WO1989012611A1 - Procede d'evacuation de dechets organiques, en particulier les dechets organiques provenant de l'industrie des conserves et de l'alimentation, de meme que les dechets organiques contenant de l'huile - Google Patents

Procede d'evacuation de dechets organiques, en particulier les dechets organiques provenant de l'industrie des conserves et de l'alimentation, de meme que les dechets organiques contenant de l'huile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989012611A1
WO1989012611A1 PCT/HU1989/000030 HU8900030W WO8912611A1 WO 1989012611 A1 WO1989012611 A1 WO 1989012611A1 HU 8900030 W HU8900030 W HU 8900030W WO 8912611 A1 WO8912611 A1 WO 8912611A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
parts
mixture
mass
weight
rent
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1989/000030
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
József POPOVITS
Zsolt Fekete
Béla DEMETER
Original Assignee
Heves Megyei Településtisztasági Vállalat
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Heves Megyei Településtisztasági Vállalat filed Critical Heves Megyei Településtisztasági Vállalat
Publication of WO1989012611A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989012611A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the disposal of organic waste, in particular organic waste from the canning and food industry, and oil-containing organic waste.
  • the waste is dewatered and then applied directly to the agricultural area.
  • the waste is first dewatered and then exposed to the action of oil-decomposing bacteria.
  • N e a further process is reduced the oil content of the waste in special pits biochemical means, said aerobic conditions are ensured by chemical reactions.
  • the oil-containing waste is mixed with the municipal waste in a certain ratio, and the oil content is slowly reduced within a microbiological activity controlled by means of the mixing ratio, with the formation of biogas. After all, it is also known to contain oily waste to burn or to add the unfired brick mass.
  • the object of the invention was to create a process by means of which the organic wastes accumulating in the canning and foodstuffs industry and the extremely environmentally harmful oil-containing wastes can be disposed of in an economical manner within a short time.
  • the invention is based on the finding that if a bacterial concentrate which accelerates the decomposition is added to the organic waste and the composting is carried out under aerobic conditions, the mass to be composted warms to a degree that during the Qa. The toxins and harmful microorganisms are destroyed and the decomposition time and the resulting compost meets the requirements stipulated in the standard.
  • the procedure is to a) on a waterproof surface
  • Layer of peat bran spreads on this 65-70% by mass of a mixture of vegetable waste, expediently sawdust, chopped straw, wood shavings, grape pomace, 3-4% mass of lime hydrate, 20-25% by mass of vegetable, lumpy or sludge-like waste of canned food.
  • the mixture is moistened with chlorine-free water to a moisture content of 60-65% and, if necessary, adjusts its pH value to between 7 and 8 by adding further hydrated lime and let the mixture stand until the rent has reached a temperature of 65-70 ° C, b) when the temperature of the mixture in the rent has dropped to about 50 C, the mixture turns, and c) the temperature at about 50 C , the moisture content by the addition of chlorine-free water at 50-55 M a sse holds% and the mixture after 14-18 days under aerobic. Conditions, composted at 40-45 C for 4-5 weeks.
  • the desired microbiological activity begins in the mixture accumulated to tenants, the temperature of the rent increases and remains aerobic over a relatively long period (6-8 days) at a high value (70-75 C) Decomposition process proceeds. In the course of this process, the still undecomposed organic substances are attacked by the different bacteria and fungi and decomposed into simpler hydrocarbons, which liberate heat and carbon dioxide. The cooling water substances are oxidized, which can be seen from the brown color of the material. At the same time, the nitrogen bacteria bind the ammonia released from the waste and process it into their own protein. At the relatively high temperatures, the heat-tolerant (thermophilic) bacteria are also killed or at least weakened to such an extent that they are treated by the following treatment agents. become incapable of life.
  • the method has the advantage that it can be used to produce a highly effective compost fertilizer that restores the strength of the soil from the environmentally harmful waste from the canning and food industries.
  • the procedure is to adjust the pH of the wastes to 7 -3, then with organic wastes with a water content of 55-60%, for example mixed with city garbage, straw, leaves, crushed corn stalks and corn cobs, vines, tobacco waste, sawdust or shavings and with activators in the ratio (2-4): (-9): (0.5-2), preferably 3: 6: 1 , the mixture piles up on a waterproof mat for rent and composts for 2s to 3 months.
  • Oily waste water and oily emulsions are appropriately pretreated before mixing with the organic waste and the activator.
  • the burnt lime is converted with the water to calcium hydroxide. This reaction creates heat that causes the water to move; the solid contaminants settle, the oil particles rise to the surface, and the resulting oil layer can be skimmed off.
  • the oil emulsions containing emulsifier can only be separated to an insignificant extent by settling. Therefore, their separation is carried out by chemical means CDER by electrolytic W a sserzer GmbH.
