WO1990004164A1 - Appareil d'analyse permettant d'identifier les agents anesthesiants et d'en detecter la contamination - Google Patents
Appareil d'analyse permettant d'identifier les agents anesthesiants et d'en detecter la contamination Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1990004164A1 WO1990004164A1 PCT/US1989/004389 US8904389W WO9004164A1 WO 1990004164 A1 WO1990004164 A1 WO 1990004164A1 US 8904389 W US8904389 W US 8904389W WO 9004164 A1 WO9004164 A1 WO 9004164A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- filters
- sample cell
- predetermined
- gases
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 137
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(Cl)C(F)(F)F PIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960000305 enflurane Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N enflurane Chemical compound FC(F)OC(F)(F)C(F)Cl JPGQOUSTVILISH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229960003132 halothane Drugs 0.000 claims description 17
- BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N halothane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Br BCQZXOMGPXTTIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229960002725 isoflurane Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 62
- 229940084362 forane Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036642 wellbeing Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3504—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing gases, e.g. multi-gas analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N2021/3129—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light
- G01N2021/3133—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light with selection of wavelengths before the sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N2021/3129—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light
- G01N2021/3137—Determining multicomponents by multiwavelength light with selection of wavelengths after the sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N2021/3166—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths using separate detectors and filters
Definitions
- gas analyzer uses the radiation absorption characteristics of gases in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- infrared gas analyzers are known in the art. They typically utilize an infrared source and one or more filters to produce and direct infrared radiation through an unknown gas mixture contained in a sample cell. The absorption effect of the gases on the radiation is detected and electrical signals are produced and analyzed to determine the identities and/or concentrations of the gases in the gas mixture.
- the absorption bands of the anesthetizing agents forane, ethrane, and halothane strongly overlap one another and have similarly shaped absorption curves.
- Halothane also is very weakly absorbing and thus difficult to measure.
- concentrations of these agents in typical anesthetizing dosages is very low (5% for forane and ethrane and .8% for halothane) , making them even more difficult to measure.
- Figure 2 illustrates the transmission curves versus wavenumber of ethrane, forane, halothane and three filters utilized in an embodiment of the present invention.
- a chopper for producing a square wave AC signal between source 11 and sample cell 21.
- there are three detectors one for each gas of interest. Disposed between sample cell 21 and the three detectors is a holder for the three filters. Each of the three detectors has a filter in front of its receiving end.
- Filters 210, 220, and 230 are chosen for discriminability sufficient to distinguish among the gases, for sensitivity to allow measurement of concentrations of the gases to a precision sufficient for identification, and because they are relatively inexpensive. Such filters are available from, among others, Barr Associates of Massachusetts.
- the filters utilized in one embodiment of the present invention have the following specifications (in wavenumber units) at the operating temperatures of the filters in the analyzer:
- the filters have these specifications (in wavenumber units) again at the operating temperatures of the filters in the analyzer:
- inhaled and exhaled gases from a patient are supplied to sample cell 21 through tubes 23 and 18 respectively.
- Source 11 emits infrared radiation in the wavelength region of interest, which radiation passes through the filters in filter wheel 17 which is rotated to successively interpose the desired filter in the radiation beam by means of control signals from signal processor 24.
- the transmitted radiation is detected by detector 15 which converts the measured transmission into electrical signals for processing by signal processor 24.
- Various operating conditions sensed by appropriate sensing devices are applied to signal processor 24. For example, ambient temperature and oxygen are sensed by ambient temperature sensor 47 and 0 2 sensor 49 respectively and fed into signal processor 24 for inclusion in the data stream if desired.
- the appropriate one of the set of three filters is interposed by filter holder 17 and the concentration of that agent is determined by a microprocessor-based table look-up procedure of concentration versus transmission. This is done by outboard computer 57 which then continuously reports the concentration of that identified agent in approximately 14 msec intervals. This information is then transmitted along with the identity of the agent in the gas and the calculated concentration of that agent to host computer 59 which reports the data for display.
