WO1990000437A1 - Procede et dispositif de purification de gaz d'echappement - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de purification de gaz d'echappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990000437A1
WO1990000437A1 PCT/EP1989/000418 EP8900418W WO9000437A1 WO 1990000437 A1 WO1990000437 A1 WO 1990000437A1 EP 8900418 W EP8900418 W EP 8900418W WO 9000437 A1 WO9000437 A1 WO 9000437A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foam
bath
aqueous bath
exhaust gases
aqueous
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1989/000418
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Geier-Henninger
Original Assignee
Geier Henninger Kurt
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3823995A external-priority patent/DE3823995A1/de
Application filed by Geier Henninger Kurt filed Critical Geier Henninger Kurt
Priority to DE89EP8900418T priority Critical patent/DE3990796D2/de
Publication of WO1990000437A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990000437A1/fr

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D47/00Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/04Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by passing the gas or air or vapour through foam
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for cleaning exhaust gases loaded with pollutants and / or odorous substances, in particular flue gases, engine exhaust gases, exhaust air or the like.
  • the wet cleaning of pollutant-containing waste gases is usually carried out in columns with trays, packing elements or packagings in the counterflow of waste gas and washing liquid and with gradual or continuous contact of these phases, in scrubbers with nozzle or dispersion systems for the gas or liquid phase, carried out in washers with rotating internals for dividing the washing liquid into the exhaust gas stream, in bubble columns and vessel absorbers with dispersion of the exhaust gas phase in the washing liquid and in bio-washers with special internals.
  • the actual sorptive binding of harmful gases by the receiving scrubbing liquid often has to be preceded by mechanical dust removal from the exhaust gas flow. In the above-mentioned processes, it is considered advantageous that large exhaust gas flows can be treated.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing a method and an apparatus for exhaust gas purification which, with a low use of conveying energy and a wringing liquid requirement ensures effective dedusting and sorptive binding of harmful gases even with changing exhaust gas compositions.
  • the solution to this problem is based on the idea that the exhaust gases are exposed to a large phase interface of the washing liquid with the longest possible residence time.
  • this is achieved in that the exhaust gases are introduced into an aqueous bath mixed with a foaming agent, that the majority of the exhaust gases introduced into the bath are enclosed in foam bubbles as they pass through the bath surface and with the foam bubbles from the Bath surface is transported away that pollutants and odorous substances are bound sorptively on the inner surface of the bladder membrane in the course of the bubble transport and that the foam bubbles are subsequently liquefied with release of the cleaned exhaust gases and entrainment of the bound harmful substances and odorous substances and collected in this form , cleaned and / or disposed of.
  • the Schaumblase ⁇ are advantageously liquefied by bursting to form small droplets loaded with the harmful and odorous substances.
  • the liquefied foam bubbles are at least partially returned to the bath liquid, if appropriate after the removal of solids.
  • the foam bubbles transported away from the bath surface and filled with the exhaust gas advantageously form a coherent foam column.
  • the stripping effect depends on the residence time of the foam bubbles in the foam column, on the diameter distribution of the foam bubbles and on the absorption capacity of the scrubbing liquid, which can be adjusted to the type of exhaust gas, with their Additives. It has proven to be particularly advantageous if the residence time of the foam bubbles in the foam column from the formation to the liquefaction is on average about 1 to 20 seconds, preferably 3 to 10 seconds. Since the substances returned to the bath with the liquefied gas bubbles, such as C0 ?
  • the pH of the aqueous bath is expediently regulated by adding an alkali, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.
  • an alkali such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.
  • level control in the aqueous bath by adding water and tracking foaming agents is required if water and foaming agent are evaporated or carried over in the course of the process.
  • Surfactants in particular a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants, are particularly suitable as foaming agents, which ensure sufficiently stable bubble formation when the exhaust gases are introduced into the bath.
  • a water-soluble lignin derivative in particular lignin sulfonic acid (lig ⁇ inhydroge ⁇ sulfite) or lignin sulfonates, such as a calcium, magnesium, NH.- or Na salt of lignin sulfonic acid, is expediently used , added to the foaming agent or directly to the aqueous bath.
