WO1990003538A1 - Enceinte de confinement dynamique - Google Patents

Enceinte de confinement dynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990003538A1
WO1990003538A1 PCT/US1989/003905 US8903905W WO9003538A1 WO 1990003538 A1 WO1990003538 A1 WO 1990003538A1 US 8903905 W US8903905 W US 8903905W WO 9003538 A1 WO9003538 A1 WO 9003538A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
region
gas
containment
cylindrical
dynamic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1989/003905
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Wilhelm J. Reindl
Kenneth J. Reid
Original Assignee
Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Regents Of The University Of Minnesota filed Critical Regents Of The University Of Minnesota
Publication of WO1990003538A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990003538A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/0015—Whirl chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/02—Disposition of air supply not passing through burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to dynamic containment vessels and, in particular, to the maintenance of a stable vortical motion which defines such vessel.
  • the present invention may be employed as a combustor.
  • Magnetic bottles for the confinement of charged particles are well known.
  • the present invention provides an analogue to a magnetic bottle for the containment of a fluid flow and any entrained particles.
  • the present invention has particular application to combustors and will be described with reference thereto.
  • Vortical flows within combustors are known to the prior art.
  • such combustors establish a swirling movement within a combustion chamber as by a tangential injection of fuel and entraining gas into the chamber. This swirling motion is often augmented by the tangential injection of gas into the combustion chamber at various locations along the length of the combustion chamber.
  • Such combustors are generally referred to as cyclone combustors, an example of which is shown in U.S. patent No. 3,777,678, issued December 11, 1973, for CYCLONIC TYPE FUEL BURNER.
  • the present invention provides a dynamic containment vessel defined by a stable fluid recirculation within a generally cylindrical containment region.
  • the dynamic vessel is maintained by fluid momentum through the establishment of superposed line and ring vortices within the containment region.
  • Line vortices are basically vortices created by potential flow fields.
  • Line vortices are tornados or hurricanes. Gases and material particles are drawn into this dynamic structure predominantly at the "bottom” and ejected at the "top.” Ring vortices, on the other hand, are commonly best known from smoke rings. These structures seem to be even more stable. Once generated they will decay very slowly— ainly through frictional losses with the surrounding environment—and can rise to great heights without decay. Line and ring vortices can be represented mathematically through their vorticity vectors as vector fields which are perpendicular to each other.
  • Each line vortex is represented by a vorticity vector pointing in the direction of the vortex axis and each ring vortex can be viewed as composed of an infinite number of infinitesimally short line vortices whose centers are located on a ring. Therefore their respective vectors form a vector field in the form of a ring.
  • the present invention provides a combustor in which a vortical flow is established without significant wall interaction.
  • the material of the combustion chamber wall is less critical than in prior art cyclonic type combustors.
  • the present invention allows a containment of the combustion to a combustion region without wall interaction such that the combustion chamber can be dispensed with, if desired. Any particles, such as fuel or other constituents to be acted upon, are introduced into the containment region and entrained in the gas flow for circulation therewith within the containment region.
  • the superposed vortices are established by recirculation with gas injection nozzles being positioned at one end of the containment vessel and oriented to inject gas into the containment region with a momentum having a tangential component as well as a component parallel to the longitudinal axis of the containment region.
  • Discharge from the containment vessel is along the longitudinal axis of the containment region, at the one end thereof.
  • the nozzles described above are positioned at the perimeter of the containment vessel.
  • the inlet (other end) end of the containment vessel is spaced from the discharge end along the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical containment region.
  • Recirculation at the inlet end of the containment vessel may be established by injection nozzles having a tangential component only or, alternatively, through the use of a physical wall and/or an axial gas blower whose discharge has a rotation corresponding to the tangential component of the gas injected at the discharge end of the containment region.
  • a physical wall and/or an axial gas blower whose discharge has a rotation corresponding to the tangential component of the gas injected at the discharge end of the containment region.
  • Particles introduced into the containment region are drawn into the fluid flow and entrained within that fluid flow.
  • fuels introduced into the containment region, and ignited therein, will remain in the containment region until they are reduced to a preselected size.