  • the oil emulsion containing emulsifier is adjusted to a pH value of 4-5 with inorganic acids, after a standing time the oil layer on the surface is separated off, the pH value of the remaining muddy sewage water is also reduced Lime hydrate adjusted to 7-8, while alternatively one can also proceed in such a way that the pH of the oil emulsion containing the emulsifier is adjusted to 5-6 with inorganic acids and the water in the emulsion is decomposed electrolytically, whereby the emulsion liberates. the oil particles from the emerging. Gas bubbles to the Surface to be worn. The electrolytic decomposition is continued until the water is completely clear and the used water is constantly replaced.
  • the oil layer which has accumulated on the surface of the water is separated off, the pH of the remaining, sludge-free wastewater is adjusted to 7-8 with hydrated lime, and the material treated in this way is mixed with organic waste and activator mixed and then composted.
  • the chemical separation is carried out with an inorganic acid, for example with a waste acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or acid in excess, calcium sulfate solution.
  • a waste acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or acid in excess, calcium sulfate solution.
  • the emulsifier is precipitated in the form of a precipitate and settles out within a few hours, while the oil particles released float to the surface, where they can be removed by skimming.
  • the pH of the remaining waste water and sludge is then adjusted to 7-8 with hydrated lime.
  • a nickel mesh is arranged on the bottom of the container containing the oil emulsion, naturally isolated from the ice jacket of the container. Carbon electrodes are suspended in the solution from above. A 24 V voltage and 25-30 A current source is connected between the nickel and carbon electrodes. After the emulsion has been acidified to pH 5-6, primarily for the purpose of better current conduction, the direct current is passed through. Due to the effect of the current, the water forming the phase of the emulsion is decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen bubbles rise on the cathode side, oxygen bubbles rise on the anode side and transport the oil droplets to the surface, where they form a Form a layer.
  • the emulsion is kept under power for about 12 hours and water is poured in to replace the water which has disappeared as a result of the decomposition until all the oil droplets released have been carried to the surface by the gas bubbles and the water is clear.
  • the container is left to stand for 12 hours, then the surface oil layer is skimmed off and the pH of the remaining waste water and sludge is adjusted to 7-8 with hydrated lime.
  • 60 parts by weight of organic waste with a moisture content of 55-60% and 10 parts by weight of activator are expediently added to 30 parts by volume of an oil sludge containing 35-40% by weight of oil. if the oil sludge contains more than 40% by mass of oil, 60 parts by volume of organic waste with a moisture content of 55-60% and 15 parts by weight of activator are expected for 25 parts by volume of oil sludge.
  • the activator contains ni- trifizierende and cellulosezerfirmfirmde bacteria and different, the H u mus realise accelerating fungi and other micro-organisms; due to the action of the activator, the mixture stratified in rents begins to ferment violently.
  • the temperature of the rent reaches a value of 60-65 ° C within 10 days, after a further 8-12 days the temperature can exceed 70 ° C.
  • the temperature then stagnates for 6-7 days, then suddenly begins to drop and drops to 35-40 C after 3-4 days.
  • the whole process takes about a month.
  • the oil particles loosened by the heat are partly carried away by the water vapor that flows outwards as a result of the high temperature, and partly evenly distributed in the interior of the rent;
  • the oil content in the 8-15 cm thick outer layer of the rent is a few percent higher than in the inside of the rent. In in this case the entire rent will be turned over.
  • the oil content of the rent is converted into house. If during the fermentation the moisture content of the rent drops below 50%, the rent with wastewater from which the oil has been skimmed off is again moistened to a moisture content of 50-55%.
  • the turned, again shaped into a rent and now completely homogeneous mass begins to ferment again, but not so violently, and the temperature reaches 58-60 ° C after 12-15 days. At this time, ripening and humus formation processes take place.
  • the activity of cellulose-decomposing and other bacteria becomes livelier, the enzymes stemming from the life activity of the microorganisms convert the entire contents of the rent into humus. After one month, an average sample is taken from the rent, the residual oil content of which is checked in the laboratory. If the examination shows that the oil is still undecomposed, the rent has to be turned again.
  • the advantage of the method is that with its help, the oily organic waste, in particular waste water and emulsions, can be disposed of in a relatively short time and a high-quality compost fertilizer is obtained which is suitable for renewing the soil power.
  • the invention relates to the production of the activator required for the method and the production of the vaccine material required for the production of the activator.
  • the preparations Cofuna and Bipost are available, which can be used to produce a humus fertilizer from individual types of waste, e.g. from grape pomace, crushed grape stems through biological degradation within 4-5 weeks of ripening, which is about three times as effective as stable fertilizer.
  • these vaccines are not suitable for the degradation of cellulose-rich materials.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that an excellent vaccine and activator can be produced from degraded reed sludge by adding suitable additives.