  • an aqueous concentrate of anionic and nonionic surfactants on the one hand, and the water-soluble calcium salt of lignosulfonic acid in a weight ratio of 80:20 to 30:70, preferably 50:50, in the form of a mixture or as a separate mixture
  • Proven additives in the aqueous bath 1 to 4 liters, preferably 2 liters of surfactant concentrate and 1 to 4 liters, preferably 2 liters of liquid lignosulfonate, can be used as foaming agents in a 1000 liter aqueous bath. Without the lignin sulfonate Additive would have to be added at least 10 liters of surfactant concentrate to ensure a foam formation with sufficient quantity and foam stability.
  • the liquefied foam bubbles are largely collected before hitting the foam column and bypassing the foam column into the water bath or into a separate collecting container. This prevents the droplets from the bursting foam bubbles from destroying part of the foam in the foam column and thereby forming an undesired channel through which exhaust gases could escape unhindered.
  • the hot exhaust gases are passed according to a preferred embodiment of the invention through a spray section to which water is applied before they enter the aqueous bath be initiated.
  • the spray liquid can be conducted in a circuit which is preferably fed from the aqueous bath, where it can be cleaned and temperature-controlled at a suitable point.
  • the exhaust gases can also be passed through two or more aqueous baths with foam-forming agents arranged in steps one behind the other with foam formation, the washing liquids in the various stages adapting to the existing exhaust gases different pH values can be adjusted.
  • the foam column is deflected relative to the surface normal of the water bath, preferably into a drip and / or condensation space offset to the side of the water bath.
  • the liquefied foam bubbles collected in the draining and / or condensation space can be passed into a settling basin, the liquid being drawn off or decanted from the surface of the settling basin and returned to the aqueous bath.
  • the exhaust gases are introduced into the aqueous bath under their own pressure, the aqueous bath at the same time being able to be used as an effective silencer.
  • a device which has an aqueous bath mixed with a foaming agent, into which an exhaust pipe charged with the exhaust gases on the inlet side and with outlet openings opening into the aqueous bath, which further immerses one above the surface of the Aqueous bath arranged space for receiving a foam column composed of a plurality of foam bubbles formed during the passage of the exhaust gases introduced into the aqueous bath and which also has a receptacle for receiving the pollutants laden with liquefaction, in particular bursting of the foam bubbles Contains droplets.
  • the collecting container can also be formed by the container containing the aqueous bath become.
  • the proportion of foaming agent, the pH value and the temperature in the aqueous bath are adjusted in accordance with the type of exhaust gas in accordance with an optimal foaming, while the pollutants which are deposited are drawn off from the aqueous bath.
  • a foam column with coherent foam bubbles with a diameter of 1 to 5 mm of high stability is produced.
  • the high stability of the 'foam bubbles requires the Verwen ⁇ dung of a mechanical foam destroyer, which ensures that, so gases at the end of quasistationäre ⁇ foam column at the end of Tra ⁇ sportrange of containing the foam column foam bubbles, any bubbles, releasing the purified Ab ⁇ made to rupture become.
  • a foam destroyer preferably contains a plurality of perforated plates arranged one behind the other, which are equipped with sharp edges and tips for piercing the foam bubbles.
  • foam destroyers of the type mentioned are likewise arranged between the individual steps in order to prevent foam bubbles from being carried over from one step to the other, which causes the Introducing the exhaust gases into the aqueous baths of the higher levels could hinder.
  • the exhaust pipes immersed in the aqueous bath have a plurality of baffles arranged on one side on their lateral surface, preferably with the baffles pointing downwards. Chen provided outlet openings.
  • the outlet openings which are preferably triangular in outline, can be formed by punching and bending the guide surfaces out of the jacket surface of the exhaust pipe.
  • the measures according to the invention have the advantage that, compared to the conventional wet cleaning processes, a much smaller pollutant-laden washing liquid stream is obtained. This advantage particularly affects the disposal of the pollutant-containing washing liquid, which can be supported by conventional processing methods, such as mechanical solid separation, thermal, chemical and biological decomposition and regeneration.
  • the surfactants and lignin sulfonates to be used according to the invention are amenable to biological process engineering regeneration.
