle is used to transfer energy to the upper heating element except that the time interval of each step is reduced and the maximum energy transfer rate is set to 100% or by the utility system priority signals for purposes of utility system load control.
  • the lower and upper limits for the energy transfer rate are set by the software with the maximum energy transfer rate set at 100%, unless limited by the utility for purposes of utility system management. This prevents the time-amplitude modulated cycle from significantly limiting the maximum hot water output of the hot water heater unless such a limit is necessary to assure the desired utility system operating conditions are maintained.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a control method for implementing the first and second energy transfer cycles.
  • the switching on and off of the thyristor 34 is illustrated with respect to the waveform of the AC line for energy transfer rates, ranging in 10% increments from 10% to 100 %.
  • the thyristor is turned on at the positive going zero crossing of the AC line voltage and turned off at the next positive going zero crossing to reduce electrical noise.
  • the off interval of the thyristor is equal to nine cycles of the AC line voltage as illustrated at reference numeral 100.
  • the off interval of the switch is sequentially decreased as the on interval is increased by one cycle of the AC line to generate sequential increases in energy transfer rate in 10% increments, as illustrated at reference numerals ranging from 100A to 1001.
  • the thyristor is maintained continuously to achieve a maximum energy transfer rate as illustrated at reference numeral 1001.
  • energy is transferred to the lower heating element.
  • the beginning energy transfer rate, the maximum energy transfer rate, and the time interval for each increment of the time-amplitude modulated energy transfer cycle are respectively determined by manually operated switches, 64, 66 and 61.
  • these parameters are determined by the software and are typically 50% beginning, 100% maximum, 10 second intervals. This assures that the maximum rate at which energy is transferred is not substantially restricted unless such a limit is required to control utility load conditions.
  • the pulsating current resulting from the on-off cycling of the switch may be sufficient to generate objectionable flicker in the AC energy source. Should this occur, other energy transfer cycles are possible which increase the frequency of the on-of cycling and thus reduce the objectionable flicker.
  • Such a control cycle is illustrated in figure 5.
  • the switching cycle is identical to the one discussed previously with reference to figure 4. However, this portion of the energy transfer cycle will be relatively short, making any flicker resulting from the low switching rate unobjectionable. Alternatively, the lower limit could be set above 10% to entirely eliminate this portion of the energy transfer cycle.
  • the switching technique illustrated at reference numeral 101A is used, in which the off interval of the switch is four cycles and the on interval one. This doubles the switching rate, increasing the flicker rate and thus reducing its seriousness.
  • An energy transfer cycle for achieving substantially a 30% energy transfer rate is illustrated at reference numeral 101B.
  • the on-time of the switch is limited to two cycles of the AC line and the off-time to one cycle.
  • a 40% transfer rate is achieved, as illustrated at reference numeral 101C, by an off time interval equal to three cycles with on time intervals equal to two.
  • Energy transfer rates between 50% and 100% are illustrated at reference numerals 101D through 1011.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the signal inputs and the software utilized by the microprocessor 36 to produce the control signals.
  • the preferred embodiment of the system operates in two different control modes depending on whether the upper or lower heating elements of the hot water heater is being utilized.
  • the thermostatic switches for the upper and lower heating elements produce signals which indicate which heater element is to be used. These mode signals have been arbitrarily designated mode 1 and mode 2 and are coupled as inputs to the microprocessor 36 which is controlled by the software illustrated at reference numeral 122.
  • Data signals specifying the upper and lower energy transfer limits are produced by manually operated switches illustrated at Reference Numeral 124.
  • Auxiliary inputs permitting the function performed by the software to be modified to include functions not specifically incorporated in the developmental model are provided by an auxiliary input signal generator 126.
  • Such modifications could include utility generated signals for setting the maximum energy transfer rate to a selected value other than zero.
  • the electric utility may supply signals to totally disable the hot water heater by setting all of the energy transfer limits to zero, as illustrated at reference numeral 128.
  • interval switches 130 Provisions for setting the time intervals associated with the first energy transfer cycle are provided by interval switches 130. in response to these and the other input signals illustrated, -the microprocessor 36, as controlled by the software illustrated at Reference Numeral 122 produces all the signals necessary to operate the system.
  • an interval timer 132 which is part of the microprocessor, is initialized to produce a timing signal which is coupled to a SYNC generator 134 to produce the SYNC signal for the system. Additionally, the interval timer 132 and the SYNC generator 134 are synchronized to the 60 cycle AC line.
  • the microprocessor, 36 as controlled, by the software 122 produces a power demand signal which is coupled to the input of an output signal generator 136.
  • the output signal generator 136 produces a control signal to turn on and off the switch 138 as well as reset the watch dog timer 140. Additionally, the output signal generator 136 produces auxiliary output signals available on buss 142 to implement other functions which may be required by the specific application.
  • FIG. 7 is a detailed schematic block diagram of the controller using the internal program memory version of the 8048 microprocessor. This diagram includes complete component identification information; therefore, no detailed description of this drawing is believed to be necessary. This is believed to be the best embodiment of the invention; however, the experimental model and the one for which the programs listed in detail below are for, is the external memory version of the 8048 microprocessor.
  • JMP HEAT1 HT5A JMP HEAT1 HT5A
  • the system and the controller can be implemented using standard commercially available components. However, many changes can be made, all of which are within the capability of those skilled in the art. As specifically discussed above, additional inputs can be provided to the processor to modify the control sequence. All portions of the system can be implemented using components other than those illustrated.
  • the control technique can be used in other applications, for example in resistance heating systems for structures. Real time clocks could be included, permitting time-of-day control techniques to be implemented. Energy sources other than an electrical utility may also be used.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système amélioré d'alimentation en eau chaude, utilisant un courant électrique (30, 38) ou une source d'énergie. La température est réglée à l'aide d'un processeur numérique (36). L'énergie est transférée à l'eau (32) selon des cycles modulés en temps-amplitude, permettant le transfert d'énergie voulue avec une puissance maximum déterminée par l'équipement électrique. Cet agencement permet une régulation souple des charges d'alimentation d'utilité publique aux heures de pointe relatives auxdits systèmes.
PCT/US1989/001576 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude WO1990012261A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1989/001576 WO1990012261A1 (fr) 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude
KR1019900702598A KR920700380A (ko) 1989-04-13 1990-12-12 온수공급 시스템