  • Particles introduced into the fluid flow will be drawn into the gas flow to act on each other, as by grinding, again until they are reduced to a preselected size.
  • the size of the containment vessel and other operating parameters, such as pressure, flow rates, etc., may be acted upon to optimize them for the particular application.
  • FIG 1 illustrates the concept of the present invention and, diagrammatically, apparatus by which the present invention may be practiced.
  • Figure 2 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to that illustrated in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a particular configuration by which the present invention may be practiced and also illustrates the staging of multiple containment vessels in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a dynamic containment vessel defined by a stable fluid recirculation within a generally cylindrical containment region.
  • the dynamic vessel is maintained by fluid momentum resulting from the superposition of at least two vortices—a ring vortex and a line vortex.
  • ring vortex and “line vortex” are described above and will be further understood from the discussion below.
  • the dashed rectangle 10 is a containment region within which the superposed vortices of the present invention are established.
  • the vortices are established by gas injection nozzles 11, whose discharges are illustrated by the arrows 12, and gas injection nozzles 13 whose discharges are illustrated by the arrows 14.
  • the containment region 10 is generally cylindrical having a longitudinal axis 15.
  • Each of the nozzles 11 and 13 are positioned at the perimeter of the containment region 10 with the nozzles 11 being and oriented to inject gas into the containment region 10 with a momentum having a component tangential to the containment region and a component parallel to the longitudinal axis 15 of the containment region.
  • This is illustrated in the enlarged view of Figure 1 wherein one of the nozzles 11 and its discharge 12 are illustrated, with the arrow 16 representing the "longitudinal" component of the discharge 14 and the arrow 17 representing the "tangential" component of the discharge 14 of the nozzle 11.
  • the nozzles 13 have a tangential component only.
  • the flow pattern established by the combined effects of the nozzles 11 and 13 may be viewed as a stable recirculation flow within the generally cylindrical containment region 10 and as being formed by superposed line and ring vortices within the containment region 10.
  • the ring vortices are illustrated by the closed flow paths 20 whose arrows indicate the direction of circulation. Essentially, these ring vortices are formed by the components of the discharge of the nozzles 11 parallel to the longitudinal axis 15 of the containment region 10 (See arrow 16) and the "wall" formed by the discharge of the nozzles 13.
  • Figure 2 further illustrates the tangential component of the nozzles 11 and their relation to the containment region 10.
  • four nozzles 11 are shown positioned at the periphery of the containment region 10.
  • the number of nozzles, and their position around the periphery of the containment region 10, is variable depending on the application and the conditions within the containment region 10 it is desired to maintain.
  • the "angle" of the nozzles 11, by which their relative components 16 and 17 are determined, are dependent upon the relative sizes of the ring and line vortices and the particular application and are within the skill of one ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • the discharges 12 and 14 from the nozzles are dependent upon the relative sizes of the ring and line vortices and the particular application and are within the skill of one ordinarily skilled in the art.
  • a GAS SUPPLY AND CONTROL 22 serving to establish the size of the containment region 10 by establishing the relative dimensions of the vortices 20 and 21 for a given "angle" of the nozzles 11. It is within the scope of the present invention to superpose additional vortices on the ring vortex 20 and line vortex 21 within the constraint that the resulting flow pattern be a stable gas recirculation flow pattern confined to a containment region such as the cylindrical region 10 illustrated in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the nozzles 11 and 13 described above can, under the control of GAS SUPPLY AND CONTROL 22, establish a "free-standing" dynamic containment vessel having the characteristics described above.
  • free-standing it is meant that the vessel is independent of any surrounding housing or chamber in a manner analogous to a magnetic bottle for charged particles.
  • Such a vessel, and any vessel established and maintained in accordance with the present invention may be employed for various processing operations—as a "grinder” or as a "polisher” or as a co bustor, for example. Indeed, any application requiring the containment of a fluid with or without entrained particles, may be accomplished in accordance with the present invention.
  • the particles to be ground are introduced into the containment region 10 where they are drawn into the recirculating flow pattern. There is no "skin effect," thus rendering the introduction of particles relatively easy.