  • Fig. La is a circuit diagram of a foam scrubber with spray cleaning precursor
  • Fig. Lb shows a section through the foam bubble destroyer according to Fig la in an enlarged view.
  • Pri ⁇ zipdargna a two-stage foam gas scrubber with pre-cleaning stage
  • FIG. 3 shows a basic circuit diagram of a foam gas scrubber with a foam column deflected into a drip container.
  • the foam gas scrubber shown in the drawing has a reactor vessel 10 which has in its lower region a trough 12 for receiving a washing liquid 14 which is designed as an aqueous bath, and at least one approximately horizontally oriented exhaust gas on the inlet side and with im Exhaust pipe 16, which is arranged at a distance from one another and points downward and opens into the washing liquid, and has a space 20 for receiving a foam bed 22 above the liquid level 18.
  • the space 20 has an extraction opening 24 at the top, which either via a discharge tube equipped with foam destroyers for the cleaned exhaust gases (FIGS.
  • the foam destroyers 26 are located in the drip and / or condensation container or in a discharge pipe 28 'connected to them.
  • the foam destroyers 26 consist of a plurality of perforated plates arranged one behind the other, which are designed with sharp edges or tips 33 for breaking the incoming foam bubbles and whose holes 34 allow the exhaust gases released from the burst foam bubbles to pass through .
  • the liquid droplets formed when the foam bubble bursts are collected in a collecting ring 36 (FIGS. 1a and
  • the hot exhaust gases arriving via line 40 are first passed through a pre-cleaning and pre-cooling stage 42 before they are fed to the foam gas scrubber via a blower 44.
  • the pre-cleaning and pre-cooling stage essentially consists of several pipe sections 46 arranged in parallel, which are equipped with water-spraying devices 48.
  • the spray water is branched off from the washing liquid 14 and fed to the spray nozzle 48 of the spray devices 48 by a circulation pump 50 via lines 52.
  • the spray water takes up the majority of the coarse solid particles in the exhaust gases in contact with the exhaust gases.
  • the temperature of the hot exhaust gases is reduced by heat transfer.
  • the correspondingly contaminated and heated spray water then passes via the overflow 54 of the pipe section 46 to a settling basin 56, in which a heat exchanger 58 is also arranged for cooling the washing liquid. From there, the washing liquid is conveyed back via line 60 into the tub 12 of the reactor vessel 10.
  • the preferably basic washing liquid is mixed with a foaming agent consisting of surfactants and lig ⁇ i ⁇ derivatives in such an amount and composition that the exhaust gases entering the washing liquid 14 via the exhaust pipe 16 below the liquid level 18 pass through the surface of the bath predominantly be enclosed in foam bubbles.
  • the foam bubbles which have a diameter of approximately 1 to 5 mm, form a coherent foam column 64 which, in the stationary operating state, largely fills the space 20 of the reactor container 10 and, if appropriate, a subsequent drip container as a foam bed 22.
  • the foam In order to avoid premature bursting of the foam bubbles 62 within the foam column 64, the foam must be stabilized in this way by means of a stabilizer (preferably a lignin sulfonate) be that it is retained for at least 30 minutes, preferably for 1 to 2 hours, without external intervention.
  • a stabilizer preferably a lignin sulfonate
  • the foam bubbles stabilized in this way have an optimal residence time of 1 to 20 s, preferably 3 to 10 s, within the foam column, depending on the geometrical design of the system and the amount of exhaust gas, and must burst at the end of the foam column at the foam destroyer 26, releasing the cleaned exhaust gases to be brought.
  • the liquid droplets loaded with pollutants and odorous substances from the burst bubbles are collected in the collecting ring 36 or the drip and / or condensation container 32 and, if appropriate, returned to the washing liquid 14 with the interposition of a settling basin 38.
  • a pH controller 66 as well as level regulators and metering devices for foaming agents (not shown) ensure that the optimal operating conditions of the washing liquid are maintained despite the absorption of pollutants and the evaporation and carryover of constituents of the washing liquid.
  • the incoming exhaust gases (arrow 70) pass through a feed pipe 72 equipped with spray nozzles 48 to the outlet openings 17 of the exhaust pipe 16 located below the liquid level 18 of the washing liquid 14.