  • Activator is prepared from the vaccine produced in this way by la) 25-30 parts by weight of green plant material, 15-20 parts by weight of grape pomace, 40-50 parts by weight of chopped reeds or straw and
  • the activator produced in this way can be used to produce an excellent humus fertilizer from organic waste by mixing 70% by mass of the organic waste, preferably grape pomace, with 5-10 parts by mass of the activator and 20-25 parts by weight of poultry manure the mixture is left to ripen for 5-6 weeks.
  • the method according to the invention is advantageous because it can be used to produce an extraordinarily effective vaccine material and an activator from cheap raw materials, with which cellulose-rich substances, municipal waste of vegetable origin and hazardous waste, such as that in the slaughterhouses can be made harmless.
  • Tor with the Aktiva ⁇ highly effective H can be produced and musschreibger within a short maturity periods.
  • Ratio 1 1 17 parts by weight of grape pomace 17 parts by weight of freshly cut grass 5 parts by weight of ammonium nitrate and 5 parts by weight of poultry manure are mixed together.
  • the mixture is formed into a rental, its moisture content is adjusted to 75 M a sse% with chlorine-free W ater.
  • the rent is covered with black film and left to mature for 22 days.
  • On the 10th day the temperature of the mixture rises to 55 C and suddenly drops on the 11th day. At this point the mixture is turned. After that, the temperature rises again and then slowly and evenly falls. When the temperature has dropped below 40 ° C., the mixture is packed in black foil sacks.
  • Example 2 Example 2
  • Example 1 15 parts by weight of non-boiled grape pomace 40 parts by weight of chopped reeds and 10 parts by weight of peat bran are crushed and mixed together. The moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 75% by mass with chlorine-free water. Then, inoculating 1% of the mass produced ⁇ overall AESS Example 1 is based on the total mass of the mixture, aterials added. The mixture is homogenized, formed into a rent, covered with a layer of earth and left to stand for 3 weeks. During this time, the presence of the vegetable green mass among the anaerobic run Conditions pectin degradation processes.
  • the Faser ⁇ structure of the reeds is so far loosened, that the cellulose degrading bacteria multiply with great speed and are incorporated into the loosened Fa serstr 'UCTURE the mixture, b) 35 parts by mass of fallen leaves, 10 parts by mass Torfkleie and 50 M a ssemaschine chopped straw are mixed together and then mixed with 1 part by weight of tobacco powder, 1 M a sseteil Kalkhydat and 3 parts by mass of ammonium nitrate was added. The moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 60 M a sse% with chlorine-free W ater. The moisturized material is homogenized and then formed into two piles, 2 m wide and 1.5 m high.
  • the inside temperature of the rent starts to increase after 5-5 days and is therefore checked twice a day.
  • 100 liters of air are blown through the rent using perforated pipes for 1 material.
  • 10 days after the temperature had risen an average sample is taken after the rent has been ventilated, and its moisture content, pH value and C: N ratio are determined and corrected if necessary. If the pH is below 7.5, it is adjusted to 7.5-8 with hydrated lime. If the C: N ratio is above 13: 1, ie the carbon content is high, a ratio of 10: 1 is established by adding ammonium nitrate.
  • germs radiation fungi fungus activator (example 1) 3SxlO l3 68xl0 6 34xl0 7 compost (example 3) 72xl0 10 29xl0 6 95xl0 5 Cofuna 62xl0 10 93xl0 5 49xl0 5
  • a 3/4 inch of the peat bran is made into a 20 cm thick base layer, the sawdust is layered onto it in a layer thickness of 30 cm, and then a 15 cm thick layer is made from the grape pomace formed, which is shaped a little switching.
  • the lime hydrate is sprinkled on the top layer.
  • the rumen and intestinal contents from the slaughterhouse are applied to this layer system in a thickness of 30 cm.
  • Another 10 cm thick layer of grape pomace, 20 cm sawdust, 30 cm rumen and intestinal contents, 1-2 cm hydrated lime, 10 cm grape pomace and 20 cm sawdust. 10 mass% activator is added to each layer.
  • the temperature of the rented again after turning formed mixture begins to rise again and reaches a value of about 50 C after 5-5 days, the ripening process beginning, which is indicated by a dark brown discoloration of the material and by the action of the activator quickly, within 4-5 Weeks goes by.
  • a high-quality humus fertilizer is produced, which can be used both on the arable land and in the nursery to restore the strength of the soil.
  • the compost has a crumb structure, its smell is reminiscent of freshly dug earth (a little foxed, slightly pungent, sweetish mushroom smell).
  • the product pressed together by hand, feels moist but not greasy.
  • the organic matter content is approximately 25% by mass, the water content 50% by mass.