  • the particles are retained within the flow pattern (i.e. they remain entrained) until such time as the flow is overloaded at which time the smaller particles (those reduced sufficiently to allow them to "escape") are drawn into the exhaust and from the vessel along the direction of the arrow 22.
  • Combustion works in a similar manner. That is, fuel may be introduced as particles or a gas to be drawn into the flow and retained within the flow until combustion is sufficiently complete such that reduced particles are discharged. Proper regulation of the control 22 will allow fuel to remain within the flow until combustion is essentially complete.
  • Particles may be introduced in any desirable way, an example of which is discussed more fully below. Gases may be introduced via the nozzles while liquids to be entrained may be introduced after first being gasified. Of course, a liquid vessel may be established in which case the liquid is introduced via nozzles.
  • the bold arrow 25 in Figure 1 represents a blower in general alignment with the axis 15 of the containment region 10.
  • the blower which may be supplied by the supply 22, has a swirling or rotational aspect to its output as represented by the arrow 26, the direction of rotation of the output of the blower 25 corresponding to the rotational direction of the line vortex 21.
  • Fuel (or any other particulate material) may be entrained within the output of the blower 25 to be carried within the containment region 10 as represented by the box 27 in Figure 1.
  • An alternative to fuel/particulate introduction is discussed below with reference to Figure 3.
  • the blower 25 allows an elimination of the nozzles 13, assuming its output is sufficient to establish the flow dynamics contributed to by the nozzles 13.
  • the blower 25 is positioned within a backwall 28, the back pressure established by the wall 28 serving to establish and maintain the ring vortices 20 in a manner which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the containment region 10 be spaced from the wall 28 to minimize impingement on the wall 28 of any particles entrained within the containment vessel and to isolate the wall 28 from the heat of any combustion within the vessel.
  • Suitable adjustment of the flow through the nozzles 11 as well as the nozzles 13 and blower 25, when employed, allows a movement of the containment region (and the containment vessel located therein) relative to the wall 28 as well as providing a modification in the configuration of the ring vortex 20 and the line vortex 21 relative to each other.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention in a multiple stage application as well as modifications thereto.
  • a vortex tube 30 is provided within which the containment region 10 (see Figure l) is at least partially located and which serves as a shield as well as a supporting structure for the nozzles 11 and 13.
  • An entrainment chamber 31 is formed around one end (the inlet end) of the vortex tube 30, the entrainment chamber 31 having a rear wall 28 corresponding to that of Figure 1.
  • a blower 25 is provided within the wall 28 while a valve 32 is provided for the removal of slag and other material that gathers within the entrainment chamber 31.
  • Fuel for combustion or particulate material for grinding, for example
  • the elements of like reference numeral correspond directly to those of the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the embodiment of Figure 3 has a flow established through the nozzles 11 which, in conjunction with the backwall 28, establishes a containment vessel at least partially within the tube 30 and which typically extends from the vortex tube 30 toward and nearly to the wall 28.
  • Air flow from the blower 25 may be employed to cause the containment region (and the containment vessel within it) to move from the entrainment chamber to be more fully positioned within the vortex tube.
  • the nozzles 13 may be employed to confine the containment region to the vortex tube, at least on one end thereof. Again, the position of " the containment region and vessel relative to the vortex tube is established by the flow characteristics through the nozzles 11 and 13 as well as the blower 25.
  • particulate material may be introduced via the inlet tube 32 to the entrainment chamber 31. Discharge from the blower 25 will entrain the particulate material and carry it into the vortex tube wherein it will be drawn into the flow established by the superposed vortices defining the containment vessel. Entrained particulate material will interact within the containment vessel until it is reduced. When the containment vessel is sufficiently “loaded” by the addition of particulate material, the smaller particles (the size being dependent on flow characteristics and loading) will be expelled or discharged as indicated at the arrow 35.
  • This discharge may be employed in a manner analogous to the output of the blower 25 for a second stage formed of a vortex tube 30 and nozzles 11 at the discharge of the second (rightmost in Figure 3) vortex tube 30.
  • a second stage containment vessel is provided which will accept any particles within the discharge from the first containment vessel and further reduce them, if desired.
  • Such staging may be particularly useful for the "burning" of toxic wastes to totally eliminate them by combustion.