  • the spray nozzles 48 are thereby connected via a circulation pump 50 with the Wash liquid 14 is applied from the tub 12.
  • the spray water is returned to the tub 12 with the solids particles removed during the spraying operation, the solids 74 settling on the bottom of the tub 12.
  • the polluted droplets of the foam bubbles fall back into the washing liquid 14, while the pre-cleaned exhaust gases pass into the tub 12 'with the washing liquid 14'.
  • further foam bubbles 62' are formed, which assemble in space 20 'to form a further foam column 64' and finally reach the discharge opening 24 via the deflection path 75, which is delimited at the bottom by a collecting channel 36.
  • the cleaned exhaust gases then reach the outside via the exhaust pipe 28, while the liquefied foam bubbles laden with pollutants return to the tub 12 'via the catch 36.
  • pH probes 78 and alkali supply lines 80 intervene in the various washing stages for pH control.
  • level regulators 82 are provided in both tubs for the water supply via the lines 84.
  • the two-stage foam gas scrubber is used primarily for those exhaust gases that would lead to the destruction of the foam bubble before the optimal dwell time was reached. This is the case, for example, with strongly hydrocarbon-containing or fatty exhaust gases.
  • the foam column 64 generated in the reactor vessel 10 is deflected into a drip and / or the condensation vessel 32.
  • the length of the foam column can be increased in spite of its low construction and thus the length of time of the exhaust gases in the foam bubbles 62 can be increased.
  • Another advantage of this arrangement can be seen in the separation of the settling basin 38 from the tub 12, which is a simple pre-cleaning of the liquid collected from the drained foam bubbles before it is returned to the washing liquid and thus a longer service life every batch possible.
  • a foam gas washer according to FIG. 1 a was used for flue gas cleaning in a tower smoke installation for smoking meat and sausage products.
  • the tower smoke system is Doppelsch ⁇ , which are installed over several floors. The smoke generated in the basement from spruce sawdust and brushwood brushes through the individual chambers, causing the goods to be smoked. The natural chimney draft allows the excess smoke to reach the atmosphere through the roof.
  • the foam gas washer was connected to the flue gas chamber with the aid of a flexible aluminum tube and its exhaust air was introduced into the scrubbing liquid via a fan.
  • La had a height of 2 m, a diameter of 1.5 m at a water level of 0.5 and a foam height of 1.5 m.
  • the washing liquid was adjusted to pH 10 and a foam former and foam stabilizer according to Example 1 were added.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un procédé de purification de gaz d'échappement chargés de matières toxiques et/ou malodorantes, notamment de gaz de fumée, de gaz d'échappement de moteurs et d'air évacué, les gaz d'échappement sont introduits dans un bain aqueux auquel on ajoute un agent moussant. En traversant la surface du bain, la plus grande partie des gaz d'échappement est enfermée dans les bulles de la mousse et sont emportées avec les bulles de la surface du bain. Pendant le transport des bulles, les matières toxiques et malodorantes contenues dans les gaz d'échappement se lient par adsorption au côté intérieur de la pellicule qui forme la bulle. Lorsque par la suite les bulles de mousse sont liquéfiées, en libérant les gaz d'échappement purifiés, les matières toxiques et malodorantes sont captées avec le liquide formé à partir des bulles de mousse, sont éventuellement condensées et éliminées. Afin de stabiliser la mousse, on ajoute des dérivés de lignine, tels le sulfonate de lignine, à l'agent moussant formé par exemple d'agents de surface anioniques.
