WO1990007725A1

WO1990007725A1 - Method of driving liquid crystal element

Info

Publication number: WO1990007725A1
Application number: PCT/JP1986/000396
Authority: WO
Inventors: Minoru Yazaki; Yuzuru Sato; Akihiko Ito
Original assignee: Minoru Yazaki; Yuzuru Sato; Akihiko Ito
Priority date: 1985-07-31
Filing date: 1986-07-28
Publication date: 1990-07-12
Also published as: JP2900919B2; JPH1068930A

Abstract

Method of driving a liquid crystal element wherein in multiplex-driving of a liquid crystal element made up of a ferroelectric liquid crystal, a voltage pulse, of which the peak value and the pulse width are greater than their saturation values, is applied to render the liquid crystal element turned on or off in the former half of a selection period or in a non-selection period just before the selection period, and then a voltage pulse having a polarity opposite to that of the above voltage pulse and of which the peak value and pulse width are smaller than a threshold value or larger than the saturation value is applied to maintain the liquid crystal element turned on or off, or to invert the liquid crystal element. Therefore, even in the case of multiplex-driving of the ferroelectric liquid crystal which has a property to be differently oriented, i.e., turned on or off, depending upon the polarity of the voltage pulse greater than the saturation value thereof, a mean value of the voltage that is applied can be brought into zero irrespective of the on or off pattern, and the liquid crystal element can be prevented from being deteriorated and its life can be lengthened.

Description

Liquid crystal device ffi-moving method

The present invention relates to a method for driving a liquid crystal element, and particularly to a method for driving an electro-optical element using a ferroelectric liquid crystal. Background technology

As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,367,922, an electric device using a ferroelectric liquid crystal exhibiting a chiral smectic C phase or a chiral smectic H phase. It is known that optical elements respond to applied voltage at very high speed and have memory characteristics if they have memory properties. Large-sized large-capacity displays with a large number of pixels and pixels. Is expected to be applied to high-speed electronic shutters, polarizers, etc.

Conventionally, as a method for destroying such a ferroelectric liquid crystal element, a light transmission state of the liquid crystal element is determined as described in US Pat. No. 4,508,429. There is known a driving method in which a pulse voltage is applied at a predetermined cycle, and an average value of voltages applied within the predetermined cycle is set to zero to prevent the ferroelectric liquid crystal from deteriorating. However, a specific boat motion method disclosed in the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 4,508,429 is a static coarse motion method, which is the most suitable for driving a large-capacity element. There was no disclosure of how to operate the box. Further, it is known that the ferroelectric liquid crystal element has a so-called pulse width dependency that a threshold voltage changes according to a pulse width of an applied compressing pulse. The driving method described in US Pat. No consideration has been given to the existence of suspicion.> Actual driving is difficult.

Therefore, we have set the following date: Φ: Patent application No. 119,680 of Showa 59 (refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-26631) No. 177, 818 (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-55630) proposes a practical multi-break driving method in consideration of the above-mentioned “pulse width dependence”. did. However, in this S-movement method, since no particular consideration is given to the average value of the compressibility applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the average value of the voltage applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal is positive or negative. It has the disadvantage of promoting the deterioration of ferroelectric liquid crystal and shortening the life of the liquid crystal element. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to sufficiently consider the above-described pulse width dependence and to prevent ferroelectric liquid crystal from deteriorating. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optimal multiplex driving method for a ferroelectric liquid crystal element that can make the average value of a voltage applied to a crystalline liquid crystal zero.

* The driving method of the present invention is based on a liquid crystal element having a ferroelectric liquid crystal sandwiched between a substrate having a scanning electrode group and a substrate having a signal electrode group. Regarding a driving method for driving, a selection signal or a non-selection signal is applied to the scanning electrode group, and an average potential is applied to the signal electrode plant group with an intermediate potential of a voltage pulse applied to the signal electrode group. By applying an equal voltage pulse, the ferroelectric liquid is exposed during the first half of the selection period or during the non-selection period to turn the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal on or off. Apply a voltage pulse of at least one saturation value or more that is picked in a predetermined arrangement direction, and turns on or off in a latter half of the selection period or a selection period after the non-selection period. A voltage pulse to be selected is applied.

As described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,508,429, the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal have an angle of 0 with respect to the moth axis when no electric field is applied. As shown in Fig. 1 (a), for example, when an electric field of a negative electrode is applied, as shown in Fig. 1 (a), the molecules of the strongly-induced liquid crystal 1 are oriented in the direction of the electric field, E On the plane perpendicular to and at an angle of 0 with respect to the moth axis 2 in a certain direction. Also, when the polarity of the electric field is reversed, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), there is an angle of 0 around the axis of rotation 2 in a direction symmetric to the direction of FIG. 1 (a). Arrange. At this time, as shown in Fig. 1 (a) and (b), two polarizing plates are provided above and below the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the direction of the polarization の of the upper optical plate is 3, and the lower polarizer is If the directions of the polarization axes are orthogonal to each other so as to be the direction of 4, when the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the direction shown in Fig. 1 (a), the light transmission amount is the smallest. In the case of the arrangement in the direction shown in FIG. 1 (), the amount of transmitted light becomes the largest. In addition, the alignment state of the molecules of the ferroelectric liquid crystal is stable as it is until the next voltage above the threshold value of the opposite polarity is applied. This is one of the characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystal, which is said to be memory.

* In the invention, the polarity of the voltage to arrange the ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules in the direction shown in Fig. 1 (a) is negative (1), and the voltage is arranged in the direction shown in Fig. 1 (b). The pressure characteristic is defined as positive (+), and the direction of the S row of the molecule and the direction of the polarization axis of the polarizer are in a simple relationship as shown in Fig. 1 (a). The state with the least amount of light is defined as the off state (or simply off), and the state with the largest amount of light transmission is defined as the on state (or simply on) as shown in Fig. 1 (b). . Of course, if the relationship between the arrangement direction of the molecules and the direction of the polarization axis is reversed in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b), applying a positive voltage will minimize the amount of light passing, The maximum is obtained by applying a voltage of It can be driven by substantially the same driving method only by reversing the registration relationship, and is included in the scope of the invention.

In other words, taking into account the pulse radiation dependence and memory characteristics peculiar to ferroelectric liquid crystals described above, the ferroelectric liquid crystal element is always turned on or off. Then, by applying a voltage pulse to select the ON or OFF state that should be maintained until the next selection period, the average value of the voltage applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal becomes zero It realizes a multiplex driving method, which can prevent the deterioration of ferroelectric liquid crystal and maintain good light transmission characteristics for a long period of time. This has a great effect on the practical use of ferroelectric liquid crystal devices. Brief explanation of drawings

FIG. 1 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the arrangement of molecules of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal element used in each embodiment of the invention. FIG. 2 (b) is a diagram showing the electrode structure of the liquid detonation element shown in FIG. 2 (a).

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and a light transmission characteristic shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing one example of a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing a signal waveform at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and a light transmission characteristic according to the second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing a signal waveform at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the driving waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in * Example 3 of the invention, and FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the killing waveform shown in FIG. , FIG. 11 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 14 is a timing chart showing a signal waveform at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a relationship between a drive waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 17 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 20 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a relationship between an IB dynamic waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. Gchart diagram.

FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 8 of the present invention. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the K dynamic waveform shown in FIG.

5 'Fig. 26 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in Fig. 25,

FIG. 27 is a graph showing a relationship between a dynamic waveform and photoperiodism characteristics shown in Example 9 of the invention.

FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 29 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and a light speed excess characteristic shown in Embodiment 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. 30.

FIG. 32 is a timing chart showing waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in FIG. 31.

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the relationship between the driving waveform and the light-transmitting characteristic shown in Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. 33.

FIG. 35 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 34.

25 FIG. 36 shows the relationship between the drive waveform and the optical transmission characteristic shown in Example 12 of the present invention. Figure.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 38 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 37.

FIG. 39 is a view showing the relationship between the drive waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Example 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveforms shown in FIG.

FIG. 41 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 42 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in * Example 14 of the invention.

FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG.

FIG. 44 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 43.

FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in Embodiment 15 of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is a diagram showing a timing chart of signal waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 47 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the swing waveform shown in Embodiment 16 of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 47. Fig. 49 is a diagram showing the relationship between the dynamic waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in the unseen case 16.

FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform shown in Example 17 of the present invention.

5 FIG. 51 is a diagram showing timing charts and drive waveforms of sales signal waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in FIG. 50 and the relationship between light transmission characteristics.

FIG. 52 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in the embodiment 18 of the invention;

FIG. 53 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 54 · is a graph showing the relationship between the drive waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in * Example 18 of the invention.

FIG. 55 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in Embodiment 19 of the present invention.

is Figure 56 shows the timing chart of signal waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in Figure 50, and the relationship between the deer waveform and the optical transmission characteristics.

FIG. 57 is a diagram showing an example of a concrete circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in * Example 20 of the invention.

FIG. 58 is a timing chart showing a signal waveform at each point of the circuit shown in FIG. 57.

FIG. 59 is a diagram showing the relationship between the drive waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in the present embodiment 20 of the present invention.

FIG. 60 shows an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in the embodiment 21 of the present invention. -.

25 Figure 61 shows the timing of the signal waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in Figure 60. Guchart diagram.

FIG. 62 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 21 of the present invention.

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in the uninvented embodiment 22.

FIG. 64 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 63.

FIG. 65 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Example 22 of the present invention.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in Embodiment 23 of the present invention.

FIG. 67 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG.

FIG. 68 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Example 23 of the present invention.

FIG. 69 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 69.

FIG. 71 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Example 24 of the present invention.

FIG. 72 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveforms shown in Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 73 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 72. FIG. 74 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and light transmission characteristics shown in Embodiment 25 of the present invention.

FIG. 75 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveforms shown in * Example 26 of the invention.

FIG. 76 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms at respective points of the circuit shown in FIG. 75.

FIG. 77 is a graph showing the relationship between the drive waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in * Example 26 of the invention.

FIG. 78 is a diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the K dynamic waveform shown in Embodiment 27 of the present invention.

FIG. 79 is a timing chart showing chiss waveforms at each point of the circuit shown in FIG. 78.

FIG. 80 is a * diagram showing the relationship between the drive waveform and the light transmission characteristics shown in Example 27 of the present invention.

FIG. 81 is a diagram showing an example of a drive circuit used in each embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 82 is a diagram showing a change in light transmission characteristics depending on a waveform of an applied voltage.

FIG. 83 is a diagram showing a relationship between a driving waveform and a light transmission characteristic when an AC bias voltage is applied. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIG. 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal element used in each embodiment of the present invention described below. On the opposing inner surfaces of transparent substrates 11 and 12 made of glass or plastic, a plurality of transparent scanning electrodes S 13 and signal electrodes 14 made of indium oxide or tin oxide are formed. . After providing an insulating layer made of silicon oxide or the like on these electrodes as necessary, A sa-oriented film is made of polyimide, nickel, or the like was provided, and at least the surface of the alignment film on one of the substrates was rubbed to orient the ferroelectric liquid crystal 16 in a predetermined direction.

Reference numeral 19 denotes a sealant made of an epoxy adhesive. Polarizing plates 17 and 18 were in contact with the outer surfaces of the pair of substrates 11 and 12 where the electrodes were not formed, respectively. At this time, the polarization axis of the polarizing plate 17 and the polarization 轴 of the polarizing plate 18 are substantially orthogonal to each other, and the intensity when a voltage exceeding a saturation value having a negative vegetative property is applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal 16 is applied. The direction of the connection optical axis of the polarizing plate was set so that the direction of the S column of the dielectric liquid crystal molecules was parallel to the direction of the polarizing axis of one of the polarizing plates. The gap between the substrates, that is, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is about 1.3 ^ m, and the ferroelectric liquid crystal used is P-tetradecyloxybenzylidene-P'-amino (2-methyl) -butyl- d-Siano) One cinnamate (TD OB AMB CC). This liquid crystal has a threshold voltage of 6.5 V when the pulse width is 200 μsec. The saturation voltage is 8 V, and the threshold voltage when the pulse width is 400 μ-sec. Was 4.2 V and the saturation voltage was 6.3 V. This value was almost the same even if the polarity was reversed.

As shown in FIG. 2 (b), the scanning electrode 13 and the signal electrode 14 were each formed in a stripe shape, and were formed so as to be orthogonal to each other. A portion where the scanning electrode and the signal electrode overlap in a plane is a pixel. FIG. 2 (b) shows three typical types of ON and OFF patterns in order to make the following description easy to understand.The number of scan electrodes Xn is 6, and the signal contact Yn is The force at which the number of waters is 3. Of course, the invention is not limited to this number of electrodes, and the number of electrodes may be determined according to the required number of pixels. In FIG. 2 (b), the hatched pixels indicate the off state, and the other pixels indicate the on state. An example of a specific driving method for driving the liquid crystal element will be described below. Example 1

FIG. 3 shows the driving waveform and the light emission characteristics in the example applied to each pixel on the scanning circuit XI for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b). In the next frame cycle, the on / off state of all pixels was inverted to make it easier to see the change in light transmission characteristics.

In FIG. 3, t ₁₃ is the first frame period, t ₂₃ shows the next frame period. The t _.GAMMA.1 and t ₂₁ are the selection period, t ₁₂ and t ₂₂ show Re a non-selection period, respectively it. _{Further, t 14, t, 5,} t 16, t 17, t 24, t 25, 1: 26 and 1: shows a ₂₇ Waso respectively 2 0 0 sec for showing the pulse width Contact Li wave height value. V, is 6 V,

V 2 is 3 V.

Scan ¾pole X! In addition, the selection interval t „(t ₂₁ ) is ± V i and the non-selection period t ₁₂

(t 21) Apply approximately 0 V and apply a pulse of ₂₀₀ itsec with pulse value V ₂ to the signals SY i, Y 2, and Y 3 if you want to turn on the pixel. , Negative order, and if you want to turn off, apply negative, positive, negative, positive order.If the voltage is applied to each pixel, the voltage pulse applied to each pixel is V 2), (− V, +

V ₂ ), (-V, — V 2), (+ V 1 + V 2)

(+ V, + V 2) _v (− V r -V ₂ ), (-V, + V 2). (+ V! -V 2

At this time, (+ Vl-V2) and (1-V! + V2) are smaller than the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal, so the liquid crystal does not respond and is saturated. (+ V, + V 2) and (1 V, -V 2) that are greater than or equal to the value.However, since the ferroelectric liquid crystal responds at a high speed and has the memory property, it looks like It is recognized as being on or off depending on the vegetative nature of the last applied pulse on saturation during the selection.

During the non-selection period, (+-V 2) and (-1 V, + V 2) pulses are applied, and the pulse radiation is 400 sec at maximum, but the peak value is 400 Since it is smaller than the threshold voltage at the time of sec, the light transmission characteristic hardly gives any shadow. Further on, Control This setup la scan Ratio off, 1 pixel (X i YI) 8: 1 , 1 6 in _{(X 1 Y 2): 1} > (X, Υ 3) 1 8: 1 Thus, a substantially constant contrast ratio was obtained regardless of the on / off pattern.

In the driving method according to the present embodiment, the liquid crystal is applied with positive and negative voltage pulses having a peak value and a pulse width at least equal to or higher than the saturation value of the liquid crystal within the selection period t _n <t ₂₁ ). Positive and negative voltage pulses have the same peak value and pulse width, and select ON or OFF by applying a positive or negative voltage pulse that is equal to or greater than the saturation value, and positive and negative voltage pulses have the same number. and Ku Further, the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂₎ is, since the positive having a peak value and pulse width of the lower threshold than the negative voltage BALS is applied, as shown in FIG. 3, the DC component The average value is deprived, and there is no DC component at all. Therefore, the liquid crystal element did not deteriorate.