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1989/001576 WO1990012261A1 (fr) 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990012261A1 true WO1990012261A1 (fr) 1990-10-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1989/001576 WO1990012261A1 (fr) 1989-04-13 1989-04-13 Systeme d'alimentation en eau chaude

Country Status (2)

Country Link
KR (1) KR920700380A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990012261A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0536109A1 (fr) * 1991-10-01 1993-04-07 Austria Email Wärmetechnik GmbH Système pour saisir des valeurs mesurées dans un appareil à accumulation de chaleur utilisant un circuit de réglage du chauffage
WO1994010620A1 (fr) * 1992-10-26 1994-05-11 Mec Systems Corp. Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude
FR2719440A1 (fr) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-03 Delta Dore Appareil de contrôle d'une installation électrique d'une habitation particulière.
EP0846358A1 (fr) * 1995-05-12 1998-06-10 Inc. Digistan Dispositif d'optimisation de charges electriques
US5968393A (en) * 1995-09-12 1999-10-19 Demaline; John Tracey Hot water controller
DE102005032090A1 (de) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-18 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Hausgerätevorrichtung mit einer Steuereinheit zum Steuern eines Programmablaufs
WO2010031025A1 (fr) * 2008-09-15 2010-03-18 General Electric Company Gestion d'énergie d’appareils électroménagers
US8843242B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2014-09-23 General Electric Company System and method for minimizing consumer impact during demand responses
US8869569B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2014-10-28 General Electric Company Clothes washer demand response with at least one additional spin cycle
US8943845B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2015-02-03 General Electric Company Window air conditioner demand supply management response
US8943857B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2015-02-03 General Electric Company Clothes washer demand response by duty cycling the heater and/or the mechanical action
US9303878B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2016-04-05 General Electric Company Hybrid range and method of use thereof

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US4288854A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-09-08 Western Electric Co., Inc. Bi-modal temperature controller
US4347575A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-08-31 Sangamo Weston, Inc. System for controlling power distribution to customer loads
US4349878A (en) * 1978-12-15 1982-09-14 German Grimm Arrangement for detecting disturbances influencing the network frequency in electric power supply systems and use of such arrangement in an adaptive automatic frequency control system for an electric power supply system
US4381075A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-04-26 Thermonic Corp. Microprocessor based controller for heating system
US4527246A (en) * 1982-04-14 1985-07-02 Heat-Timer Corporation Hot water heating system control device
US4661914A (en) * 1984-06-07 1987-04-28 Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Company Energy management control apparatus
US4682279A (en) * 1983-06-07 1987-07-21 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operation mode controller

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4349878A (en) * 1978-12-15 1982-09-14 German Grimm Arrangement for detecting disturbances influencing the network frequency in electric power supply systems and use of such arrangement in an adaptive automatic frequency control system for an electric power supply system
US4347575A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-08-31 Sangamo Weston, Inc. System for controlling power distribution to customer loads
US4288854A (en) * 1979-09-12 1981-09-08 Western Electric Co., Inc. Bi-modal temperature controller
US4381075A (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-04-26 Thermonic Corp. Microprocessor based controller for heating system
US4527246A (en) * 1982-04-14 1985-07-02 Heat-Timer Corporation Hot water heating system control device
US4682279A (en) * 1983-06-07 1987-07-21 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Operation mode controller
US4661914A (en) * 1984-06-07 1987-04-28 Magnavox Government And Industrial Electronics Company Energy management control apparatus

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0536109A1 (fr) * 1991-10-01 1993-04-07 Austria Email Wärmetechnik GmbH Système pour saisir des valeurs mesurées dans un appareil à accumulation de chaleur utilisant un circuit de réglage du chauffage
WO1994010620A1 (fr) * 1992-10-26 1994-05-11 Mec Systems Corp. Dispositif de commande d'energie pour reservoir d'eau chaude
FR2719440A1 (fr) * 1994-04-28 1995-11-03 Delta Dore Appareil de contrôle d'une installation électrique d'une habitation particulière.
EP0846358A1 (fr) * 1995-05-12 1998-06-10 Inc. Digistan Dispositif d'optimisation de charges electriques
EP0846358A4 (fr) * 1995-05-12 1998-06-10
US5968393A (en) * 1995-09-12 1999-10-19 Demaline; John Tracey Hot water controller
DE102005032090A1 (de) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-18 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Hausgerätevorrichtung mit einer Steuereinheit zum Steuern eines Programmablaufs
WO2010031025A1 (fr) * 2008-09-15 2010-03-18 General Electric Company Gestion d'énergie d’appareils électroménagers
US8843242B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2014-09-23 General Electric Company System and method for minimizing consumer impact during demand responses
US9303878B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2016-04-05 General Electric Company Hybrid range and method of use thereof
US8869569B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2014-10-28 General Electric Company Clothes washer demand response with at least one additional spin cycle
US8943845B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2015-02-03 General Electric Company Window air conditioner demand supply management response
US8943857B2 (en) 2009-09-15 2015-02-03 General Electric Company Clothes washer demand response by duty cycling the heater and/or the mechanical action

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