- gas analyzer 10 is calibrated at the factory to determine the absorption coefficients for the particular gases of interest.
- three binary gases each consisting of one of the agent gases (forane, ethrane, or halothane) and a carrier gas (usually nitrogen) are passed through sample cell 21.
- Each filter in filter holder 17 is interposed successively and the absorption (transmission) of each of the agent gas/filter combinations is measured.
- the following known procedure is utilized with the understanding that other numbers of agents and filters could be used without departing from the scope of this invention.
- T-LJ exp(-k i jCj) (2)
- ci is known because a known concentration of each agent gas is successively run through sample cell 21, ⁇ is measured by gas analyzer 10 in the manner described above, and equation (2) is used to calculate k ⁇ , the absorption coefficents for each combination of agent gas and filter. The absorption coefficients are stored in outboard computer 57 for use in the subsequent concentration calculations.
- equation (5) The set of equations represented by equation (5) can be expressed using matrix algebra as
- Ecjuation (6) can be solved using the inverse matrix K -l to yield the concentrations c, namely
- the procedure described above is a first order approximation.
- a better approximation is produced using a set of three filters and a reference filter which produces negligible interference.
- the transmissivities of the four filters may be represented using Beer's Law and mathematical curve-fitting techniques for experimental concentration/transmission data, all of which techniques are well known.
- a set of four non-linear equations may be produced. These may be solved using a suitable algorithm incorporated in outboard computer 57 of the present invention for the gas concentrations c f , c e , and c h , and the non-interfered reference transmission T re f.
- the algorithm may incorporate Newton's method of numerical solution, as is known in the art.
- XTJ dc_j the maximum error of the calculated concentration of gas j .
- the errors represented by dc_-_ j form the detection thresholds for each gas.
- the errors are different for each analyzer, depending on many different factors contributing to variations in analyzer performance.
- the identification software of the present invention computes (c_-; - dc_A for each gas and then implements the following decision logic:
- Decision (a) means that measured and then calculated concentrations which are less than the maximum errors represented by dc_ ⁇ are not sufficiently large for a determination.
- Decision (b) indicates the presence of a single, significantly different from zero, concentration which serves to identify the agent.
- the analyzer identifies the presence of an agent, its status is changed from "no agent identified” to "agent identified”. The analyzer then reports out the agent's concentration after calculations, as described above, are done automatically.
- Contamination decision (c) operates as follows: If only one anesthetizing agent is being used and the derived concentrations of two or more agents are larger than the assigned measurement uncertainty, this indicates that there is contamination. If the agent is uncontaminated, then two of the three concentrations derived will be close to zero. Because of the relatively low concentrations of anesthetizing agents typically used (5% for forane and ethrane) 8% for halothane, any agent contaminant will likely be at very low levels.
- Any other substances having absorption bands in the wavelength region covered by the present invention may be detected as a contaminant providing the concentration is above the detection threshold.
- a contaminant in the wavelength region of the anesthetizing agent in use will also be detected in the form of greater than expected concentrations of that agent.