FIG. 4 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the coarse motion waveform shown in FIG. Reference numeral 111 denotes a transmissive transistor, 112 denotes a flip-flop, and 113 denotes a liquid crystal element. d, h, e, f, g, j, k, 1 is collected by run-scan Mi Tsu Shi ₃ Select Nge sheet 1 1 1, Sacri scan electrode signal V t and the signal electric ¾ signal V d, Applied to the liquid crystal elements 113. ± V! And 0 V, ± V ₂ are the dragon source compress of the scanning electrode and the signal compress. FIG. 5 shows signals at respective points for generating the scanning electrode signal V t and the signal electrode signal V d of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 2

FIG. 6 shows a scanning waveform applied to the scanning electrode I and the signal electrode 電 ι for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and a light beam of the chrominance element (Χιγ1). Shows transmission characteristics. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission properties, in the next full record over arm period t ₂₃ 'on, obtained by inverting the OFF state. In FIG. 6, t „to t ₂₇ indicate the same as in FIG. 3, and the peak values V,, V 2, V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , and V s are 8 V, 6 V, 5 V, 3 V, 2 V, and 0 V. V m indicates the intermediate voltage of the voltage pulse applied to the signal fleet. In this case, it is 4 V.

The difference from the first embodiment is that the lightning pressure level of the scanning plant and the signal plant are made the same in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning device.

In the scanning implant X, the selection period t t (t ₂₁ ) is applied to V 6, V 6, V, with a pulse width of 200 ^ sec, and the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t _{In 22} ), V ₂ and V 5 are applied in an extremely large order as shown in the figure. The signal Den桎Y, and, if it is desired to turn on the pixel, V ₄ in Bals width of _{2 0 0 it sec, V 3} V ι, applied in the order of V _G, if it is desired to OFF, and this Apply in reverse order. At this time, the voltage applied to the pixel (to XIY) is turned on. (V, -V4), (V6-V3), (V6-V,), (V, _-Ve )顒, the off-state is (V! — V 6). (V _e -V,). (V _β -V a) (V, —V ₄ ) The pulse is turned on or off depending on the polarity of the pulse applied later. Incidentally, it applied to the selected period (V -! V ₄₎ and (V s - V 3) are respectively + 5 V and single 5 V, have threshold of the liquid crystal of BALS dominion 4 0 0 ^ 8 6 0:00 This pulse has a pulse width of 200 μ-sec, so it is smaller than the threshold at 2 OO it sec, and the liquid crystal does not respond _β. Pulses of V ₅ — V ₆ ) and (V ₂ — V,) are not applied, and the pulse width may be 400 μsec depending on the ON / OFF pattern, but when the peak value is 400 sec Since it is smaller than the threshold value of the liquid crystal, it has little effect on the light transmission characteristics.

In the present embodiment, the driving method according to the 81 example provides a good contrast ratio similar to that of the first embodiment 7 ^. The ffi-moving method in the present embodiment is to apply positive and negative voltage pulses having a pulse value and a pulse value at least equal to or greater than the saturation value of the liquid crystal to the liquid crystal during the selection period t _n (t ₂ ,). The positive and negative voltage pulses have the same wave value and pulse width, and further select ON or OFF in the order of applying the positive or negative voltage pulse having a saturation value or more.

The number of positive and negative voltage pulses is equal to 5 and the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ ) applies positive and negative dragon pressure pulses having a peak value and pulse width below the threshold. The average value of the applied voltage was zero irrespective of the on / off pattern, and the liquid crystal element did not deteriorate.

FIG. 7 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. The transmis- sion 3 gate 11 1 is selected by the signals a and b, and the scanning contact planting waveform of e and the non-selected scanning dragon of ί are selected by the scanning planting data of c. Select a polar waveform and scan ¾Create a polar waveform. Meanwhile the signal electrodes waveform, a. B Select and lance Mi Tsushi _a Nge sheet 1 1 1 Ri by the signal of, d signal. Photoelectric S data g select the on-wave and h off waveform in the , Create signal electrode waveforms, liquid crystal element 1 1

! 5 Applied to 3. V,, V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , V 6 are the power supply voltages for the scanning contact and the signal electrode. FIG. 8 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 3

FIG. 9 shows a driving waveform applied to each pixel on the scanning electrode ox I for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and a light transmission characteristic. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission over properties, in the next frame period t _23, one, obtained by inverting the OFF state.

In Figure 9, both the tn ~ t ₂₇ shows the same as FIG. 3, the peak value V, is 9 V, V 2 is 4 V.

5 The difference from Examples 1 and 2 is that in order to improve the contrast ratio, The point is that the pulse width of the pulse applied during the selection period is not larger than the pulse width that is equal to or greater than the saturation value applied to select the on / off state of the liquid crystal.

Apply ± V, to the scanning electrode X, for the selection period (t _{2 |} ; for the non-selection period, apply o V to the signal electrode, and turn OV off if you want to turn on the pixel to the signal electrode. Is applied in the order of 1 V ₂ , + V 2 in the order of 0 V for the first 400 ^ sec and 200 ^ sec for the next 400 ^ sec. At this time, the voltage applied to each pixel is When on, the order is) (− V,), C— V,), (+ V,). When off, (+) (-V,) (− V, + V 2), C + V, — V 2). (1 Vf + V 2) and C + V i — V ₂ ) are smaller than the liquid crystal threshold at the pulse width of 200 sec. Finally turned on in response to the + V i is marked pressurized with t Repeat off, in the selection period t _21, one V is applied at t ₂₅ after a t ₂₄ Do emissions, the response Then, it is turned off. Moreover, since the non-selection period, 0 also <pulse congestion 2 0 0 ^ 3 6 0 + ¥ ₂ or one ₂ but is applied, V ₂ is ϋ small by the liquid crystal threshold, light Has little effect on transmission characteristics.

Co emissions trusses Ratio obtained by the present embodiment, the pixel (chi iota Upsilon 1 with 2 4: 1, (Χ ι Υ 2) 2 2: 1 (chi, Upsilon ₃₎ 2 0: 1 der Thus, a better contrast ratio was obtained than in Examples 1 and 2.

* The driving method in the embodiment is to apply a positive and negative voltage pulse having a peak value and a pulse width at least equal to or higher than the saturation value of the liquid crystal to the liquid crystal within the selection period _tu (t2,). Negative voltage pulses have the same crest value and pulse width, and select ON or OFF in the order of applying positive or negative voltage pulses equal to or higher than the saturation value.Furthermore, positive and negative voltage pulses have the same number. The non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ is less than the threshold Since positive and negative voltage pulses with the following peak values and pulse widths are applied, the average value applied to the liquid crystal element is zero regardless of the on / off pattern. Was.

FIG. 10 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. (A), (c), and (i) signals are selected, and a signal for selecting the transmis- sion sig- nal is created. And the scanning electrode signal Vt and the signal electrode signal Vd are generated and applied to the liquid crystal element 113. _{Further, ± V,, ± V 2} , 0 V is a scanning electrode and a power supply voltage of the signal罨¾. FIG. 11 shows the signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 4

FIG. 12 shows a scanning waveform for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), a driving waveform applied to the signal electrode 71, and light of the pixel (Χ.ιΥI). Shows transmission characteristics. In order to facilitate re-divided the change in speed of light over properties, in the next frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the OFF state.

In FIG. 12, t H to t ₂₇ are the same as those in FIG. 3, and the peak values V,, V 2, V 3, V 4, V 5, and V e are 10, respectively. V, 8 V, 6 V, 4 V, 2 V, and 0 V. Vm indicates the middle potential of the voltage pulse applied to the signal S, and in this case it is 5 V.

The difference from the third embodiment lies in that the voltage levels of the scanning electrode and the signal lightning pole are shared in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning electrode.

The scanning electrode X, has a selection period t _u (t ₂₁ ) of V, and V ₆ , V,, V ₆ ,

In the order of V _s , V, the non-selection period t _{| 2} (t «) is obtained by connecting V ₂ and V s to V s.

Apply V 2, V 5 in this order, and apply to the signal electrodes Y, V ₅ , V 2> V ₂ , V 5 if you want to turn on the pixel, and 'v ₅ , V ₂ if you want to turn off the pixel. , V3. Applied to ₄ of V ₄ . In each case, the pulse width is 200 ^ sec. The voltage pulse applied to this pixel (Xi Y,) has a waveform similar to that of the driving method of Example 3 shown in FIG. 9 except for the peak value. That (V one V 5!) And (V ₆ - V 2), respectively + 8 V and single 8 V in the liquid crystal of the saturation value or more, (V 1 -V 4) and (V ₆ - V 3) each + At 6 V and 16 V, the pulse radiation is ₂₀₀ (less than the threshold value at L sec), (V ₂ -V 3) and (V ₅ -V 4) are +2 V and 12 V, respectively. Therefore, the liquid crystal element responded in the same manner as in Example 3, and a similarly good contrast ratio was obtained.

FIG. 13 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveforms shown in FIG. a _¾ b signals Nyori, Select and La Nsumi Tsushi ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1, the scanning electrodes data c, and unselected run查電¾ waveform遘択during run查電planted waveform and ί of e Select and make a running waveform. Meanwhile signal罨槿wave. Form, a, Select and Ransumi Tsushi _a Ngeto 1 1 1 by a signal b, by Yamato No. electrodes de one another d, select Off waveform g of ON waveform and h, A signal electrode waveform is created and applied to the liquid crystal elements 113. , V 2, V 3, V 4, VB, V ε are the scanning and signal electrode waterfall voltages. FIG. 14 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 5

Fig. 15 shows the scanning implant for turning on and off as shown in Fig. 2 (b). The driving waveform applied to each pixel above and the light transmission characteristics are shown. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission properties, in the next frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the OFF state.

In the first 5 view, t ₁₃ is the first frame period, t ₂₃ shows the next frame period. The tn and t ₂₁ are selection period t ₁₂ and t ₂₂ represents a non-selection period, _{O 90/07725 (ig) PCT / JP86} / 00 6 further non-selection period t _12, and t, ₃ at the end of the immediately preceding i.e. frame period of the first non-selection period t ₁₆ and t ₂₆ and subsequent selection period is divided into two phases have the second non-selection period t, 5 and t ₂₅ that is provided. t ₀₅ indicates the second non-selection period immediately before the first frame period t _{| 3} . t "indicates the BALS width of 2 0 0 tsec. Moreover, the peak value V, is _{1 1 V, V 2 6 V} , V 3 is 2, 5 V.

Scan electrode X! The selection period orchid tn (t ₂₁₎ is ± V _2, the first non-selection period t, 6 (t ₂₆₎ is 0 V, the second non-selection period _{t os (t, 5, t} 25) Apply ± V, and apply signal voltage ¾Y l. Υ2. Υ3 to turn on the pixel if you want to turn on the pixel. Are applied in this order. At this time the pixels, the selection period t (t 2,) a second non-selection period t ₀₅ immediately before the (t _15, t

In (25), (+ -V3) and (-V, + V3) or (+ V3) and (-V, -V3) above the saturation value are applied, and the selection period For tn (t 2!), when on (-V, + V 3) and (+ V>-V 3), when off (-V 2 + V 3) and (+ V ₂ — V 3) There is applied a first non-selection period t, at 6 (t 26), on, ± V ₃ by the off pattern was 2 0 0 it sec or applied with a pulse width of 40 0 sec. Since the value of soil V ₃ is smaller than the threshold value of 400 / ^ sec, even if the pulsation becomes 400 it sec, the light transmission characteristics are hardly affected.

In the driving method of this embodiment, the pixel is turned on immediately before the selection period, then turned off, and a pulse having a positive saturation value or more is applied within the selection period immediately after the pixel is turned on. Depending on whether a pulse is applied or whether the state is inverted to the on-state or whether the off-state is maintained, the time of the selection period can be halved compared to the driving methods of the first to fourth embodiments. This is an effective driving method when high-speed driving is required.

Also, the peak value of the pulse applied to the second non-selection period t ₀₅ (t, 5, t 25) Varies depending on the on and off patterns, but the light transmission amount does not change because both are above the saturation value. Further, in the present embodiment, since the pulse is turned on and off by applying a pulse that is equal to or larger than the saturation of the liquid crystal during the non-selection period, the contrast ratio slightly decreases, but as the number of scanning electrodes increases, the contrast ratio increases. The rate of decrease in contrast ratio is reduced, and a good contrast ratio can be obtained. In the case of this embodiment, the pixel (X i Y 1) is 1

A contrast ratio of 7: 1 was obtained for (Χ, Υζ) and a ratio of 16: 1 for (Xt Ya). Also in the actual example, the average value of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal was zero, and no deterioration of the liquid crystal element occurred.

In the embodiment, the second non-selection period is provided at the end of the frame period, that is, immediately before the next selection period. However, when applied to a display device, the second non-selection period is set within a time range where human eyes cannot identify. If so, it does not need to be immediately before the selection period.

FIG. 16 is a circuit block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the satisfactory waveform shown in FIG. 15. 11. Select 1 and select the scanning waveform at the time of selection and the S waveform at the non-selection of the OV in the scanning waveform data of c to create the scanning waveform. On the other hand, for the signal flotation waveform, the transmission gate _a 1 1 1 is selected by the signal b, and the ON waveform g and the OFF waveform h are selected by the signal electrode data d to create the signal voltage waveform. Applied to the liquid crystal element 113. _{Further, ± V,, ± V 2} , ± V 3, OV is a power supply voltage of the run查電桎及beauty signal electrodes. FIG. 17 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 6

First FIG. 8, FIG. 2 (b) to indicate such on the Hashi查Den棰Xi, the drive waveform applied to the X ₂ and the signal electrode Upsilon iota for the off state, the pixel (X, Upsilon shows the light transmission characteristics of I); Note that for clarity the change in HikariToruamane characteristics, in the next frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the oFF state. In FIG. 18, ₀₅ to 1; ₂₆ indicate that the deviation is the same as in FIG. 15, and t ′ n and t ′ 21 are the selection periods in the scan electrode X ₂ , t ′ ₀₅ and t ′ ₁₅ the second non-selection period, t _{'| 6} first non-selection period t is' ₁₂ shows the non-selection period in the frame period including between the first and second non-selection択期.

The peak values V, V 2, V 5, and V _e are 12 V, 10 V, 2 V, and 0 V, respectively, V 3 and V ₈ are 8 V, and V 4 and V 9 are 4 V .

The difference from the fifth embodiment is that the voltage level of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode are made common in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning electrode.

Scanning electrodes X, in the selection period t Η (t ₂₁₎ is the V ₄ and V _3, the first non-selection period t, 6 tt ₂₆ j> is the V ₂ and V _5, the second non In the selection period t _0S (t, 5 _.t 25, V | and V s are applied. If the scan electrode X i is an odd-numbered scan electrode, the even-numbered scan electrode X 2 has the first 8 as shown in FIG. X, phase applies a reverse pulse train and this is, Sakemoto on scanning Den槿X l is selected period mt _n (1 _{2 |.} when a, on the scanning electrode X ₂ of The pixel is in the second non-selection period t'05 (t ', 5), at which time a pulse of a saturation value or more for turning on and off the pixel is applied. It is necessary to alternately apply opposite-phase pulses to the electrodes, and as a result, the pulse applied to the signal electrode is changed to an odd-numbered pulse that turns the pixel on and off. It is necessary to make the waveforms different between the pixel on the scanning electrode and the pixel on the even-numbered scanning electrode:> Odd-numbered scanning electrode (for example, when turning on the pixel on X,; and V, and V _6,, in the order of V 6, when turning off the v ₈及Hi V ₉ is applied in the order of V _8, V 9, turning on the pixels on the even-numbered scanning electrodes (e.g. x ₂₎ When V a and V _a are turned off in the order of V ₃ and V 8, and when they are turned off, V, and V s are applied in the order of V s, V, and the pulse applied to the pixel (X, YI) Is substantially the same as in Example 5 except for the wave value. 90 077 ₍₂₂₎ A pulse having a waveform is applied. That If on, the selection period in tn (V ₄ - V,) and - negative (V _s VG), the positive saturation value or more pulses are applied, the case of O off, the selection period t in _2l (V ₄ - V ₈₎ and (V ₃ - negative V 9), a pulse of a positive threshold value less than the play application. In the second non-selection period t 05 (t, 5, t 25) immediately before the selection period, (V, — V 4) and (V _& — V ₈ ) or (V, — V 6) And (V _G — V,), a pulse exceeding the saturation value is applied to positive and negative 頋, and the pixel turns on once and then turns off. Does the pixel turn on in the next selection period? Select whether to keep the off state.

In the first non-selection period t _IG C t _2G), on the same way as in Example 5, by Ofuba turn, the pulse width is 2 0 0 psec or · 0 0 μ. Sec of (V ₅ one V s) and (V ₂ — V!) Or (V ₂ — V ₈ ) and (V _{& —} V s), a pulse with a value smaller than the threshold value at the time of pulse 耱 400 sec is applied.