  • Example 4 the difference is that the following mixture is used as the framework material: 10% by weight of wood shavings
  • Waste water containing washing oil is mixed with 3 kg of hydrated lime, stirred thoroughly twice and then left to stand for 24 hours. Then the oil layer that has accumulated on the surface is skimmed off and subsequently treated as waste oil. The remaining wastewater has a pH of 7 and an oil content of 15%.
  • 30 parts by weight of sawdust with an oil content of 38.77%, 60 parts by weight of straw and 10 parts by weight of the activator prepared according to Example 2 (number of germs 38x10) are mixed together. The water content of the mixture is adjusted to 60% with the waste water containing 15% oil obtained in step a).
  • the mixture is thoroughly homogenized and piled up on a 40 cm thick peat layer in the form of a round heap approximately 4.5 m in diameter and 2.8 m in height. After 22 days, the temperature of the mixture rose to 68 ° C. As the laboratory test shows, the oil content has decreased by 30% and the moisture content has dropped to 45%. The moisture content is adjusted again to 55% with wastewater containing oil.
  • the oil-containing wastewater is produced by adding 3 kg of waste sulfuric acid per m 3 to a wastewater containing 10% oil emulsion. After standing for 24 hours, the oil is skimmed off the surface. The remaining wastewater has a pH of 6 and is adjusted to pH 7-8 by adding 2 kg of hydrated lime / m wastewater.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Lesdits déchets sont mélangés à des déchets végétaux, comme de la sciure, des copeaux, de la paille hachée etc., en présence d'un activateur. On humidifie le mélange, on l'empile en meules et on le fait fermenter en anaérobie jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne une température de 65 à 70° C; ensuite on l'humidifie à nouveau et on le composte à des conditions d'aérobie à 40-45° C. La substance désignée sous le nom d'activateur est obtenue par un procédé en deux étapes à partir de masse verte végétale, de roseau haché, de paille, de résidus de fruits, de boue des bords de terrains à roseaux, d'excréments de volaille et de son de tourbe; elle est riche en microorganismes qui décomposent la cellulose.
PCT/HU1989/000030 1988-06-23 1989-06-23 Procede d'evacuation de dechets organiques, en particulier les dechets organiques provenant de l'industrie des conserves et de l'alimentation, de meme que les dechets organiques contenant de l'huile WO1989012611A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU319288 1988-06-23
HU3192/88 1988-06-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989012611A1 true WO1989012611A1 (fr) 1989-12-28

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PCT/HU1989/000030 WO1989012611A1 (fr) 1988-06-23 1989-06-23 Procede d'evacuation de dechets organiques, en particulier les dechets organiques provenant de l'industrie des conserves et de l'alimentation, de meme que les dechets organiques contenant de l'huile

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EP (1) EP0403586A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989012611A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0916636A1 (fr) * 1997-05-30 1999-05-19 Sapporo Breweries Ltd. Procede et dispositif de preparation de compost
FR2802202A1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-15 Labat Assainissement Vidange Procede de traitement par compostage de dechets graisseux et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
CN114196654A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-18 黑龙江省农业科学院农村能源与环保研究所 一种复合酶制剂及其制备方法和产生沼气的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1299630A (en) * 1970-10-10 1972-12-13 Rumenco Ltd Compost activators
AT372067B (de) * 1980-09-11 1983-08-25 Graefe Gernot Verfahren zur herstellung von duenger und nuetzlichen nebenprodukten
CH646931A5 (de) * 1979-03-27 1984-12-28 Gernot Graefe Mittel zur herstellung hochwertigen duengers oder zur einleitung bzw. foerderung aerober verrottungsvorgaenge, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung.

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1299630A (en) * 1970-10-10 1972-12-13 Rumenco Ltd Compost activators
CH646931A5 (de) * 1979-03-27 1984-12-28 Gernot Graefe Mittel zur herstellung hochwertigen duengers oder zur einleitung bzw. foerderung aerober verrottungsvorgaenge, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung.
AT372067B (de) * 1980-09-11 1983-08-25 Graefe Gernot Verfahren zur herstellung von duenger und nuetzlichen nebenprodukten

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0916636A1 (fr) * 1997-05-30 1999-05-19 Sapporo Breweries Ltd. Procede et dispositif de preparation de compost
EP0916636A4 (fr) * 1997-05-30 2004-03-10 Sapporo Breweries Procede et dispositif de preparation de compost
FR2802202A1 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2001-06-15 Labat Assainissement Vidange Procede de traitement par compostage de dechets graisseux et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
EP1108699A3 (fr) * 1999-12-14 2002-11-13 Labat Assainissement Vidange Procédé de traitement par compostage de déchets graisseux et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre
CN114196654A (zh) * 2021-12-17 2022-03-18 黑龙江省农业科学院农村能源与环保研究所 一种复合酶制剂及其制备方法和产生沼气的方法

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Publication number Publication date
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