Abstract
Appareil d'analyse de gaz permettant de mesurer la transmission de radiation infrarouge à travers un mélange gazeux, de déterminer les concentrations en gaz du mélange, d'identifier l'un des gaz, de rendre compte de la concentration du gaz identifié et de détecter la contamination dudit gaz. L'appareil d'analyse de gaz comprend une cellule échantillon (21) contenant le mélange de gaz, une source de radiation infrarouge (11), une série de filtres choisis de manière spécifique, une unité de traitement des signaux (24) et un microprocesseur (59) qui calcule les concentrations en gaz et effectue les opérations logiques pour identifier un gaz et en détecter la contamination. Dans un mode de réalisation, une roue de filtre (17) tient les filtres entre la source et la celule échantillon, et un seul détecteur est placé en aval de la cellule échantillon. Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, un interrupteur périodique produit un signal alternatif à partir de la source de radiation infrarouge et chacun des trois détecteurs a un filtre placé en face d'eux. Dans un autre mode de réalisation, l'appareil d'analyse mesure, calcule et rend compte des concentrations de trois agents anesthésiants.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22506488A | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | |
| US225,064 | 1988-10-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1990004164A1 true WO1990004164A1 (fr) | 1990-04-19 |
Family
ID=22843376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1989/004389 WO1990004164A1 (fr) | 1988-10-07 | 1989-10-03 | Appareil d'analyse permettant d'identifier les agents anesthesiants et d'en detecter la contamination |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4511389A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2000305A1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL91946A0 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1990004164A1 (fr) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991003727A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-21 | Nellcor Incorporated | Analyseur de gaz anesthesiants et mode d'emploi |
| EP0563974A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-06 | Erich Jaeger GmbH | Procédé et appareil pour mesurer la pression partielle des composants différents d'un mélange de gaz |
| US5272907A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1993-12-28 | Instrumentarium Corporation | Method for the identification of gases |
| US5296706A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-03-22 | Critikon, Inc. | Shutterless mainstream discriminating anesthetic agent analyzer |
| EP0651245A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Procédé et dispositif de délivrance d'une fluide, utilisant un capteur infrarouge dans la conduite d'alimentation |
| EP0732580A2 (fr) * | 1995-03-13 | 1996-09-18 | Ohmeda Inc. | Dispositif pour l'identification automatique des prélèvements de gaz |
| GB2324868A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-04 | Sun Electric Uk Ltd | Identification of refrigerant fluids |
| DE10316514A1 (de) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-02-05 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Vorrichtung zur IR-spektrometrischen Analyse eines festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Mediums |
| US7582873B2 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2009-09-01 | Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting the type of anesthetic gas |
| WO2011026613A3 (fr) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-07-14 | Abb Ag | Procédé et dispositif d'enregistrement et d'évaluation des processus du métabolisme |
| DE102022116682A1 (de) | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-11 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Photo-Ionisations-Detektor (PID) mit mehreren Messzellen und Verfahren unter Verwendung eines solchen PIDs |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU682892B2 (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1997-10-23 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A method and apparatus for determining the concentration of a component present in a fluid stream in dispersed form |
| US5521703A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-05-28 | Albion Instruments, Inc. | Diode laser pumped Raman gas analysis system with reflective hollow tube gas cell |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4510389A (en) * | 1981-10-17 | 1985-04-09 | Fuji Electric Company, Ltd. | Infrared film thickness gage |
| US4692621A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-09-08 | Andros Anlayzers Incorporated | Digital anesthetic agent analyzer |
-
1989
- 1989-10-03 WO PCT/US1989/004389 patent/WO1990004164A1/fr unknown
- 1989-10-03 AU AU45113/89A patent/AU4511389A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-06 CA CA002000305A patent/CA2000305A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-11 IL IL91946A patent/IL91946A0/xx unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4510389A (en) * | 1981-10-17 | 1985-04-09 | Fuji Electric Company, Ltd. | Infrared film thickness gage |