Driving of this embodiment: The S method is an effective driving method when high-speed driving is required or when the number of scan electrodes is increased, as in the case of &. The contrast ratio was obtained.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. Select the transmission electrodes s 11 1 1 by the signals of a and b, select the scan electrode waveform when f is selected and the non-selective scan electrode waveform of g by using the scan electrode data of c, and select the scan electrode waveform. create. Here, h is an even-numbered scan electrode selection waveform. On the other hand, for the signal waveform, select the transmission sig- nal 1 1 1 for the signals a and b, and select the on waveform of i and the off waveform of j with the signal power data of e. The signal is generated and applied to the liquid crystal element 113. V _l , V _{2 l} V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , V ₆ , V _8> V ₉ are scanning electrodes and signal electrodes Power supply voltage. FIG. 20 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 7

Figure 21 shows the scanning waveform ftX for turning on and off as shown in Fig. 2 (b), the driving waveform applied to each pixel, and the light transmission characteristics. Note that for clarity the change in light transmission properties, in the next frame period t _23, one, obtained by inverting the OFF state.

In the second 1 view, t ₀₅ ~ t ₂₆ are all shows the same thing as the first 5 figures, the peak value V, is 8 V, V 2 is 4 V.

The difference from Embodiments 5 and 6 is that the pulse width of the pulse applied during the non-selection period is set to improve the contrast ratio. The saturation applied to turn on and off the liquid crystal The point is that the pulse does not become larger than the pulse larger than the value. The scanning period ¾X, has a selection period t _n (t 21) of ± V,, a first non-selection period and i6 (t 26) ϋ, 0 V,

t 05 (t | 5 t 25) applies> soil v, in the reverse order of the selection period, and 0 V, off if you want to turn on the pixel to the signal electrodes Υ!, Y 2, Y 3 If you want to, it applies a ± V ₂ negative, positive顢. At this time, each pixel has a second non-selection period t immediately before the selection period t _n (t ₂₁ ).

At 05 (t, 5> t ₂₅ ), ± V, or + V 2) and (-1 V, — V 2), which are all higher than the saturation value, are applied, and during the selection period t H (t 21), ± V, when on, (-V, + V 2) and (+ V, -V 2) when off, and during the first non-selection period t ₁₆ (t ₂₆ ). By the off pattern, (

+ V,-V 2) and (1 V, + V 2 or 0 V are applied. In this way, a pulse with a pulse width 200 μs larger than that applied during the non-selection period is applied. Therefore, the influence on the light transmission characteristics is further reduced.

The boat moving method of the tree embodiment is similar to that of the fifth and sixth embodiments. ,

(twenty four)

It is turned on after turning it on for a while, and it is necessary to apply a pulse above the positive saturation value or to apply a pulse below the threshold value during the selection period immediately after that. Since the selection of whether to keep the off state is selected, the period of the selection period can be halved compared to the ffi method of Examples 1 to 4, and a high speed opening is required. There is a driving method that is effective when increasing the number of scanning implants. * In the case of the embodiment, the contrast ratio of 22: 1 for the pixel (Χι Y1), 21: 1 for (X, Y2) and 20: 1 for (X! Ys) Obtained. Also in this example, the average value of the voltage applied to the liquid crystal was zero, and the liquid crystal element did not deteriorate.

Note that in the actual example, the second non-selection period was provided immediately before the next selection period in the frame period, that is, immediately before the next selection period. If it is within the range, it does not need to be immediately before the selection period.

FIG. 22 is a circuit block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the dynamic waveform shown in FIG. 21.Transmit, y signal gate 1 11 1 is selected by signals a and b. (5) Select the scanning waveform at the time of selection and the non-selective scanning electrode waveform of OV from the scanning waveform data at (c) to create the scanning waveform. On the other hand, as for the signal voltage waveform, select the transmission mix gate 1 1 1 for the signal of b, select the ON waveform of g and the OFF waveform of h with the signal electrode data of d, and select the signal electrode. Create waveform> Applied to liquid crystal elements 113. ± V _t , ± V ₂ , and OV are power supply voltages of the scanning power S and the signal plant. FIG. 23 shows signals at various points in the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 8

FIG. 24 shows the driving waveforms applied to the scanning electrodes SX 1 and X ₂ and the signal filY t for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b) and the light of the pixel (X 〖Y 1). Shows transmission characteristics. In order to make it easy to see the change in light transmission characteristics, In the frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the OFF state.

In FIG. 24, t _os to t 2S and t ′ _os to t ′ _{2 |} all indicate the same as in FIG.

The peak values V, V2, Va, V4, Vs, and VG are 10 V, 9 V, 7 V, 3 V, 1 V, and 0 V, respectively. Vm indicates the intermediate potential of the voltage pulse applied to the signal electrode, and is 5 V in this case.

The difference from the seventh embodiment is that the voltage level applied to the scanning electrode and the signal electrode is shared in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning contact.

Scanning power ft X! , The selection period tn ( _t2I ) is V 4 and V ₃ , the first non-selection period t, G (t ₂ β) is V ₂ and V 5, the second non-selection period t 05 (t, 5 t 25) applies V | and V _{6. If} the scan 宽 IX, is the odd-numbered scan electrode, the even-numbered scan electrode X 2 is shown in FIG. Thus, a pulse train with the opposite phase to Xi is applied. This is because when the pixel on the scanning electrode Χι is in the selection period t (t2), the pixel on the scanning electrode X2 is in the second non-selection period t'05 (t ', ₅ ). This is because, at this time, a pulse of a saturation value or more for turning on and off the pixel is applied, that is, in this embodiment, it is necessary to alternately apply a pulse of opposite phase to each scanning electrode. However, the pulse applied to the signal compressing electrode Y l needs to have different waveforms for the pulse for turning on the pixel and the pulse for turning off the pixel on the odd-numbered scan electrodes and the pixel on the even-numbered scan electrodes. there. that is, when turning on the pixels on the odd-numbered scanning electrode (eg X l) of V, and V ₆ V,, in the order of V 6, the V ₂ and V s when turning off v _2, V ₅ is applied sequentially to turn on the pixels on the even-numbered scanning electrodes (e.g. x ₂₎ If the a v ₂ and V ₅ in the order of V _5, V 2, if to be off, V, and applies the V ₆ V _6, V, in the order of. This time pixel (X, Y.) Is applied to the When the pulse is on, (V ₄ -V) and Negative - (V 3 V _ε), if the positive saturation value or more off pulse is applied, the selection択期between t ₂₁ (V ₄ -V a) and - negative (V a V 5), Positive Threshold A small value pulse is applied. In the second non-selection period t ₀₅ t, 5, t ₂₅ immediately before the selection period, (V! -V 5) and (V ₆ -V 2) or (V [— ₆ ) and (V ₆ — V,) A pulse with a saturation value or more is applied in the order of positive and negative, and the pixel turns on once and then turns off, then turns on during the next selection or turns off as it is Choose to keep the state.

In the first non-selection period t ₁₆ (t ₂₆ ), as in the seventh embodiment, depending on the on / off pattern, the liquid crystal of 0 V or (V ₅ —V 6) and (V ₂ —V,) Positive and negative pulses of a value sufficiently smaller than the threshold value are applied.

The driving method of the present embodiment is also an effective driving method when higher-speed driving is required or when the scanning power is increased as in the case of the fifth to seventh embodiments. The contrast ratio was obtained.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. a, signal b Nyori preparative lance Mi Tsushi ₃ Select Nge sheet 1 1 1, a scanning electric桎data c, and select the unselected run査電柽波type selection during the scanning electrodes waveforms and g of f , 查查桎桎波形波形波形波形Here, h is an even-numbered scanning electrode selection waveform. On the other hand the signal electric S waveform selects a, a re preparative La Nsumi Tsushi ₃ down gate 1 1 1 by the b signal, the signal Den毪data e, select On waveform and〗 off waveform of i, A signal signal S waveform is created and applied to the liquid crystal elements 113. V,, V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , and VG are the power supply voltages for the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. FIG. 26 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 9

FIG. 27 shows the driving waveform applied to each pixel on the scanning power Xi for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the light transmission characteristics. The light To facilitate re-divided changes in Yat over properties, in the next frame period t _23, one, obtained by inverting the OFF state.

In FIG. ₂₇ , t _{| 3} indicates the first frame period, and t23 indicates the next frame period. Also, t H and t ₂₁ indicate a selection period, t ₁₂ and t ₂₂ indicate a non-selection period, and t _{| 4} indicates a pulse width of 200 jit sec. The t _ls and t ₂₅ indicates the period for indicia pressurizing last or pulse for the average value correction provided at the end of the frame period of the next selection period. In this case, the period is 200 / sec.

The wave values V and V are 10 V, V ₂ is 8 V, and V ₃ and V ₄ are 2 V. To the scan electrode X, the selection period t H (t 21) is applied in the order of + V _,, -V 2, the non-selection period t _l2 (t ₂₂ ) is 0 V, and the last period of the frame period t ₁₅ (t 25;. applies an V 3 as a correction pulse signal electrodes Y,, Upsilon _2, the Upsilon _3, if you want to turn on the pixels, the ± V ₄ positive, negative Cancer If you want to turn off, apply a negative or positive この. At this time, if each S element is on, apply a pulse (+ VI — V 4) that is higher than the saturation value. When a smaller pulse (1 V 2 + V ₄₎ is applied, and when off, pulses (+ V, + V 4 and (1 V ₂ -V 4) above the saturation value are applied in order of positive and negative. that. the non-selection period t i2 (t ₂₂₎ is turned on, Ofuno, ♦ although ± V ₄ by coater emission is applied in 2 0 0 / tsec or 4 0 0 nsec pulse width, the frame period Last period t

15 (t ₂₅₎ only, because the correction pulse one V ₃ applied (one V ₃ - V 4) or (one V ₃ + V ₄₎ In other words one 4 V or 0 V is applied.

In this embodiment, after applying a first pulse having a positive polarity or more which causes the pixel to turn on at the beginning of the selection period, a second pulse having a polarity opposite to that of the first pulse and having a different peak value is applied. On / off is selected depending on whether the second pulse is below the threshold or above the saturation value. At this time, the difference between the peak value of the first pulse and the peak value of the second pulse is made equal, regardless of whether the pulse is on or off. The average value of the voltage applied within one frame period is made zero by correcting the minute in the period of t _1S (t 25).

In the embodiment, the pulse radiation of the correction pulse, the first pulse and the

The pulse width of pulse 2 is made equal, but is not necessarily limited to this. IV 1. t 1 I—IV ₂ -t 2 I = I Vs-t 3 I (where t, t _2, t ₃ represents the pulse width of each pulse.) the as Minatoashi may do it by setting the crest value及Pi Bals輜of each pulse.

In the driving method of the present embodiment, as in the case of the fifth to eighth embodiments, the time required for selection can be reduced to half of that of the driving methods of the first to fourth embodiments, so that high-speed driving is required. This is an effective driving method when the number of scanning electrodes is increased. In addition, unlike the driving methods of Examples 5 to 8, since the element B does not turn on and off during the non-selection period, a change in light transmission 鼉 in a short period of time causes a problem with the quality of the liquid crystal shutter. When applied to a terre, it is an Arigiku deer method.

* Pixel in the case of Example (Xt Y,) at 20: 1, (1 ¥ ₂₎ 1 7: Con preparative la scan Ratio of 1 were obtained: 2 0 1, (X t Y ₃₎ . In this embodiment, the correction pulse is applied at the end of the frame period, that is, immediately before the next selection period. However, since this correction pulse has almost no effect on the light transmission characteristics, Any timing may be applied within the non-selection period M. FIG. 28 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the K dynamic waveform shown in FIG. The scan electrode transfers the scan electrode data signal 1 2 1 to the shift register 1 1 5 with the scan electrode S shift CI By switching to 0 V and the voltage to correct the DC component immediately before the selection period, the scanning contact waveform is improved. On the other hand, the signal signal S 1 is sent to the shift register 1 1 4 by the signal switch 1, and the scan signal data is transferred to the shift register 1 1 4. Latch with latch signal 1 1 9 Switch to the missing transistor and switch on or off (b or c waveform). V,, -V 2, -V ₃ , ± V ₄ are drive voltages for the scan electrodes and the signal electrodes.

Figure 29. FIG. 28 is a timing chart showing the signal waveform of the circuit shown in the twenty-eighth (^ 1).

Example 1 0

FIG. 30 shows the driving waveform applied to the scanning electrode X and the signal electrode for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the light transmission of the element (ΧΊY!). Show characteristics. Note that for clarity the change in light transmission properties, in the next frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the OFF state.

In FIG. 30, t,..., T ₂₅ indicate the same as in FIG. ₂₇ . The peak values V 1, V 2, V 3, V 4, V 5, V 6, and V ₇ are 12 V, 10 V, 8 V, 6 V, 4 V, 2 V, and 0 V, respectively. V m indicates the intermediate potential between the voltage applied to the signal electrode and the bells, in this case 5 V.

The difference from the ninth embodiment is that the voltage level of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode are made common in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning electrode.

Scanning electrodes X, in the selection period (t ₂₁₎ is V,, in the order of V 7, the non-selection period t _{| 2} (t ₂₂₎ is applied in the order of _{V 6, V 3, t,} 5 (t period of 25) applies a v ₄ as a complement Tadashiyo pulse. Vs.V4 is applied to the signal electrode Y, in order to turn on the pixel, and V7, 2 is applied to the signal electrode Y, in order to turn off the pixel. At this time each pixel, if the ON saturation value or more pulses - after (V! V 5) is applied, the threshold by Li small pulse (V ₇ - V ₄₎ is applied, O full In any case, the pulses (ν, — v ₇ ) and (v ₇ — v ₂ ) having a saturation value or more are applied in the order shown in the figure. In the non-selection period t _l2 (t 22), (V ₆ —V ₇ ) and (V ₃ —V ₂ ) are set to 200 itsec or Is applied with a pulse width of 400 μs. However, during the last period t 15 (t ₂₅ ) of the frame period, the correction pulse ₄ is applied (V ₄ — V 2) or (V 4 — V 4) That is, 14 V or 0 V is applied. : *: Example, similarly to Example 9, to correct the difference between the peak value of the positive and negative pulses play applied during the selection period in the period of t ₁₅ (t _25), applied to one frame period The average value of the applied voltage is set to zero.

Similarly to the ninth embodiment, when applied to a liquid crystal shutter and the like, the driving method of the present embodiment obtained the same contrast ratio as that of the ninth embodiment using an effective driving method. FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. Select the transmissible gate 1 1 1 in response to the signal a, and select the scanning waveform when selecting e and the non-selection scanning waveform f when selecting e using the scanning power b.查 Make a planting waveform. On the other hand, for the signal voltage waveform, select the response missing gate 1 1 1 according to the signal a, select the ON waveform of g and the OFF waveform of h with the signal electrode data of d, and select the signal voltage.を Create a waveform and apply it to liquid crystal elements 1 1 3. V,, V ₂ , V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , V ₆ , and V r are the power supply voltages of the scanning electrodes and signal electrodes. FIG. 32 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 1 1

FIG. 33 shows the driving waveform applied to each pixel on the scanning electrode for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the light transmission characteristics. Note that for clarity the change in light transmission properties, in the next frame period t _23, one was allowed to Han耘off like wisteria.

Tu ~ t ₂₅ in the third Figure 3, both shows the same thing as the second FIG. 7, the peak value V, is 8 V, V ₂ is SV, V ₃ and V ₄ are 2 V.

The difference from Examples 9 and 10 is that in order to improve the contrast ratio, The point is that the pulse width of the pulse applied during the selection period must not be greater than> the saturation value applied to turn on and off the liquid crystal. To the scanning electrode X, the selection period t H (t 21) is + VI, then one V ₂ in order, and 0 V is applied to the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ ), and t 15 (t ₂₅ period) applies an V ₃ as a correction pulse. Apply ov to the signal electrodes Y i, Y 2, and Y 3 to turn the pixel on, and apply ± v ₄ in the order of negative> positive to turn the pixel off. At this time, when on, a pulse + V, which is higher than the saturation value, is applied to each pixel, and then a pulse smaller than the threshold value v ₂ is applied.When off, a pulse above the saturation value is applied to each pixel. Is applied to 頫 of + V 4)> (−V 2 — V 4). Also non-selection period t, 2 (t ₂₂₎ is turned on, the off pattern, the pulse width 2 0 0 3 6 0: Although also rather BALS ± Ma ₄ of 0 V is applied, the frame period During the last period t (t ₂₅ ) only, the correction pulse V 3 is added.