  • Figure 3 also illustrates, in an enlarged view, a further modification in the form of gas injectors that form the vortex tube 30. These injectors 36 may be angled in a manner corresponding to the nozzles 11 to augment the flow patterns established by the nozzles 11 as well as to provide a cushion of gas between the containment region/containment vessel and the vortex tube 30.
  • injectors 36 may be employed, as desired. While the nozzles 11 are believed necessary in all applications, one or more of the nozzles 13, backwall 28 and blower 25 may be employed to maintain the superposed vortices described herein. Particle processing may take any desired form and multiple stages may be employed, dependent upon the desired final characteristics of the discharge. It is therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Abstract

Enceinte de confinement dynamique définie par une remise en circulation liquide stable à l'intérieur d'une région de confinement généralement cylindrique (10). La dynamique dans l'enceinte est entrenue par une énergie cinétique du fluide que créent une structure superposée de tourbillons linéaires (21) et de tourbillons circulaires (20) dans la région de confinement (10). Les particules entraînées dans l'enceinte de confinement y sont retenues jusqu'à ce qu'elles soient réduites à une taille prédéterminée pour être ensuite évacuées le long de l'axe (15) de l'enceinte. Des injecteurs de liquide (11, 13) sont placés au moins à l'extrémité de sortie de l'enceinte, dans le périmètre de la région de confinement (10), et sont orientés de sorte à injecter du gaz dans la région de confinement (10) avec une énergie cinétique ayant une composante tangentielle à la région de confinement cylindrique et une composante parallèle à l'axe longitudinal de la région de confinement cylindrique. Les particules entraînées peuvent être un combustible, auquel cas l'enceinte de confinement peut servir de chambre de combustion.
PCT/US1989/003905 1988-09-19 1989-09-08 Enceinte de confinement dynamique WO1990003538A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US24608588A 1988-09-19 1988-09-19
US246,085 1988-09-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990003538A1 true WO1990003538A1 (fr) 1990-04-05

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ID=22929271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1989/003905 WO1990003538A1 (fr) 1988-09-19 1989-09-08 Enceinte de confinement dynamique

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EP (1) EP0434737A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO1990003538A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0866268A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur stabilisé par vortex et brûleur mettant en oeuvre le procédé
WO2002092222A2 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-21 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. Systeme microfluidique permettant la manipulation et la concentration de particules en suspension dans un liquide

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4120640A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-10-17 Infern-O-Therm Corporation Burner for liquid fuel
US4507075A (en) * 1982-12-15 1985-03-26 Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Combustion device
US4569295A (en) * 1983-01-18 1986-02-11 Stubinen Utveckling Ab Process and a means for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, turf or the like, in pulverized form
US4584948A (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-04-29 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Combustors
US4715301A (en) * 1986-03-24 1987-12-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Low excess air tangential firing system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4120640A (en) * 1977-02-18 1978-10-17 Infern-O-Therm Corporation Burner for liquid fuel
US4507075A (en) * 1982-12-15 1985-03-26 Gewerkschaft Sophia-Jacoba Combustion device
US4569295A (en) * 1983-01-18 1986-02-11 Stubinen Utveckling Ab Process and a means for burning solid fuels, preferably coal, turf or the like, in pulverized form
US4584948A (en) * 1983-12-23 1986-04-29 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Combustors
US4715301A (en) * 1986-03-24 1987-12-29 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Low excess air tangential firing system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0434737A4 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0866268A1 (fr) * 1997-03-18 1998-09-23 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur stabilisé par vortex et brûleur mettant en oeuvre le procédé
US5961313A (en) * 1997-03-18 1999-10-05 Abb Research Ltd. Method of operating a swirl stabilized burner and burner for carrying out the method
WO2002092222A2 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-21 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique S.A. Systeme microfluidique permettant la manipulation et la concentration de particules en suspension dans un liquide
WO2002092222A3 (fr) * 2001-05-11 2003-08-28 Suisse Electronique Microtech Systeme microfluidique permettant la manipulation et la concentration de particules en suspension dans un liquide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0434737A4 (en) 1991-08-28
EP0434737A1 (fr) 1991-07-03

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