PCT/EP1989/000418 1988-07-15 1989-04-19 Procede et dispositif de purification de gaz d'echappement WO1990000437A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE89EP8900418T DE3990796D2 (en) 1989-04-19 1989-04-19 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von abgasen

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP3823995.7 1988-07-15
DE3823995A DE3823995A1 (de) 1987-07-21 1988-07-15 Schaum-gas-waescher

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990000437A1 true WO1990000437A1 (fr) 1990-01-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1989/000418 WO1990000437A1 (fr) 1988-07-15 1989-04-19 Procede et dispositif de purification de gaz d'echappement

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AU (1) AU3448989A (fr)
WO (1) WO1990000437A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4104285A1 (de) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-20 Henninger Geier Waltraud Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von mit schadstoffen beladenen gasen
DE29512006U1 (de) * 1995-07-25 1995-10-05 Schmidt Ag Geb Fritierabgasreiniger
DE102007040934A1 (de) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Man Diesel A/S Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgas
DE102009010808B3 (de) * 2009-02-27 2010-08-19 Man Diesel Filial Af Man Diesel Se, Tyskland Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Motorabgas
EP2393575A1 (fr) * 2009-02-04 2011-12-14 Bengt Eggemar Épurateur de gaz
DE102017128959A1 (de) 2017-12-06 2019-06-06 Erc Emissions-Reduzierungs-Concepte Gmbh Kombiniertes Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung und Abgasrückführung eines druckaufgeladenen Brennkraftmotors

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2826552A (en) * 1950-09-07 1958-03-11 Bonewitz Chemicals Inc Water treating and cleaning composition
DE1253552B (de) * 1963-07-24 1967-11-02 Cowles Chem Co Reinigungsmittel fuer Metalloberflaechen
US3853782A (en) * 1972-12-07 1974-12-10 Fremont Ind Inc Silk screen cleaner composition
FR2313012A1 (fr) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-31 Sulzer Ag Prothese d'articulation coxo-femorale
FR2389668A1 (fr) * 1977-05-04 1978-12-01 Rhone Poulenc Ind
US4380459A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-04-19 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for reducing the amount of coal dust in the environment surrounding coal mining
DE3724099A1 (de) * 1987-07-21 1988-04-21 Geier Henninger Kurt Gas - schaum - waescher

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2826552A (en) * 1950-09-07 1958-03-11 Bonewitz Chemicals Inc Water treating and cleaning composition
DE1253552B (de) * 1963-07-24 1967-11-02 Cowles Chem Co Reinigungsmittel fuer Metalloberflaechen
US3853782A (en) * 1972-12-07 1974-12-10 Fremont Ind Inc Silk screen cleaner composition
FR2313012A1 (fr) * 1975-06-03 1976-12-31 Sulzer Ag Prothese d'articulation coxo-femorale
FR2389668A1 (fr) * 1977-05-04 1978-12-01 Rhone Poulenc Ind
US4380459A (en) * 1981-10-05 1983-04-19 Atlantic Richfield Company Method for reducing the amount of coal dust in the environment surrounding coal mining
DE3724099A1 (de) * 1987-07-21 1988-04-21 Geier Henninger Kurt Gas - schaum - waescher

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chemical Abstracts, Band 98, 1983 (Columbus, Ohio, US), K.F. Keirstead et al.: "Surface activity of foam fractions of a calcium lignosulfonate", siehe Seite 107 *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4104285A1 (de) * 1991-02-13 1992-08-20 Henninger Geier Waltraud Verfahren und vorrichtung zum reinigen von mit schadstoffen beladenen gasen
DE29512006U1 (de) * 1995-07-25 1995-10-05 Schmidt Ag Geb Fritierabgasreiniger
DE102007040934A1 (de) * 2007-08-30 2009-03-05 Man Diesel A/S Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgas
EP2393575A1 (fr) * 2009-02-04 2011-12-14 Bengt Eggemar Épurateur de gaz
EP2393575A4 (fr) * 2009-02-04 2014-05-21 Bengt Eggemar Épurateur de gaz
DE102009010808B3 (de) * 2009-02-27 2010-08-19 Man Diesel Filial Af Man Diesel Se, Tyskland Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Motorabgas
DE102017128959A1 (de) 2017-12-06 2019-06-06 Erc Emissions-Reduzierungs-Concepte Gmbh Kombiniertes Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abgasnachbehandlung und Abgasrückführung eines druckaufgeladenen Brennkraftmotors
DE102017128959B4 (de) * 2017-12-06 2021-03-04 Erc Emissions-Reduzierungs-Concepte Gmbh Kombiniertes Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung und Abgasrückführung eines druckaufgeladenen Brennkraftmotors

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