V ₃ — V ₄ ) or one V ₃ is applied.

* Also in the embodiment, after applying the first pulse having a positive Geunsity equal to or higher than the saturation value of the positive Geunity for turning on the pixel at the beginning of the selection period, the second pulse having the opposite polarity and a different peak value is applied. The second pulse is turned on and off depending on whether the second pulse is below the threshold or above the saturation value. At this time, one, a re involved off Ku, leave Gushi equal the difference between the first and the pulse wave height of the second pulse wave髙値of the difference amount with a period of t ₁₅ (t ₂₅₎ By making corrections, the average value of the applied Yangju in one frame period is set to zero.

In the embodiment, the pulse radiation of the correction pulse and the pulse of the first pulse and the second pulse are equalized. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and IV, -t! I-IV 2-t 2 I = IV 3-t 3 I (where t,, t 2, and t 3 indicate the pulse width of each pulse.) What is necessary is just to set the radiation. The driving method of the thick embodiment also requires a high-speed driving because the time of the selection period can be halved as compared with the driving methods of the first to fourth embodiments, similarly to the ninth and tenth embodiments. This is an effective operation method when the number of scanning lightning plants is large. Also, since the pixels do not turn on or off during the non-selection period as in the driving methods of Examples 5 to 8, even a change in the light transmission 畺 in a very short time may cause a quality problem S. This is an effective ffi-moving method when applied to liquid crystal shutters.

In the actual travel example, the contrast is 24: 1 for the pixel (X! Yi), 23: 1 for (Χ, ΥΧ!), And 23: 1 for (XiYs). A ratio was obtained. Also in the case of the embodiment, the timing for applying the correction pulse is not limited to immediately before the selection period.

FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform shown in FIG. For the scanning power plant, the scanning power data signal 121 is transferred to the shift register 115 with the scanning power shift clock signal 120, and the waveform of d during the selection period and OV during the non-selection period. t Switch the voltage to correct the DC component immediately before the selection period, and output the traveling fridge waveform. On the other hand, the signal electrode data signal 1 17 is transferred to the shift register 1 14 with the signal shift shift clock 1 18 to the signal electrode, and after the data for one scan line is transferred, the latch signal 1 19 is transferred to the signal electrode. Latch 1 16, and switch the transmission missing gate 1 11 with the output to output on or off (b or c waveform). V,, —V 2, -V ₃ , and soil V ₄ are the K dynamic voltages of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode.

FIG. 35 is a timing chart showing signal waveforms of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example: 1 2

Fig. 36 shows the scanning waveform for turning on and off as shown in Fig. 2 (b) and the driving waveform applied to the signal pack, and the light of the pixel (ΧιΥ,). Shows transmission characteristics. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission characteristics, obtained by inverting the next full, on-off state in the frame period t _23.

In the third 6 view, t _n ~ t ₂₅ are all shows the same thing as the second 7 FIG. The peak values V, V a, V 3, V ₄ , V ₆ , and V ₇ are 10 V, 8 V, 6 V, 4 V, 2 V, and 0 V, respectively. V m indicates the M potential of the voltage pulse applied to the signal electrode, and in this case, it is 4 V.

Example 11 is different from Example 1 in that the voltage levels of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode S are shared in order to reduce the voltage applied to the scanning electrode. The scanning electrode XI has a selection period t. H (t ₂₁ ) is applied in the order of V and V 7, non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ ) is applied in the order of V _β and V ₃ , and t | ₅ (t _2S ) is the correction pulse V ₄ is applied. Signal罨接Y, the> in the order of V _6, V 3 If you want to turn on the pixel, if you want to turn off, in this case each pixel of applying V _7, V, in the order of, if on, After a pulse (V i .—V s) above the saturation value is applied, a pulse (V ₇ —V ₃ ) smaller than the threshold is applied. When the pulse is off, any pulse above the saturation value (V,-V 7) and (V ₇ -V 2) are applied in the order shown in the figure. In the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t 22), (V ₆ -V ₇ ) and (V ₃ -V 2) or 0 V are applied depending on the on and off patterns, but at the end of the frame period. During the period t ₁₅ (t ₂₅ ), since the correction pulse v ₃ is applied, (V ₄ -V 2) or (V ₄ -V ₃ ) is applied. This embodiment, similarly to Example 1 1, to correct the difference between the peak value of the positive and negative pulse applied during the selection period in the period of t 1 ₅ (t :), applied is the one frame period The average value of the applied voltage is set to zero.

As in the case of the embodiment 11, the fuzzy method of the present embodiment is also an effective driving method when applied to a liquid crystal shutter or the like, and has a contrast ratio similar to that of the embodiment 11. I got it. 3 7 figures by the _beta a signal is blanking lock diagram showing an example of a practical circuit for realizing the K dynamic waveform shown in the third Figure 6 Li, preparative lance mission-Gerhard Nge sheet 1 1 1 is selected, and the scanning waveform at the time of selection of e and the scanning waveform at the non-selection of f are selected from the scanning data of b, and a scanning waveform is generated. On the other hand, for the signal voltage waveform, select the transmissive missing gate 1 1 1 according to the signal a, select the ON waveform of g and the OFF waveform of h with the signal contact data d, and select the signal A Gesn waveform is created and applied to the liquid crystal elements 113. Also, V,, V ₂ , V ₃ , V 4, V 6, V ₇ are the supply voltages of the scanning power and the signal power S. FIG. 38 is a signal at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 1 3

Third FIG. 9, on as shown in FIG. 2 (b), a drive waveform applied to the scan Dense' X _t and the signal conductive to the off state, the pixel (X, Upsilon 1) of the light transmission Show characteristics. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission properties, in the next frame period t ₂₃ on, by inverting the OFF state.

In the third 9 view, t ₁₃ is the first frame period, t ₂₃ illustrates the next frame period, t _u and t _2I selection period, t ₂₁ and t ₂₂ show the non-selection period. Also, t14 indicates a pulse width of 200 μs, sec.

The peak value is 30 V and V ₂ is 12 V.

In particular, the present embodiment improves the memory contrast of the liquid crystal element by applying a low frequency AC pulse having a frequency of 10 KHz during the non-selection period, thereby improving the contrast ratio. I have done it.

Scanning electron contact X, in the selection period tu (t _2,) is 0 V _t the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t 22) applies a ± V! AC pulse, the脣号electrodeposition, ± V 2 Is applied when the pixel is to be turned on: Apply to negative 顚, and to turn off the pixel, apply in the order of negative and positive. In this case, the pulse applied to (X i Y i) is such that ± ν ₂ is applied in the order of negative and positive when on, and positive and negative in the case of off. crest value (+ V, + V 2) negative peak value (one V, + V 2) in AC pulse and a positive peak value of (+ V ₁ - V 2) negative peak value at the (single an AC pulse of V i + V 2) is applied alternately period t _14. Each of the pulses applied during the selection period is equal to or higher than the saturation value, but ON or OFF is selected according to the polarity of the pulse applied last. The peak value of the AC pulse applied during the selection period is very large, but the pulse width is very small at 50 μsec, so the liquid crystal element does not respond, and The leadability is improved, and the contrast ratio is improved. In this example, an extremely excellent contrast ratio of 40: 1 was obtained. Further, the average value of the voltage pulses applied to the liquid crystal element was zero, and the liquid crystal element did not deteriorate.

FIG. 40 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the defeat waveform shown in FIG. Select the transmis- sion 3 gate 1 11 1 for the signals a and b, and use the scan electrode data c. Selects the scanning waveform at 0 V selection S waveform and the scanning electrode waveform at non-selection of e to create a scanning waveform. On the other hand, the signal signal waveform is selected by selecting the transmission sig- nal s 1 1 1 for the signal a and selecting the f-on waveform and the g-off waveform with the d signal electrode data. And applied to the liquid crystal element 113. _{± V t, ± V 2,} 0 V is the supply voltage of the run查電毪and signal electrodes. FIG. 41 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 1 4

FIG. 42 shows the driving waveform applied to the scanning electrode X and the signal contact Y i for turning on and off as shown in FIG. 2 (b), and the driving waveform of the pixel (Χ ι Y 1). Shows light transmission characteristics. In order to facilitate re-divided a change in light transmission properties, the next on the frame periods t _23, was Han耘off. In the 42 view, t ₁₃ the first frame period, t ₂₃ represents the next frame period, t _n and 1 ₂₁ selection period, showing a ₁₂ and 1 ₂₂ Ho non-selection period. Also, t 14 indicates a noiseless width of 200 μ, sec. ■

What differs from embodiment 1 3, a high frequency alternating current to be applied the difference between the peak value of the positive negative bus pulse is applied during the selection period t _n (t 2,), the non-selection period t _l2 (t ₂₂₎ The point to be corrected by the pulse, therefore, the peak values V and V of this AC pulse

_{_{4, IV 3 't, 4 I}} - IV 2 - t 14 I = 1/2 (IV, - t 12 I - IV 4 • t, 2 I) is set to satisfy. In the case of the present embodiment, t 12 = 10 t, 4, so the peak values V, V a, V 3, V 4 were set to 30 V, 10 V, 20 V, 28 V, respectively. _β or V ₅ is 5 V.

In the scanning period, _V ₃ and V ₂ are negative and positive in the selected period t (t ₂₁ ). In the non-selected period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ >, the positive peak values are V,, and the negative wave. high value is applied to ac BALS of frequency 1 0 KH z in V _4, the signal on electrode YI> ± V 5, positive when it is desired to turn on the pixel, a negative靦, if you want to turn off the negative, applied to the positive頗. in this case the pixel (X, Y!). If on the above saturation value (one V ₃ -V

5) and (+ V ₂ + V 5) are applied and when off, an eclipse pulse (-V 3 + V 5) above the saturation value and (+ V ₂ -V 5) smaller than the threshold are applied Is done. During the non-selection period, the positive peak value is (+ V, -V5) and the negative peak value is (1-V5).

An AC pulse of V 4 + V 5) and an AC pulse of a positive peak value of —V 5) and a negative peak value of (—V ₄ —V ₅ ) are alternately applied for a period of t _{| 4} . The difference between the peak values of the positive and eclipse pulses applied during the selection period is (V ₃ -V 2) irrespective of on / off, and the difference is corrected by the AC pulse applied during the non-selection period. The average value of the underpressure pulse applied to the element is zero. * Also in the example, the memory property of the liquid crystal element was improved, and an excellent contrast ratio similar to that of the example 13 was obtained. ,,

(37)

FIG. 43 is a circuit block diagram of an example of a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveforms shown in FIG. In response to the signals a and b, the transmis- sion a gate 1 1 1 is selected. Select to create a scan electrode waveform. On the other hand, the signal electrode waveform is selected by selecting the transmis- sion sig- nal 1 1 1 by the signal a, selecting the on waveform of g and the off waveform of h by the signal electrode data of d, and selecting the signal signal waveform. A waveform is created and applied to the liquid crystal elements 113. V,, V ₂ > -V 3, -V 4, ± V 5 are the power supply voltages of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode. FIG. 44 shows signals at each point of the circuit shown in FIG.

Example 1 5

FIG. 45 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the present embodiment. FIG. 81 is a diagram in which the K dynamic waveform created by this circuit is applied to a liquid crystal element. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a killing circuit for performing the above. 4 5 1 frame signal, 4 5 2 § Li in the polarity switching signal, Ri due to these signals, door lance Mi Tsu _three Nge - door 1 1 1 and S w etching V,, V 2 , — V 3, — Switch the voltage of V 4, and make the selection waveform 453 of the scanning contact. The V _[delta]> - a voltage V 6 Setsuri換Ete make on waveform 4 5 4 and off waveform 4 5 5 signal electrodes. FIG. 46 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the drive circuit shown in FIG. 81 to generate drive waveforms to be applied to the scan electrodes and the signal electrodes. That is, the selected waveform 45 3 is set to 8101 and 8102, the non-selected waveform is set to 0 V to 8103, the ON waveform 450 is set to 8105, and the OFF waveform 450 5 is applied to 8104 respectively.

In FIG. 81, 121 is the scan electrode data, which is transferred to the scan electrode side shift register 115 by the scan electrode shift clock 120, and the Outputs the selection signal sequentially and switches the transistor 3 gate 1 1 1 And apply the scanning drive waveform to 810 7. Reference numeral 117 denotes signal electrode data, which is transferred to the signal electrode side shift register 114 by the signal electrode shift clock 118, and data for one scanning contact is transferred. After that, the latch circuit 1 16 latches with the latch signal 1 19. Switching of the resilience sr gate 11 1 by the ffj force of the latch circuit 1 16 and switching of the on waveform 454 and the off waveform 4 5 5 switch the signal electrode dynamic waveform. Is applied to 8106.

In FIG. 46, the driving waveform applied to the scanning implant 810 and the signal S 810 shown in FIG. 81, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 8111 and the light transmission The characteristics are shown.

t _13, t 23. 1 ₃₃ and 1 _43, 1 frame period, respectively, [pi. t _21, t

31 and t 4, respectively show the selection period, t, a t 22. t ₃₂ and t ₄₂ are respectively unselected斯間. The _{_{t 14, t, t 24,}} t 25. t 34, t 35. t 44 and t ₄₅ represents a pulse spokes, in the present real ¾ example are both 2 0 0 ^ SC.

Further, the peak value V, and V ₄ is 1 0 V, V ₂ and V ₃ are 8 V, V 5 and V _G is 2 V.

The查電S 8 1 0 9 run, the selection period tu, as shown in FIG. 46 46 1 (t 21, t 31 . T 41) is alternately every one frame, the first selecting waveform + V 2 and one V ₄ are applied in the order of negative and positive, and as the second selected waveform, + V and one V ₃ are applied to the positive and negative 顒, and the non-selection period t ₁₂ (t ₂₂ , t 32 For t 42), OV is added. Also, as shown in FIG. 46, the signal generator 811 10 has + V ₅ and one V ₆ in the order of positive and negative in order to turn on the pixel, and + V5 and one Vs are applied in the order of negative and positive.

At this time, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 811 1 is the ON waveform in the frame where the first narrowing waveform is applied to the scanning cell 810 in FIG. 463. If (one V 4-V 5) and (V ₂ + V _e ) are negative and positive in order, (-V 4 + V 6) and (V ₂ -V 5) are applied in the order of negative and positive. In the frame where the second selected waveform is applied, (V!-V 5) and (one V ₃

+ V 6) is applied in the order of positive and negative, and when off, (V i + V _e ) and (one V ₃ -V ₅ ) are applied in the order of positive and negative. In addition, 1 and + V s are applied during the non-selection period.

In the K-motion method of the embodiment, a pulse having a positive or negative saturation value or more is applied at the beginning of the selection period to turn on or off, and a pulse to be subsequently applied is a pulse having a saturation value that is greater than or equal to the reverse flute saturation value. ON / OFF is selected depending on whether the on / off state is reversed or the pulse is kept as it is as a pulse smaller than the reverse polarity threshold. In the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the peak values of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is (V ₄ — V ₂ ), that is, 12 V. In the frame to which the alternative waveform is applied, (V, -V 3), that is, +2 V, cancels each other. That is, in the embodiment, the average value of the voltage pulse applied to the pixel every two frames is set to zero to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal element. FIG. 46 shows the light transmission characteristics of the pixel 8111.

Example 1 6

FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram showing a specific circuit for implementing the K dynamic waveform in this embodiment. FIG. 81 is a diagram showing a driving waveform generated by this circuit applied to a liquid crystal element. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a driving circuit for performing the above. 4 7 1 frame signal, 4 7 2 ¾ of Setsuri recombination signal at § Li, these signals, preparative lance Mi Tsu sheet _a Nge sheet 1 1 1 and S w etching V,, - V 2, -V 7, -V 8 voltage cut-off area Create scan electrode selection waveform 4 7 3 and switch -V ₃ , -V 6 voltage to create scan electrode non-selection waveform 4 7 4 . Further, the voltage of one V ₂ , -V 4, -V 5, and -V 7 is switched to generate the ON waveform 475 and the OFF waveform 476 of the signal contact. FIG. 48 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms. These signal waveforms are applied to the driving circuit shown in FIG. 81 to create a driving waveform to be applied to the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. That is, select waveform 473 is applied to 8101 and 8102, unselected waveform 474 is applied to 8103, open waveform 475 is applied to 8105, and off waveform 476 is applied to 8104. .