| US4692621A (en) * | 1985-10-11 | 1987-09-08 | Andros Anlayzers Incorporated | Digital anesthetic agent analyzer |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991003727A1 (fr) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-03-21 | Nellcor Incorporated | Analyseur de gaz anesthesiants et mode d'emploi |
| US5046018A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-09-03 | Nellcor, Inc. | Agent gas analyzer and method of use |
| US5272907A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1993-12-28 | Instrumentarium Corporation | Method for the identification of gases |
| EP0563974A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-01 | 1993-10-06 | Erich Jaeger GmbH | Procédé et appareil pour mesurer la pression partielle des composants différents d'un mélange de gaz |
| US5296706A (en) * | 1992-12-02 | 1994-03-22 | Critikon, Inc. | Shutterless mainstream discriminating anesthetic agent analyzer |
| EP0651245A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-03 | International Business Machines Corporation | Procédé et dispositif de délivrance d'une fluide, utilisant un capteur infrarouge dans la conduite d'alimentation |
| US5492718A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-02-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fluid delivery apparatus and method having an infrared feedline sensor |
| US5534066A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1996-07-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Fluid delivery apparatus having an infrared feedline sensor |
| EP0732580A2 (fr) * | 1995-03-13 | 1996-09-18 | Ohmeda Inc. | Dispositif pour l'identification automatique des prélèvements de gaz |
| EP0732580A3 (fr) * | 1995-03-13 | 1997-01-29 | Ohmeda Inc | Dispositif pour l'identification automatique des prélèvements de gaz |
| GB2324868A (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 1998-11-04 | Sun Electric Uk Ltd | Identification of refrigerant fluids |
| GB2324868B (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 2001-11-21 | Sun Electric Uk Ltd | Method and apparatus for matching refrigerants |
| DE10316514A1 (de) * | 2002-07-24 | 2004-02-05 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG | Vorrichtung zur IR-spektrometrischen Analyse eines festen, flüssigen oder gasförmigen Mediums |
| US7582873B2 (en) | 2005-06-10 | 2009-09-01 | Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for detecting the type of anesthetic gas |
| CN1877304B (zh) * | 2005-06-10 | 2010-04-28 | 深圳迈瑞生物医疗电子股份有限公司 | 单种麻醉气体类型编码识别的方法和装置 |
| WO2011026613A3 (fr) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-07-14 | Abb Ag | Procédé et dispositif d'enregistrement et d'évaluation des processus du métabolisme |
| DE102022116682A1 (de) | 2022-07-05 | 2024-01-11 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Photo-Ionisations-Detektor (PID) mit mehreren Messzellen und Verfahren unter Verwendung eines solchen PIDs |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4511389A (en) | 1990-05-01 |
| CA2000305A1 (fr) | 1990-04-07 |
| IL91946A0 (en) | 1990-06-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4914719A (en) | Multiple component gas analyzer | |
| US5282473A (en) | Sidestream infrared gas analyzer requiring small sample volumes | |
| US7063667B1 (en) | Isotopic gas analyzer | |
| US5296706A (en) | Shutterless mainstream discriminating anesthetic agent analyzer | |
| US7192782B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for determining marker gas concentration in exhaled breath using an internal calibrating gas | |
| US5130544A (en) | Optical gas analyzer | |
| FI97643B (fi) | Kahta aallonpituutta käyttävä hengityskaasun pitoisuuden mittauslaite | |
| US5932877A (en) | High performance side stream infrared gas analyzer | |
| CA2019571C (fr) | Methode et appareil pour l'analyse des gaz | |
| US4083367A (en) | Method and apparatus for pulmonary function analysis | |
| EP2909329B1 (fr) | Methodes de detection infections bacteriennes | |
| WO1990004164A1 (fr) | Appareil d'analyse permettant d'identifier les agents anesthesiants et d'en detecter la contamination | |
| CA1333849C (fr) | Analyseur de gaxz multicanal et methode d'utilisation de cet analyseur | |
| US20040267151A1 (en) | Measuring head for a gas analyser | |
| Raemer et al. | Accuracy of end-tidal carbon dioxide tension analyzers | |
| US20070220951A1 (en) | Method and Apparatus for Detecting the Type of Anesthetic Gas | |
| US5559333A (en) | Apparatus of non-dispersive infrared analyzer | |
| EP0703444A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif pour l'analyse infrarouge d'un gaz | |
| Van Wagenen et al. | Dedicated monitoring of anesthetic and respiratory gases by Raman scattering | |
| US5739535A (en) | Optical gas analyzer | |
| US7582873B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for detecting the type of anesthetic gas | |
| US5272907A (en) | Method for the identification of gases | |
| EP2932262A1 (fr) | Détermination de la localisation d'une charge bactérienne dans les poumons | |
| US6072577A (en) | Noble gas detection and determination | |
| US5965887A (en) | Method and apparatus for monitoring maintenance of calibration condition in respiratory gas spectrometer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BR DK FI JP NO |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LU NL SE |