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 121 denotes scanning planting data, which is transferred to the scanning electrode side shift register 115 by the scanning electrode and the safety clock 120, and is sequentially transferred by one scanning potential. By inputting a selection signal, switching is performed on the transmis- sion 3-gate 1 11 1 and a scanning drive waveform is applied to 8107. Also, reference numeral 117 denotes signal electrode data, which is transferred to the S-side shift register 114 by the signal electrode shift block 118 to obtain the signal potential of the first run. After the data is transferred, the latch circuit 1 16 is latched by the latch signal 1 19, and the output of the latch circuit 1 16 is used as the transmis- sion gate 1 1 1 Is switched, the ON waveform 475 and the OFF waveform 476 are switched, and the signal S drive waveform is applied to 810.

In FIG. 49, the driving waveform applied to the scanning electrode 8109 and the signal implant 8110 shown in FIG. 81, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 8111 and the light transmission characteristics Is shown.

_{t 13, t 23, 1 ^} 33 and 1; _43, 1 frame period, respectively, t _ll t ₂ said t ₃₁ and t _41, respectively selection _{period, t, 2, t 22,} t 32 and t ₄₂ are Each shows the non-selection period. Also, 14.t15 ^ 24 »t25, t34, I35» t44 and レ 45 indicate the pulse width. * In the case of the embodiment, each is 200 itsec. Peak value V, is 0 V, V ₂ is 2 V, V ₃ is 4 V, V ₄ is 6 V> V ₅ is ₅ V, ν ε 1 0 V, V 7 1 2 V, V 8 1 4 V. In addition, 1 Vm indicates the midpoint potential of the voltage pulse applied to the signal voltage. In this case, it is 17 V.

Example 15 differs from Example 15 in that the voltage levels applied to the scanning electrodes were reduced so that the voltage levels of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode were shared. (") The point where the waveform was changed by the selected waveform applied to the scanning lightning pole.

I.e. run查電planting 8 1 0 9, the Yo La shown in the fourth 9 4 9 1, selection period _{t (t 21. T 31,} t 41) is alternately every one frame, the first selection waveform to one V _e and single V ₂ gar V _8, - in the order of V 2, also V as the second selecting waveform, and single V ₇ is V,, is sequentially applied to one V 7 , a non-selection period _{_{t | 2 (t 22, t}} 32, t 42) , the first one V ₃ in frames that signal is applied and single V ₆ gar V _3, - in the order of V 6, also In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied,

V 6, — Applied in the order of V 3.

The signal electrodes 8 1 1 0, urchin by showing the fourth 9 4 9 2, in the frame of the first signal is applied to one V ₂ and single V as the O emissions waveform 7 gar V ₂ , one V

It is applied in the order of 7, one V ₄ and single V ₅ Gar V 4 as an off waveform is sequentially applied to one V _5. In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, one V 4 and one V ₅ are applied to one V _s , —V 4 顒 as an on waveform, and one V as an off waveform.

V 2 and single V ₇ gar V _7, - is applied in the order of V 2.

At this time, as shown in Fig. 49, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 811 1 is (--) when it is on in the frame in which the first selection waveform is applied to the scan electrode. (V ₈ + V 2) and (1 V ₂ + V 7) are applied in the order of negative and positive, and when off, (1 V 8 + V 4) and (1 V ₂ + V s) are applied in the order of negative and positive In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, (V i + V 5) and (one V ₇ + V 4) are positive and negative in the order of ON, and (V, + V 7) and (1 V _e + V ₂ ) are applied in positive and negative order. In the non-selection period, (−V ₆ + V 7) and (1 V 3 + V 2) or (1 V ₃ + V 4) and (1 V ₆ + V 5) are applied.

* In the driving method of the embodiment, the pulse which is higher than the positive or negative saturation value is applied at the beginning of the selection period to turn on or off. To reverse the on / off state, or ON or OFF is selected depending on whether the pulse is held as it is. In the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the peak values of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is (V 7 -V 8) or (V ₄ + V 5 -V 2 -V ₈ ) That is, it is 1 V, but in the frame where the _t- th selected waveform is applied, it is V 2 or (V 4 + V 5 — V 7), that is, +2 V. , Offset each other. That is, also in this embodiment, the average value of the voltage applied to the pixel every two frames is set to zero to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal element. FIG. 49A shows the optical characteristics of the pixel 8111.

Example 1 7

FIG. 50 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform in the present embodiment. FIG. 81 is a diagram for applying the driving waveform generated by this circuit to a liquid crystal element. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of the drive circuit of FIG. Reference numeral 501 denotes a frame signal, and reference numeral 502 denotes a contact switching signal. In response to these signals, the transmission gate 11 is switched to V,, V2. -V 3, — The voltage of V 4 is cut off, and the selection waveform 503 of the scan electrode is generated. In addition, the V ₅ , —V ₆₀ V voltage is switched to generate the ON waveform 504 and the OFF waveform 505 of the signal connection. Fig. 51 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the drive circuit shown in FIG. 81 to generate drive waveforms to be applied to the scanning electrodes S and the signal electrodes. That is, the selected waveform 503 is set to 8101 and 8102, the non-selected waveform is set to 0 V to 8103, and the ON waveform 504 is set to 8105. 0 5 is applied to 8 104 respectively.

In FIG. 81, 121 is the scanning lever data, which is transferred to the scanning electrode shift register 115 by the scan electrode shift clock; A selection signal is output one by one in order to switch the transmission sig- nal gate 11 1, and a drive contact driving waveform is applied to 8107. In addition, 1 1 7 This is fed to the signal-side shift register 1 14 by the signal connection shift clock 118 and latched after the data for the first run of the dragon plant has been transferred. Latch circuit 1 16 is latched by signal 1 19. Output Nyori preparative lance Mi Tsu sheet ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1 of the latches circuit 1 1 6 Sui etching, the on waveform 5 0 4 and O full waveform 5 0 5 Setsuri substitution example the signal driving waveform Apply to 8 106.

Fig. 51 shows the K dynamic waveform applied to the scanning tangent 810 and the signal ¾¾ 8110 shown in Fig. 81, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 8111, and the light transmission. The characteristics are shown.

t _13, t 23. 1 ₃₃ and 1; _43, 1 frame period, respectively, t _n, t ₂ said t 3 ₁ and t _4l are each selection period t _12, t 22. t ₃₂ and t _42, respectively Indicates the non-selection period. Further, t _l4 , t, _{5.t 24.t} ₂₅ , t 34.t ₃₅ , t ₄₄ and t _4S indicate pulse radiation, and in the case of the present embodiment, each is 200 / tt sec.

The peak values V and V ₄ are 8 V, V 2 and V ₃ are 6 V, V 5 and .V 6 are 2 V.

As shown in FIG. 5 11, the scanning electrode ₈₁₀₉ has a selection period t _u (t 21, t _{3I .t} _{4 |} ) that alternates with the first selection period every frame. waveform and to V ₂ and single V ₄ are negative, a positive order and V as the second selecting waveform, and single V 3 is applied to the positive negative forward> non-selection period t ₁₂ (t _22, t _32, t ₄₂₎ is, OV is applied.

The signal electric S8 1 1 0, as shown in 5 1 5 1 2, in the frame of the first signal is applied on the waveform and to V ₅ and single V ₆ positive, negative 0 V is applied as an off waveform. In addition frames that the second signal is applied, 0 V is applied to the on waveform, V _s and an off waveform - V 6 is negative, is applied to the positive order ₉

At this time, the composite waveform applied to pixel 8 11 1 is as shown in Fig. 51 13 On the other hand, in the frame in which the first selected waveform is applied to the scanning current S, the on-state (one v ₄ — V 5) and (V ₂ + V 6) are negative, the positive order is> negative one v ₄ and V ₂ is applied to the positive sequence, V _t and single V ₃ positive in the case of O emissions in frame second遷択waveform is applied, in the order of food, in the case of off ( V i + V _e ) and (one V ₃ — V ₅ ) are applied positively and negatively.

During the non-selection period, 0 V or V ₅ and 1 V s are applied.

Also in the pour method of this embodiment, a pulse having a positive or negative saturation value or more is applied at the beginning of the selection period to turn on or off, and a pulse to be applied next is a pulse having a reverse polarity of IS value or more. The on / off state is selected depending on whether the on / off state is inverted or the pulse is kept as a pulse smaller than the reciprocal threshold. In the frame where the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the peak values of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is (V ₂ — V 4), that is, 12 V. In the frame to which the waveform is applied, (V, — V ₃ ), that is, +2 V, cancels each other. That is, also in the present embodiment, the average value of the voltage pulse applied to the pixel every two frames is set to zero to prevent the liquid crystal element from deteriorating. The light transmission characteristics of g element 811 1 are shown in FIG.

Example 1 8

Fig. 52 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform in the * embodiment, and Fig. 81 is a diagram in which the K dynamic waveform created by this circuit is applied to the liquid crystal element. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a driving circuit. 5 21 is a frame signal, and 5 22 is a contact switching signal. These signals are switched, and the transmis- sion 3 gate 11 1 is switched to V,, — V 2, -V 7, - Setsuri換give a voltage V 8, make a selection waveform 5 23 run查電槿, -V 3, by switching the voltage of -V _G making OFF signal 5 24 scan electrodes, also one By switching the voltages of V ₂ , -V 3, -VG, and -V ₇ , the ON waveform 525 and the OFF waveform 526 of the signal power are generated. FIG. 53 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the drive circuit shown in FIG. 81 to generate a driving waveform applied to the scanning electrode and the signal electrode. That is, the selected waveform 5 2 3 is set to 8101 and 8102, the unselected waveform 5 24 is set to 8103, the ON waveform 5255 is set to 8105, and the waveform 526 is set to 8 Applied to 104 respectively.

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 121 denotes scan electrode data, which is transferred to a scan electrode plant shift register 115 by a scanning clock 120, and one scan electrode is transferred. A selection signal is sequentially output, and the transmission _B gate 11 1 is switched, and the scan voltage ft drive waveform is applied to 8107. Reference numeral 117 denotes signal electrode data, which is transferred to the signal electrode side shift register 114 by a signal electrode shift clock 118, and data for one scanning electrode is transferred. Then, the latch circuit 1 16 is latched by the latch signal 1 19. The latches circuit 1 1 6 Li preparative lance Mi Tsu sheet ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1 by the output of the and S w etching, the on waveform 5 2 5 and the OFF waveform 5 2 6 Setsuri substitution example the signal electric igffi Apply a dynamic waveform to 816.

FIG. 54 shows the driving waveform applied to the scanning electrode 8109 and the signal electrode 8110 shown in FIG. 81, and the combined waveform and light applied to the pixel 8111. Shows transmission characteristics.

t, 3 .t 23 1 ₃₃ and 1 ₄₃ are 1 frame period t H, t ₂ , t 31 and t ₄ , respectively, are selection periods t ₁₂ , t 22, t ₃₂ and t ₄₂ are not selected respectively Indicates the period. The t 14, t IS, t 24 . T 25> t 34. T 35, t 44及Hi t ₄₅ shows a pulse, in the present embodiment are both 2 0 0 μ sec.

Peak value V, is 0 V, V ₂ is 2 V, V ₃ is 4 V, V ₆ is 1 0 VV 8 is 8 V 'V Ma is 1 2 V. Also, it indicates the intermediate potential of the voltage pulse applied to the Vm signal power S, in this case 6 V.

Example 17 differs from Example 17 in that scanning was performed to reduce the drag pressure applied to the scanning electrodes. The point is that the voltage level of the inspection fence and the signal electrode are shared.

The run查電planting 8 1 0 9, the O La shown in FIG. 54 54 1, selection period _{tn (t 21, t 31,} t 41) Ho, alternately every frame, the first Noko択1 V as waveform

8 and single V 2 gar V _8, in the order of one V _2, also V I and single V ₇ as the second selection waveform V! , Is applied to the incarcerated one V _7, the non-selection period _{_{t, 2 (t 22, t}} 32 vt 42

), The first selecting waveform is one V _3, and single v _s gar v in frames applied ₃ - V e is applied in the order of, and in frame of the second signal is applied to one V beta , — _Β applied in order of V 3

The signal Den槿8 1 1 0 as shown in FIG. 54 542, in the frame in which the first signal is applied to one and the on waveform V ₂ and single V ₇ gar V _2, single V In the order of 7, 1 V ₃ and 1 V ₆ are applied to the −V ₃ and 1 Vs 頋 as off waveforms, and in the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, 1 V ₃ and 1 Vs are applied as on waveforms. V ₃ and '1 V 6 are 1 V _s , 1 V ₃ in order, and 1 V ₂ and 1 V 7 are 1

V 7, — Applied in the order of V ₂ .

At this time, as shown in Fig. 54, 543, the composite waveform applied to the S element 8 11 1 is as follows when the first selected waveform is applied to the scanning fence, when it is on (— V ₈ + V 2) and (1 V ₂ + V 7) are applied negatively and positively, and when off, (1 V 7 + V 2) and (1 V ₂ + V 6) are applied in the order of negative and positive In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, (1 V ₂ + V 7) and (1 V ₇ + V ₃ ) are in positive and negative order in the case of ON, and (V, + V 7) and (one V ₇ + V 2) are applied in order of positive and negative.

During the non-selection period, 0 V or (1 V _e + V 7) or (1 V ₃ + V ₂ ) is applied.

* In the driving method of the embodiment, the pulse applied at the beginning of the selection period is turned on or off by applying a pulse with a positive or negative saturation value or more. The ON / OFF state is selected depending on whether the ON / OFF state is reversed as a pulse with a value greater than the value or whether the pulse is kept as it is as a pulse smaller than the reverse polarity threshold. In the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the peak values of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is (V ₇ -V 8) or (V ₆ -V 7), ie, 1 V, but in the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, (V ₃ −V ₂ ) or V _2, ie, +2 V, cancels each other. That is, in the embodiment, the average value of the voltage pulse applied to the pixel every two frames is set to zero to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal element. FIG. 544 shows the light transmission characteristics of the pixel 8111.

Example 1 9

FIG. 55 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the present embodiment. FIG. 81 is a diagram in which the drive waveform generated by this circuit is applied to a liquid crystal element. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a driving circuit for the present invention. 55 1 is a frame signal, 55 2 is a polarity switching signal> 55 3 is a write pulse switching signal, and these signals are used to transmit the transmission gate 1 1 1 Itching and V! The voltage of V ₂ , V 3, -V 4, -V 5 .-V 6 is switched to create the scan electrode selection waveform 554. In addition, the V ₇ , −V 8, and 0 V voltages are switched to generate ON waveforms 55 5 and OFF waveforms 5 56 of the signal electrodes. Fig. 56 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the K-motion circuit shown in FIG. 81 to generate drive waveforms to be applied to the scanning electrodes and the signal electrodes. That is, the selected waveform 554 is set to 8101 and 8102, the non-selected waveform is set to 0 V to 8103, the open waveform 5555 to 8105, and the off waveform 55 6 is applied to 8 104 respectively.

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 121 denotes scanning electroplantation data, which is transferred to the scanning electrode side shift register 115 by the scanning electrode S shift clock 120, and is used for one scanning signal. . ,

(48)

Outputs the contact selection signal and switches the transmission sig- nal 1 11 1> Apply the scan firing drive waveform to 810 7. Reference numeral 117 denotes signal fence data, which is transferred to the signal electrode side and the resistance register 114 by a signal electrode shift clock 118, and is used for one scanning voltage. rats to switch the latches circuit 1 1 6 by latches signal 1 1 9 After transferring data - by the output of the latches circuit 1 1 6 y preparative lance Mi Tsu sheet ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1 Is switched, and the ON waveform 555 and the OFF waveform 555 are switched to apply the signal F fluctuating waveform to 810.

FIG. 56 shows the driving waveforms applied to the scanning lines 8109 and the signal electrodes 8110 shown in FIG. 81, the combined waveforms applied to the pixels 8111 and the optical transmission lines. Characteristics.

1; ₃₃ and 1: ₄₃ are each 1 frame period,

And t _41, respectively selection period t _12, tt ₃₂ and t «each unselected period. Shown. ,,, T and pulse radiation are shown. * In the case of the embodiment, all are 200 ^ sec. Further, the pulse width of the write pulse switching signal is referred to as tZ4 or less, which is 1/4 of the pulse radiation, that is, 50 sec.

Peak value V I and V ₄ is 9 V, V 2 and V _s 6 V, V ₃ and V ₆ are ₁ 1 VV Ί and V ₈ are 3 V.

* In this embodiment, the pulse signal applied to the pixel is superimposed on the moving waveform to reduce the pulse radiation applied to the pixel during the non-selection period, thereby minimizing the effect on the light transmission characteristics. Coming up.

The run查罨S8 1 0 9, as shown in 5 6 5 6 1, selected斯間_{t (t, t 31. T} 41) is alternately every full L ^ one arm, a first V BALS the write pulse Setsuri substitution tut signal to an V s and V ₂ as the selected waveform is superimposed negative ^ the positive order and the second selecting waveform, and the write pulse Setsuri place on one V _s Heavy signal () Tatami been Bals positive, is applied to the negative頫, unselected period閱_{_{_{t 12 (t 22, t 32}}} , t 4 2) is 0 V is applied.

As shown in Fig. 56, the signal compress 811 has an ON waveform as shown in Fig. 56, and after 0 V and V ₇ are applied alternately by two at t Z4 pulse radiation. However, two 1 V ₈ and 0 V are alternately applied at the same pulse width. A pulse having a phase opposite to that of the ON waveform is applied as the OFF waveform.

At this time, as shown in Figure 56, the composite waveform applied to pixel 811 1 is 1 V when it is on in the frame where the first selection waveform is applied to the scan electrode.

6 pulses and some one V ₇ is superimposed on _{(V 2 + V 8) =} V, is applied, in the case of off-one V ₆ one ^ V ₈ pulses and are superimposed (V, - V 7 ) = V 2 is applied. In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied,

A pulse in which V ₇ is partially superimposed on V 3 and (1 V ₄ + V 8) = — V 5 are applied. When off, a pulse in which V ₈ is partially superimposed on V ₃ and (1 V ₅ -V 7)

= — V 4 is applied.

During the non-selection period, 0 V, V ₇ and 1 V ₈ are applied with a pulse width of t Z4.

* In the example, V ₃ applied at the beginning of the selection period or one V _e

7 or ± V ₈ are superimposed on the saturation value, so that the pixel is always turned on or off, and the next pulse applied with a polarity opposite to that of the first pulse is applied to the saturation value. The on / off state is selected depending on whether it is above or smaller than the threshold value, depending on whether the on / off state is inverted or kept as it is. In the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the positive pulse and the negative pulse; (V6 + V7X2-V,) = (V6-V8 / 2-V2 ) In other words, in the frame where one 3.5 V is applied but the second selected waveform is applied, (V ₃ -V 7/2-V 5) = (V 3 + V 8 / "2-V 4 ) +3.5 V, which cancel each other out, that is, the voltage applied to the pixel every two frames in this embodiment as well. _(5Q) The average value of the _{luz is} set to zero to prevent the deterioration of the liquid crystal element. The light transmission characteristics of the pixel 8111 are shown in Fig. 56 and Fig. 564.

Further, in the present embodiment, the force with the pulse width of the pulse superimposed on the drive waveform set to tZ4 is not limited to this. The pulse radiation may be further reduced to increase the number of superimposed pulses. Example 20

Fig. 57 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the embodiment *. Fig. 81 applies the drive waveform generated by this circuit to the liquid crystal element. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a driving circuit for the present invention. 57 1 is a frame signal, 57 2 is a flap switching signal, 573 is a write pulse switching signal. And V

1, - V 2 - V 3 , - V 6, - V 7, - switching the voltage V 8, make a selection waveform 5 74 scan electrodes, one V _3, - voltage Setsuri substitution example the scanning of V 6 Make a non-selective waveform of the fence 5 7 5 Also, cut off the voltage of — V 2, — V ₃ ,-V 4, — V 5, — VG, — V 7 to create ON waveform 5 7 6 and OFF waveform 5 7 7 of the signal cable. FIG. 8 shows a timing chart of these signal waveforms. These signal waveforms are applied to the drive circuit shown in FIG. 81 to create dynamic waveforms to be applied to the traveling flute and the signal electrodes. That is, the selected waveform 5 7 4 is set to 8101 and 8102, the unselected waveform 5755 is set to 8103, the on waveform 576 is set to 8105, and the off waveform 577 is set to 81. 04 respectively.

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 1 21 denotes scanning fence data, which is transferred to the scanning plant shift register 1 15 by a scanning flock shift clock 120, and is scanned once. A transition signal is output one by one, and the transmis- sion gate 1111 is switched to apply the scanning plant drive waveform to 8107. Also 1 1 7 _(5J) , and feeds it to the signal electrode side register 114 by the signal electrode shift clock 118, and latches the data for one scan electrode. The signal is connected to the latch circuit 1 16 by the signal 1 19. The output of the latch circuit 1 16 is used to switch the transmission switch ₃ 11 After switching, the ON waveform 5776 and the B OFF waveform 577 7 are switched, and the signal power K dynamic waveform is applied to 8106.

Fig. 59 shows the driving waveform applied to the scanning line S810 and the signal pole 8110 shown in Fig. 81, and the combined waveform and light applied to the pixel 8111. Shows transmission characteristics.

t 13, t 23> 1 ^ 33 and 1; _43, respectively one frame period t "> t 21, t 31 10 and t _4, respectively selected phase Lee t _12, t _22, t ₃₂ and t ₄₂ shows the non-selection period, respectively also _{t "> t | 5> t} 24 t 25, t 34, t 35 1;... 44 and 1; ₄₅ indicates a BALS width, in the case of * example, either Is also 200 it sec. The pulse width (hereinafter referred to as tZ4) of the write pulse switching signal is 14 of the pulse radiation, that is, 50 fisec.

s Peak value V, is 0 V, V 2 is 2 V> V a is 4 V, V 4 is 6 V, V ₅ is 8 V, V ₆ is 10 V, V ₇ is 12 V, V ₈ is At 12 V, Vm indicates the intermediate potential of the pulse applied to the signal electrode, which is 7 V in this case.

The difference from the embodiment 19 is that the voltage level of the scanning electrode and the signal electrode is made common in order to reduce the compressibility applied to the scanning electrode. The ON and OFF waveforms are selected. It changed according to

The scanning electrodes 8 1 0 9, the Yo La shown in 5 9 5 9 1, selection period _{t (t 2i, t 31,} t 4 |;) are alternately every frame, the first pulse write pulse switching signal to one V beta and single V ₃ is superimposed with the selected waveform, as the second selecting waveform, V, and single v ₇畲can lump pulse switching signal is superimposed on the B pulse is applied with the non-selection period _{_{t | 2 (t 22, t}} 32, t 42) one V ₃ and one V _e is applied to one V ₃ .—V e, or to one V e, —V ₃ . Signal to the Den槿8 1 1 0, as shown in 5 9 5 9 2, in the frame of the first signal is applied to one V ₃ and one V 4 to the ON waveform t Z4 After alternately applying two pulses with the same pulse width, two pulses of V 7 and one V ₆ are alternately applied with the same pulse width, and as the off waveform, one V ₃ and one V of the same pulse width are applied. after V 4 is applied by two alternately - V 6 and single V _s is applied by two alternately in the same pulse width. In the frame to which the second selection waveform is applied, a pulse having a phase opposite to that of the above-described off waveform is applied as an on waveform, and a pulse having a phase opposite to that of the above on waveform is applied as an off waveform. .

At this time, as shown in Fig. 593, the composite waveform applied to 811 1 in the case where the first selected waveform is applied to the scanning fence is turned on ( -V 8 + V 3) with a part (V ₂ — V 3) superimposed on it and (one V ₃ + V 7) =

When (− V 2 + VG) is applied and turned off (− V 8 + V 4), a portion (V ₃ —

A pulse in which V 4) is heavy and (one V ₃ + V 6) = (− 2 + V 5) are applied. In the frame to which the second selection waveform is applied, when the switch is on (V |

+ VG) and (-V ₆ + V 3) = (-V 7 + V 4) with a part of (V _s -V 6) superimposed on it and off (V, + V 7) (Vs-V7) and (-Vs + V2) = (-V7 + V3) are applied.

Non-selection period _{is, 0 V, (- V e} + V 7) and (- V 3 + V ₂₎ is applied with a pulse width of t / 4.

* The composite waveform applied to the pixel according to the driving method of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 19, and the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied has a positive pulse. The difference from the negative pulse is (V ₈ -V 2/2-V 3/2-V _e + V ₂ ) = (V 8-V 3/2-V 4/2-V 5 + V 2) 3 V, second selected waveform The applied _{frame, (V 6/2 + V} 7/2 + V 3 - V 7) = (V 5 /

2 + V 6/2 + V 4-V 7) That is, they are offset by +3 V, and the average value becomes zero every two frames. Fig. 594 shows the optical characteristics of the light source 811.

In the embodiments described so far, the respective voltage levels are set in accordance with the threshold characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal TDOB AM BCC. However, of course, the present invention is not limited to this. The voltage level may be set to an appropriate value according to the threshold characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal used.

Example 2 1

FIGS. 82 (a) and (b) are diagrams showing the relationship between the waveform of the applied compressive pulse and the light transmission characteristics. The threshold voltage and saturation value voltage of the strongly electrophoretic liquid crystal are determined by the pulse width. As mentioned earlier, we found that it also changes with the applied pulse. 'That is, when a pulse having the waveform shown in Fig. 82 (b) 821 is applied as shown by the solid line in Fig. 82 (a) 824, the positive and negative thresholds are V! ; ! ! ,as well as ! ; ! And the saturation values are V sat "and V sat, however, when a pulse as shown in Fig. 82 (b) 822 is applied, positive and negative values are obtained as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 82 (a) 825. threshold V th ₂₁ and V th ₂₂ saturation value and V sat _2l and V th _22, 82 1 of the waveform by Rize' pair value magnitude rather Li when applying, the waveform as shown in 82 3 the application of a pulse, positive as indicated by a one-dot chain line in 82 6, the negative threshold V th, and V th _2, the saturation value V sat, and V sat 2 absolute value is rather small.

In particular, since 1: 1 _{1 21} :> ¥ 3 &1; _{| 1} and | 1; 11 ₂₂ |〉 | ¥ 8 &1; _{2 |} |, the saturation value is obtained when a pulse with a waveform of 82 1 is applied. Even when the voltage level is as described above, the liquid crystal element does not respond when a pulse having a waveform of 822 is applied, because the voltage is smaller than the threshold value. Therefore, response and non-response are controlled at the same voltage level. C. Φ: The embodiment is an ffi-moving method utilizing the threshold characteristics of such a ferroelectric liquid crystal.

FIG. 60 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the embodiment of _t : *. FIG. 81 is a block diagram showing the drive waveform produced by this circuit in a liquid crystal element. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a dynamic circuit for applying. 6 0 1 frame signal, 6 0 2 is槿性Setsuri substitution tut signals, these signals Nyori, preparative lance Mi Tsu Shi _a Nge over sheet 1 1 1 by Sui etching V,, V a, — Reset the voltage of V 3, −V 4, and create the running waveform selection waveform 604. In addition, the voltage of tJ 0 V, V 5, and —V 5 is switched by the polarity switching signal 60 2 and the clock pulse 60 3 to turn on the signal waveform ON waveform 605 and OFF waveform 6. Make 0 6. FIG. 61 shows a timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the drive circuit shown in FIG. 81 to generate drive waveforms to be applied to the scan electrodes and the signal electrodes. That is, the selected waveform 6104 is set to 8101 and 8102, the non-transition waveform is set to 0V to 8103, the ON waveform is set to 8105, and the OFF waveform is set to 8105. A 6 is applied to each of 8 I 04.

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 121 denotes scanning flute data, which is transferred to the scanning contact side shift register 115 by the scanning electrode shift clock 120, and is sequentially scanned one scanning plant at a time. The selection signal is {± intensified} to switch the transmis- sion sig- nal 111, and the scanning waveform is applied to 8107. Reference numeral 117 denotes signal contact data, which is transferred to the signal shift register 114 by the signal shift clock 118, and data for one scanning cell is transferred. Then, the latch signal 1 19 is connected to the latch circuit 1 16. The on-waveform 605 and the off-waveform 606 are switched, and the signal voltage drive waveform is applied to 810.

In Fig. 62, the scan 8109 and the signal S8110 shown in Fig. 81 are marked. The JS waveform applied and the composite waveform applied to pixel 811 and the light transmission characteristics are shown.

.. t, 3 t 23 1 ; 33 and 1: _43, respectively one frame period t _n, t _2l, t

31 and t _{4 |.} Each selection period, t _12, t 22 t ₃₂ and t ₄₂ represent, respectively, the non-selection択期閱. The _{t, 4, t 24, t} 34 \ and t _44, the pulse width of a pulse applied to the first half of each selection _{_{period, t 15, t 25, t}} 35, and t _4S are their respective select period Indicates the pulse radiation of the pulse applied in the latter half of {circle around (2)}. Further t ₀ indicates the _{_{t 15 (t 25, t 35}} , t 45) 1 Bruno second pulse width.

The wave values V, -V5 are set so as to satisfy the following conditions.

V i = V ₄ 〉 V sati, IV sat 2 I

V ₅ <V thi. | V th ₂ I

V, = (V ₂ + V ₅ ) = CV ₃ + V ₅ )

V th ₂₁ > (V 2 + V s)> V sat

I V t h 22 I> (V 3 + V 5)> I V s a t, 2 I

The查電S 8 1 0 9 run, 6 2 6 2 selected period b is as shown in 1 first selection択波type and to one V ₄ and V ₂ is negative, the positive order, second selection waveform and to V ^及beauty one V ₃ positive, negative sequence, are alternately applied to every frame, the non-selection period 0 V is applied.

If you want to turn on the signal pole 811, as shown in Fig. 62, 2 t is 2 t. The pulse width t after 0 V is applied for a period of. Of V ₅ and single V ₅ is positive, is applied to the negative顢, V ₅ and single V _s of the pulse width t ₀ after If you want to off period 0 V in the same Ku 2-to is applied is negative, Applied in positive order.

At this time, the composite waveform applied to pixel 811 1 is the same as that shown in Fig. 62, when the first selected waveform is applied to the scan electrodes, ,,

(56)

— After V 4 is applied, when the pulse with the peak value of t _{0 in} the first half is (V ₂ — V 5) and the peak _value of t ₀ in the second half is (V ₂ + V 5) is applied and the pulse is off The same is true for the first half of t after V ₄ is applied. A pulse having a peak value of (V ₂ + V 5) and a peak value of t 0 in the latter half of (V ₂ −V ₅ ) is applied. On the other hand, when the second selective waveform is applied, when the first ON is applied, after the first ON, the peak value of t 0 in the first half is (one V ₃ — V ₅ ) and the peak value of t 0 in the second half is A pulse with a peak value of (1 V ₃ + V 5) is applied. When the pulse is off, V t is applied first, and then the peak value of t _{0 in} the first half is (1 V ₃ + V s). Then, the pulse whose peak value of to in the latter half is (one V ₃ — V 5) is applied. During the non-selection period, soil 5 having 0 V and pulse width t ₀ is applied.

In this embodiment, the Yo La shown in 82 Figure (a) and (b), the pulse applied to the second half of the selection period t及Pi t ₂₁ is not less than the saturation value, t ₃₁ and t _4l Although the pulse applied in the latter half of the waveform has the same peak value, it has a smaller value than the threshold value because the waveform is different. As a result, the driving method of the embodiment also sets the on or off state by the pulse applied at the beginning of the selection period, which is equal to or more than the positive or negative saturation value, and then changes the state by the inverted pulse applied next. You can select on or off by selecting whether to invert or keep as it is.

In the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, the difference between the peak values of the positive pulse and the negative pulse is (V ₂ + V 5) X 2 + (V ₂ -V ₅ ) / 2—V 4 = V 2 — V 4, (1 V ₃ — V 5) κ 2 +

(−V 3 + V 5) / 2 + V 1 = VJ−V ₃ , and are mutually offset because VI = V ₄ and V 2 = V ₃ . That is, the average value of the voltage pulses applied to the pixels in two frames is zero even in the non-embodiment, and the deterioration of the liquid crystal element can be prevented. FIG. 62 shows the light transmission characteristics of the pixel 811. Example 2 2

The drive method using the threshold value characteristics of the ferroelectric liquid crystal as shown in FIGS. 82 (a) and (b) is also used in the non-example.

FIG. 63 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the present embodiment, and FIG. 81 is a block diagram for applying the drive waveform generated by this circuit to a liquid crystal element. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a drive circuit. 6 3 1 frame signal, 6 3 2 § Li in檫性switching signals, these signals Nyo Li, preparative lance Mi Tsu sheet ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1 and S w etching V,, - V a , — V 7, — V 8 voltage is switched, and the selection waveform of scanning electrode 6 3 4 is created. One V ₃ , -V 6 voltage is switched and! 0 scanning electrode non-selection waveform Make 6 3 5 Further, contact resistance switching signal 6 3 2 and click lock Roh, Riresu 6 3 3 Tonyo Li one _{V 2, - V 3, -} V 4, - V 5, - the voltage of V 6> one V 7 Switch to create ON waveform 636 and OFF waveform 637 of the signal plant. Figure 64 shows the timing chart of these signal waveforms.

These signal waveforms are applied to the driving circuit shown in Fig. 81 to create a boat motion waveform to be applied to the scanning fence and the signal iB electrode. That is, the selected waveform 6 3 4 is converted into 8 1 0 1 and

Apply the unselected waveform 6365 to 8103, the on waveform 6336 to 8105, and the off waveform 637 to 8104.

In FIG. 81, reference numeral 121 denotes scan electrode data, which is transferred to the scan compress side shift register 115 by scan electrode shift clock 120, and one scan electrode successively the door lance Mi Tsushi _a Nge sheet 1 1 1 scan I production kitchen grayed outputs a selection signal, and applies the run查電S drive waveform 8 1 0 7 by. Reference numeral 117 denotes signal electrode data, which is fed to the signal filter side shift register 114 by the signal electrode shift clock 118, and data for one scanning electrode is sent. After the transfer, it is latched to the latch circuit 1 16 by the latch signal 1 19. The output of this latch circuit 116 is switched to the 5-transistor a-gate 11 1, and the on-waveform 6 3 6 Switch the waveform 637 to apply the signal generator drive waveform to 8106. Apply to the scanning connector 8109 and signal generator 8110 shown in Fig. 65 and Fig. 81 in Fig. 65. The dynamic waveform, the composite waveform applied to the pixels 811 and the light transmission characteristics are shown.

_{_{t |. 3 t 23, t}} 33 and t ₄₃ are respectively one frame _{period, t ", t 21, t} 31 and t ₄₁ are respectively selected _{_{period, t l2 l t 22, t}} 32 and t« unselected respectively shows a period of time. also applied to the second half of t _14, t 24. t ₃₄ and t ₄₄ Bals pulse congestion t 15 is to be marked pressure in the first half of each selection period, t 25 t ₃₅ and t _4S respectively遘択period * In the case of the embodiment, the pulse width is equal to each other, and t ₀ is the pulse width of 1 Z2 of the above t (t ₂ 5.t 35, t 45;). Is shown.

The difference from the actual example 21 is that in order to lower the voltage applied to the scanning generator, the voltage level applied to the scanning generator is shared, and the ON and OFF waveforms are changed accordingly. At the point changed according to the selected waveform *

Peak value V, set to Minatoashi the following conditions ~V _e and Vmi.

V r = 0

(V, + V _G )> V sat,

(V ₈ — V ₃ )> IV sata I

(V 7 — V 6) = (V 4 + V s) <V th,

(V ₆ — V ₅ ) = (V ₃ — V ₂ ) <| V th ₂ I

V t h 2i> (V 7 —V 2)> V s a t n

| V th ₂₂ l> (V ₇ — V ₂ )> | V sat _I2 |

(V m- V a) = ( V 7 - V m)

The scanning electron planting 8 1 0 9, as shown in 6 5 6 5 1, selection period half an V _e as a selection waveform of the丄second half is one V _2, and the second selecting waveform In the first half, V, is applied in the second half, and one V ₇ is applied. In the non-selection period, one V _G and one V ₃ are applied to one V ₆ — V 3 or V ₃ , — V 6 are applied in that order.

As shown in Fig. 652, in the signal electrode 811 10, as shown in Fig. 652, in the frame to which the first selected waveform is applied, one V3 is first set as the ON waveform, and then the pulse width t0 One V 5 and one V 7 are applied in the order of −V ₅ , one V ₇ , and as an off waveform, after I; <— V 3, one V? And — V 5. In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, 1 v _e is applied as the ON waveform, and 1 V ₄ and 1 V _{2 with} pulse width t 0 are applied in the order of −V ₂ and — V 4 in the latter half. is, after the same Ku one V ₆ as an off waveform, one V _4, - is applied in the order of V 2.

At this time, as shown in Fig. 65, the composite waveform applied to the pixel 8111 is the first waveform when the first selected waveform is applied to the scanning electrode. -V ₈ + V 3) is applied, the peak value of to in the first half is (1 V ₂ + V ₅ ) and t in the second half. When a pulse with a peak value of (1 V ₂ + V 7) is applied and the pulse is off, first (1 V ₈ + V 3) is applied, and then the peak value of to in the first half is ( One V ₂ + V 7), and a pulse with a peak value of t ₀ in the latter half of (1 V ₂ + V 5) is applied. In the frame to which the second selected waveform is applied, when (V, + V 6) is applied first when it is on, the peak value of t _{0 in} the first half is (one V ₇ + V

2) In the second half, a pulse with a peak value of t ₀ of (1 V ₇ + V 4) is applied. In the case of off, a pulse of (V! + V ₆ ) is applied as well, peak value pulse is the peak value of the second half of to in (one V 7 + V 4) is (one V ₇ + V 2) is applied. 0 V, (1 V _e + V 7) and (1 V _e + V 5) are applied during the non-selection period.

The synthesized waveform according to the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of the embodiment 21 and can be selectively turned on and off in the same manner. In addition, the average value of the voltage pulse applied to the pixel every two frames is obtained. Becomes zero. FIG. 65 shows the light transmission characteristics of the pixel 8111. Example 2 3

* The embodiment is also a K-movement method using the threshold characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystal as shown in FIGS. 82 (a) and (b).

FIG. 66 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform in the actual example. Reference numeral 661 denotes a frame signal, and 662 denotes a polarity switching signal. Further, reference numeral 666 denotes a delayed signal 666 of the frame signal 661, and reference numeral 665 denotes an inverted signal of the contact release signal 662. These signals Nyori, the door lance mission-cane Ngeto 1 1 1 to Sui _{etching, V t, V 2, -} V 3, - instead Setsuri the voltage V 4 and 6 6 6 odd-number scan Den槿The selection waveform and the 670 even-numbered running voltage selection waveform are created. In addition, the transmission gate 11 1 is switched by the clock pulse 1 I 1, and the voltage of V _s , -V 5 is switched to switch the ON waveform 66 8 of the signal plant and the signal. The electrode off waveform 6 6 9 is being made. Fig. 67 shows the timing chart of these waveforms. Fig. 66 Input the signal of 66, 66, 66, 66, 69 to the drive circuit of Fig. 81, 6610 is 8101, and 667 is 81. 2 and 6688 are connected to 8105, 669 to 811, and 8103 to 0V. Fig. 8 1 12 1 shows the scanning fence data, which is transferred to the scanning implanting side shift register 115 by the 120 shift clock, and the selection signal is sequentially output one scanning line at a time. With this selection signal, the 1111 transmission gate is switched to produce an 817 odd scan electrode S waveform and an 8108 even scan electrode waveform. Fig. 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 7 で罨罨罨によってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってによってLatched in the latch circuit of 116 by the latch signal of 119. The transmission circuit of 111 is switched by the tfi force of this latch circuit, and the signal of 8104 and 8105 is switched to change the signal contact waveform of 8106. Making 8 1 0 7, 8 1 0 8 .8 1 6 6 Waveform The synthesized waveforms are shown in the timing charts of 681, 682, 683, and 684 in FIG. The driving conditions of this driving waveform are as follows.

(V, + V 5)> V sa 21 (V 2 + V 5) V sa t 1 I

(V 2 + V 5) <V th 21 V V> I V s a 12

— V a — V V t h 22 V V V s a 22

V 5 <V h one V <I V t h

V = I — V V = I — V

1 I t, e = t 1 7

! O About 8 1 pixel 8 1 1 1 illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal element, an erase pulse between the first 6 8 Fig t ₀₄ is applied immediately before the odd frame, I one V ₄ - V 5

Apply a compress pulse of I> IV sat ₂₂ I to erase the memory state in front of the liquid crystal element and turn it off, and apply an odd-numbered frame during t H to the signal electrode. Select whether the combined waveform with the scan electrode waveform & is the waveform shown in Figure 21 or the waveform shown in Figure 22 depending on whether the waveform to be applied is the ON waveform or the OFF waveform. The liquid crystal element is turned on when the waveform is indicated by 821, and remains off when the waveform is indicated by 8221. Their to, non-selection period t _| between ₂ Do V ₅ small absolute value Ri by the threshold voltage, -罨圧of V 5 only than not applied to the liquid crystal element, a state written during t [pi Hold. Also, while data is being written to the liquid crystal 0 element during the selection period tn, at the same time, an erase pulse is applied to the next selected liquid crystal element as indicated by 682, and the previous memory Is being erased. Next, looking at the even-numbered frame, the erase pulse t "is applied to the even frame immediately before, a reverse polarity pulse as in the odd frame immediately preceding _{t 04 (V, + V 5} )> is turned on and off TIP Lee state before 5 of the liquid crystal element by applying a voltage pulse V sat _21, in the selection period between t _21, the signal electric椽 Depending on whether the applied waveform is an ON waveform or an OFF waveform, whether the composite waveform with the scanning electrode waveform is the waveform indicated by 8 21 or 8 22 in FIG. The liquid crystal element is turned off if the waveform is indicated by 8221, and remains on if the waveform is indicated by 8221. Then, during the non-selection period t ₂₂ ho, to hold the state of being written to have the same a t _2I and when the odd frames. Further, when writing data to the liquid crystal element during the selection period t _21, at the same time the next liquid crystal element to be selected, the pre-erase pulse is applied to by La indicated by 6 8 2 memory state Has been erased. As described above, the selection period can be halved by applying an erasing pulse to the next selected liquid crystal element as well as writing data to the liquid crystal element. In this embodiment, the erasing pulse is applied immediately before the selection of the liquid crystal element. However, it is not necessary to issue the erasing pulse immediately before the selection period W. May be applied.

Example 2 4

* The embodiment is also a driving method using the threshold characteristics of ferroelectric liquid crystal as shown in Fig. 82 (a) and (b).

FIG. 69 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform in the embodiment, where 691 is a frame signal and 692 is a polarity switching signal. The 6 9 1, 6 9 2 preparative lance Mi Tsu Shi ₃ by a signal Nge sheet 1 1 1 and sweep rate Tsu quenching _{t V,, - V 2,} - V 7, - V 8, - V 3, - instead switching Li a voltage of V _beta are making odd scan Den槿selecting waveform 6 9 4 and the even Hashi查electrode waveform 6 9 5 and run查電棰oFF signal 6 9 6. In addition, the signals of 691 and 692 and the clock valve 693 are used to control the transmis- sion. Gate 1 1 1 is switched to switch the voltage of —V 2, —V 4, —V 5, —V 7 to create the signal electrode ON waveform 697 and the signal electrode OFF waveform 698 . The timing chart of these waveforms is shown in FIG. Fig. 70 Input each waveform of 694, 695, 696, 697, 698 to the drive circuit of Fig. 81, and 694 is 8101 and 6 9 5 is 8 102, 6 96 is 8 103, 6 97 is 8 105, and 6 98 is 8 105. FIG. 8 1 FIG. 11 1, 11 8, 11 9, 12 0, 12 1 By the respective signals, the same operation as in the embodiment 23 is performed. The odd-numbered scan electrode waveform, the 712 even scan electrode contact waveform, and the 713 signal electrode waveform are created and applied to the liquid crystal element. The composite waveform is shown in 714. The driving condition of this drive waveform is as follows.

V, = 0

— V s + V ₂ I> IV sat 22

(− V 2 + V 7)> Vsat t

(− V 2 + V 7) <V th 2!

(V, + V 7)> V s at 2,

— V 7 + V V s a t 12

I— V 7 + V 2 I <I V t h 22 I

(-V 2 + V 3) <V t h,

I— V 4 + V 3 I <I V th 2 I

(-V 2 + V 3) = (-V 5 + V β)

(-V 4 + V 3) = (-V 7 + V G)

(-V 2 + V m) = (-V m + V 7)

14 = t

t 16 = t 17

(V 8 -V 3) = (V 6 -V,)

(V ₆ -V ₂ ) = (V ₇ -V ₃ )

FIG. 8 1 The operation of the liquid crystal element for the pixel of FIG. _(B4) t erase Bals that between ₀₄ is applied immediately before the odd frame, 7 1 1 run查罨planting waveform and 7 1 3 always I one signal conductive槿波shaped synthetic罨圧of V ₈ + V ₂ I> IV sat ₂₂ I compress pulse applied to erase the memory state in front of the liquid crystal element to turn it off, and tu is applied to the Yamago electrode during the odd frame selection period Selects whether the combined voltage with the scanning and S waveforms is the waveform indicated by 821 or 8222 in Fig. 82, depending on whether the output waveform is the ON waveform or the OFF waveform. However, if the shape is represented by 8221, the liquid crystal element is turned on, and if the waveform is represented by 8221, the liquid crystal element remains off. During the non-selection period, the scanning waveform S 711 is a composite waveform of the signal voltage waveform of 7 13 and the voltage of 1 V ₃ and 1 V ₆ alternately applied, and As shown by, only the voltage whose absolute value is smaller than the threshold voltage is always applied to the liquid crystal element, so that the written state is maintained during t _n . Also, while data is being written to the liquid crystal element during the selection period t H, the scanning electric plant waveform indicated by 7 12 is applied to the next selected liquid crystal element at the same time, so that t ₀₄ and t ₀₄ _During the period between _14, a reverse-geometry erasing pulse is applied to erase the previous memory state and turn it on. Next, looking at the number frame L ^ 1, the erase pulse during the immediately preceding t ₁₄ is a pulse of the opposite polarity to that at t ₀₄ immediately before the odd frame, and (V, + V 7) > V sat _{2 |} applying a voltage pulse is turned on妆態erase the previous memory state of the liquid crystal element, in the selection period between t _21, the waveform applied to the signal conductive contact O Select the waveform indicated by 821 or 822 in Fig. 8 2 depending on whether the waveform is the scan waveform or the off waveform, and indicated by 821 If the waveform is a waveform, the liquid crystal element is turned off, and if the waveform is indicated by 822, the liquid crystal element is kept on. Then, the non-selection period, holds the written state between t ₂₁ similar to the odd frames. Further> When the selected Period t ₂₁ is writing data to the liquid crystal element, at the same time, then ho liquid crystal element is selected, 7 1 for 2 run indicated by查電槿波form is applied, t An erase pulse having a polarity opposite to that during _l4 is applied, and the previous memory state is erased and the memory is turned off. As described above, at the same time as writing data to the liquid crystal element, an erasing pulse is applied to the liquid crystal element selected next, and the odd-numbered liquid crystal element and the even-numbered liquid crystal element Since the polarity of the applied erase pulse and that of the selection pulse are opposite to each other, the selection period can be reduced to half the conventional period. It is also a driving method that can reduce the voltage applied to the scanning flute. In this embodiment, the erasing pulse is applied immediately before selecting the liquid crystal element. However, the erasing pulse does not need to be issued immediately before the selection period, and the erasing pulse is applied some time before the selection period. You may.

Example 2 5

FIG. 72 is a block diagram showing a driving circuit for realizing a driving waveform in the present embodiment. 721 is a frame signal, and 822 is a clock signal. This 72 1, 7 2 2 signals by preparative lance Mi Tsu, down ₃ Nge sheet 1 1 1 and S w Tsu switch ing a, V,, V _2, - switching of V 4 voltage - V 3, Scan electrode selection waveform 7 25 Also, V _5, - by switching the voltage of V ₅ are making signal Den毪on waveform 7 2 6 and the signal electric S-off waveform 7 2 7. Fig. 73 shows the timing chart of these waveforms. Figure 7 3 Input the signals of 7 2 5, 7 2 6 and 7 2 7 to the drive circuit of Figure 8 1, and 7 2 5 is 8 10 1 and 8 10 2 and 8 2 6 is Connect 8105, 7277 to 8104, and 8103 to 0V. Fig. 8 1 Fig. 12 1 is the scan electrode data, which is transferred to the scan line S shift register 115 by shift clock 120 and> sequentially outputs signals one scan line at a time. You. With this selection signal, the transmission mission gate 111 is switched to generate an 8107 scanning waveform. Fig. 81 Figure 17 shows data on the signal electrode side, which is shifted by the shift clock 118 to the signal plant side shift register 1.

4 and when one scan line of data is transferred, the Latch circuit 1 16 With this latch force, the 1111 transmission gate is switched and the 8110 and 811 signals are switched to form the 8106 signal electrode waveform. ing. The waveforms of 807 and 816 and their combined waveforms are shown in the timing charts of 74 囟 741, 742, and 743. The driving conditions of this driving waveform are as follows.

V I> V s a t 1

(V ₂ + V ₅ )> V sat,

CV ₂ -V 5) <V t,

V 3 — V 5 I> I V s a t

V 3 + V> I V t h

— V V s a t

V = I— v

V = I— V

V 5 <V t h i

I— ₅ | <| V t ₂ I

t ⁼ | 5 = t 16

About 8 1 pixel 8 1 1 1 illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal element, between the first 7 4 FIG t _n is a selectable period of odd frames. between t ₁₄ is erased BALS, the liquid crystal element is turned off is erased before the memory one-state high voltage pulse of the absolute value is applied from the negative saturation voltage. Their to, during t ₁₅ in the write pulse, if the signal electrode waveform is on waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element is re liquid crystal element, such as a positive saturation current on pressure or is turned on, the signal electrode waveform If is an off waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element becomes equal to or lower than the positive threshold voltage, and the liquid crystal element remains off. Then, the voltage applied to the scan electrode during t16 is 0 V. The non-selection period t is Do V ₅ small absolute value than the threshold voltage, single V ₅ _(Since only the voltage of _{6? Is} applied to the liquid crystal element, the state written in t _IS is maintained.

Next, looking at the selection period of the even frame, the case of t ₂ , the selection period, the erasing pulse during t ₂₄ , and the positive voltage of the reverse connection voltage at the time of the odd frame When a voltage pulse higher than the saturation voltage is applied, the liquid crystal element is turned on. Their to, during t ₂₅ is not write BALS, if the signal electrode waveform is on waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element, the Li, liquid crystal elements, such absolute value is rather smaller than the negative threshold voltage erase If the signal contact waveform remains off and the signal contact waveform is the off waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element is applied with a voltage pulse whose absolute value is larger than the negative saturation voltage. Is turned off. Their, the voltage of indicia pressurized run查霄棰to between t _2S is a 0 V.

Further, ¾ of the non-selection period t ₂₂ holds the state of being written to闐similar a t _2S in the case of an odd frame. With such a boat motion, the pulse width of the voltage pulse applied during the non-selection period is always constant at the width of t ", and the contrast becomes uniform.

Example 2 6

Fig. 75 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the drive waveform in the * embodiment. 751 is a frame signal, and 752 is a clock signal. This 7 5 1, 7 5 by 2 signals the door lance Mi Tsu sheet s Nge sheet 1 1 1 S w Tsu switch ring to 'V,, - V 2, - V 3, - V e, - V The scan electrode selection waveform 7 55 is created by switching the voltage of 7 and — V 8, and the scan electrode non-selection waveform 7 56 is created by switching the voltages of -V a and -V 6. In addition, the voltage of one V ₂ , -V ₃ , -V ₄ , one V _ft .-V _G , -V 7 is switched to create a signal dragon pole on waveform 757 and a signal electrode off waveform 758. . Fig. 76 shows the timing chart of these waveforms. Fig. 76 Fig. 75 5, 7 56. 7 5 5 is 8 1 0 1, 8 1 0 2, 7 5 6 is 8 10 3, 7 5 7 is 8 10 5 and 7 5 8 is 8 10 4 and each other. Then, the same operation as that of the embodiment 25 is performed by the signals of FIG. 8 1 1 1 7> 1 1 8, 1 1 1 9, 1 2 0, 1 2 1, and FIG. A scan electrode waveform and a 7772 signal electrode waveform were applied to the liquid crystal element, and the composite waveform is shown in 773. The following shows the fluctuating conditions of this drive waveform.

V, = 0

\ — V 8 + V ₃ |> | V sat ₂ I

(− V 2 + V 5) <V th,

C— V ₂ + V ₇ )> V sat,

C V, + V 6)> V s at,

I—V 7 + V a Γ> I V s a t 2 I

J— V ₇ + V ₃ l <| V th ₂ I

(— V ₂ + V ₃ ) <V th,

I one V ₄ + V ₃ | ingredients | V th ₂ |

C— V 2 + V 3) = C— V 5 + V 6)

(-V 4 + V 3) = (-V 7 + V 6)

(-V 2 + V m) = (-V m + V 7)

14 = t 15 = L | 6

(V 8 — V ₃ ) = (Ve — V,)

(V _G -V ₂ ) = (V ₇ -V ₃ )

About 8 1 pixel 8 1 1 1 illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal element, there, in the erase pulses between t ₁₄ in the selection period of the odd frame between 7 7 FIG tu, negative saturation voltage When a voltage pulse with a larger absolute value is applied, the liquid crystal element is erased from the previous state of the memory and is turned off. And, during t, the write pulse is _{(6 g) If the} signal voltage waveform is an ON waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element is equal to or higher than the positive saturation voltage, and the liquid crystal element is turned on and the signal electrode waveform is turned off. However, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element becomes lower than the positive threshold voltage, and the liquid crystal element remains off. Their, the voltage applied to scan electrodes during the t ₁₆ is as one V _3. Also, the non-selection period t _12, the scan waveform 7 7 1 one V _3, - voltage V 6 is applied alternately in the synthesized waveform of the 7 7 2, always the I la indicated by 7 7 3 Since only a voltage whose absolute value is smaller than the threshold voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element, the state between t and 5 is maintained. Then, the even looking at the frame, between択期between t ₂₁ is heritage, § Li in erase Bals between t _24, a voltage pulse of opposite polarity positive or saturation voltage than when the odd frame The liquid crystal element is turned on by being applied. Their to, among t ₂₅ write Barca, if the signal ¾ ¾ waveform on the waveform, the voltage, negative threshold voltage by Li absolute value smaller rather re applied to the liquid crystal element, the liquid crystal The device remains in the on state as it is erased, and the signal compressing waveform is turned off. If the waveform is a waveform, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal device is a voltage pulse whose absolute value is larger than the negative saturation voltage. The liquid crystal element is turned off. Their, the voltage applied to scan electrodes during the t ₂₆ is as one v _6. Further, during the non-selection period t ₂₂ holds the state of between 1 _2S Like the odd frames.

In the case of such a driving, the synthesized waveform applied to the liquid crystal element is described in the embodiment.

Same as 25, but a driving method that can lower the voltage applied to the scanning electrodes.

Example 2 7

Figure 83 shows the effect of maintaining the memory state by the AC bias. V is the voltage applied to the liquid crystal element, and I indicates the transmission state of the liquid crystal element. When the voltage of V, is applied to the liquid crystal element, the state of I, is applied, and then the applied voltage is set to 0 V, the memory of the liquid crystal element gradually deteriorates from the state of II, and is indicated by a dotted line. Memory one can go down to sea urchin I _5. However, they come to be held in the I ₃ to improve the memory one of the poor by applying an AC bias. FIG. 78 is a block diagram showing a specific circuit for realizing the driving waveform of the * embodiment using the effect of the AC bias. Reference numeral 781 denotes a frame signal, and reference numeral 782 denotes a vegetative cutting stream signal. This 7 8 1, 7 8 2 signal, the door lance Mi Tsu Shi s Nge one sheet 1 1 1 to Sui _{etching, V 2 k V 3 - V} 4, - instead Setsuri the voltage V 5 The scanning hail selection waveform 7 8 4 is made, and the signal of 7 8 3 produces V! , Are making查電桎非selection waveform 7 8 5 run instead Setsuri the voltage of one V _6. In addition, the signal voltage on waveform 786 and the signal power off waveform 787 are created by switching the voltages of V7 and -V8. The timing chart for these waveforms is shown in Figure 79. Fig. 79 Input the signals of 7 8 4, 7 8 5, 7 & 6 and 7 8 7 to the driving circuit of Fig. 8 1, and 7 8 4 is 8 10 1, 8 10 2 and 7 8 5 is connected to 8 10 3, 7 8 6 is connected to 8 10 5 and 7 8 7 is connected to 8 10 4. Fig. 8I Fig. 12 1 shows the scanning data, which is sent to the scanning register 1 15 by the shift clock 120 and the selection signal is sequentially sent one scanning signal at a time. The transmission signal 1111 is switched by this selection signal to create an 8107 driving waveform. Fig. 8 1 Fig. 117 shows signal S data, which is transferred to the signal electrode shift register 114 by shift clock 118, and when data for one scanning line is transferred. Latch signal 1 19 latches into latch circuit 1 16, and the output of this latch switches transmission gate 1 1 1 1, and 8 1 4 4 The 810 signal is switched to create the 810 signal electrode waveform. The timing charts of the waveforms of 8107 and 8106 and the composite waveform of this waveform are shown in Nos. 81 囡 801, 802, and 803. The driving conditions of this waveform are as follows.

I, I = I-V 6 1 IV 7 I = I—V 8 I

I— V 5 + V 7 I> I Vsat 2 I

(V ₃ + V ₈ ) = V sat,

(V ₃ -V ₇ ) <V thi

5 (V ₂ -V ₇ )> V sat,

I— V 4 + V 8 I <I V t h 2 I

(— V ₄ — V ₇ )> l V sat ₂ I

V 7 <V t h,

I— V ₈ | <| V th ₂ I

> 0 IV ₂ I = I-V 5 I

IV ₃ I = I -V 4 I

t! 4 ⁼ t 15

About 8 1 pixel 8 1 1 1 illustrating the operation of the liquid crystal element during the first 8 0 Figure t is the selection period of the odd frame, the negative and the erase pulse 5 during t ₁₄ in this period A voltage pulse whose absolute value is larger than the saturation voltage is applied, and the previous memory state is erased and turned off. Their to, if signal electrode waveform is on waveform between t ₁₅ write pulses are applied in positive saturation voltage or voltage pulse to the liquid crystal element in the liquid crystal element turned on and a Li, signal Den桎If the waveform is an off waveform, a voltage pulse lower than the positive threshold voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element, and the liquid crystal element remains in the off state 0. Their to, during t ₁₂ being in the non-selection period, applying a high frequency alternating By A scan. The frequency and voltage of this high-frequency AC bias are the frequency and voltage at the very limit that liquid crystal molecules can respond, and the frequency is several KHz to several Ι Ο ΚΗ ζ The voltage is several 10 V . The AC bias in the non-selection period improves the memory properties of the liquid crystal element and retains data. Next, looking at the even-numbered frames, B shows that during t ₂₁ is the selection period, and during t ₂₄ during this period is the erase pulse, and the odd period _{(? z)} A compressing pulse having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the frame and less than the positive voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal element is turned on. If the signal pulse at t ₂₅ is a write pulse and the signal waveform is an ON waveform, a voltage pulse having an absolute value smaller than the negative threshold voltage is applied to the liquid crystal element, and the liquid crystal element is turned on. If the signal waveform is off, the liquid crystal element is applied with a voltage pulse having a larger absolute value than the negative saturation voltage, and the liquid crystal element is turned off. During the non-selection period, the memory state is maintained by the high-frequency AC bias as in the case of the odd frame. In yet _t above embodiment described the driving method in the binary display, it can also be driven in the same way for the tone Display, waveform information about to be applied to the run查罨planting, the above examples The voltage to be applied to the signal voltage S is changed by the data in gradation, and the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal element during the write pulse t _1Slt ₂₅ is changed from the threshold voltage to the saturation voltage. Just change it. Also, gradation display can be performed by changing the pulse width of the signal contact waveform according to the gradation data.

Claims

Scope of the request Liquid crystal for remultiplex driving a liquid crystal element holding a ferroelectric liquid crystal between a substrate having a scanning electrode group and a substrate having a signal electrode group by line-sequential scanning. In the method of driving a device, a selection signal and a non-selection signal are applied to the scan electrode group, and the signal ¾ group has an average potential equal to the middle potential of a voltage pulse applied to the signal hail group. By applying equal voltage pulses, the ferroelectric liquid crystal is turned on or off during the first half of the selection period or during the non-selection period. Apply at least one voltage pulse equal to or more than the saturation value to align in the predetermined S column direction for either state, and in the second half of the selection period or the selection period after the non-selection period It is characterized by applying a voltage pulse to select ON or OFF state. ShikaTsutomu method of the liquid crystal element that.

The ferroelectric liquid crystal has a peak value greater than the saturation value and a pulse width within the selection period, and reduces the number of positive and negative voltage pulses having the same peak value and pulse width mutually. Are applied one by one to select the on or off state according to the application order of the positive and negative voltage pulses, and have a peak value and a pulse width smaller than the threshold value during the non-selection period. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a voltage pulse having an average value of zero is applied.

It is characterized by applying a high-frequency AC pulse having a pulse value and a pulse radiation smaller than the threshold value during the non-selection period and having a pulse width smaller than the voltage pulse applied during the selection period. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:

The ferroelectric liquid crystal has a positive or negative contact voltage pulse or a peak value in which the peak value and the pulse width are equal to or greater than the saturation value within the selection period and the absolute value and the pulse width of the peak value are equal to each other. And the pulse width is smaller than the threshold and WO 90/07725 ₍₇₄₎ PCT / JP86 Touch 396 Apply at least one positive and negative positive voltage pulse with the same absolute value and pulse width as the value of the selected period in the non-selected period H. A voltage pulse having a positive and negative contact with a peak value and a pulse width equal to the saturation value ^ and equal to each other in absolute value and pulse width immediately before 1 paragraph

Method of perpetuating the liquid crystal element described in 5.

5. After the application of the first voltage pulse whose peak value and pulse width are at least the saturation value within the selection period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal, the first voltage pulse and the pulse width are equal. A second voltage pulse having a reverse peak voltage to the first voltage pulse in which the absolute value of the peak value differs by a predetermined value is applied, and the peak value and the pulse width within the non-selection period are lower than the threshold. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a voltage pulse having a smaller value and an average value equal to the difference between the peak values of the first voltage pulse and the second voltage pulse is applied. .

6. The pulse voltage during which the pulse radiation is applied during the non-selection period is smaller than the voltage pulse applied during the selection period and the average value is the peak value of the first voltage pulse and the second voltage pulse.

Claim 5 characterized in that a high-frequency AC pulse equal to the difference of 5 is applied.

Item 6. The method for driving a liquid crystal element according to item 5.

7. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal, a first voltage pulse having positive and negative polarities with a peak value and a pulse width that are at least equal to a saturation value within a selection period is alternately arranged every one frame period. After the application of the first voltage pulse, a second voltage pulse having the same flute height as that of the first voltage pulse and having an absolute value of the peak value smaller by a predetermined value is applied to the second voltage pulse. The first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a voltage pulse is applied alternately every one frame period, and a voltage pulse in which the peak value and the pulse radiation are smaller than the threshold value and the average value is zero during the non-selection period is applied. The method of the liquid crystal element according to the item.

8. The peak value and pulse emission are smaller than the threshold value and the pulse width is earlier than the threshold value during the non-selection period.

25 High-frequency AC pulse smaller than the voltage pulse applied during the selection period is applied 8. The method for driving a liquid crystal element according to claim 7, wherein the method is characterized in that:

9. In the ferroelectric liquid crystal, a first voltage pulse of positive and negative polarities whose crest value and pulse width are equal to or greater than the saturation value immediately before the selection period in the non-selection period is applied every frame period. A second voltage pulse having an equal contact width and a smaller absolute value of the peak value by a predetermined value due to the reverse contact with the first voltage pulse applied immediately before during the selection period. 2. The method for driving a liquid crystal element according to claim 1, wherein the voltage is alternately applied to one frame cycle: and.

10. Selecting whether to keep or invert the ON or OFF state selected by the first voltage pulse according to the peak value or waveform of the second voltage pulse 10. The K-movement method for a liquid crystal element according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein: