WO1989010757A1 - New ophthalmic preparation for treating glaucoma - Google Patents

New ophthalmic preparation for treating glaucoma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989010757A1
WO1989010757A1 PCT/DK1989/000112 DK8900112W WO8910757A1 WO 1989010757 A1 WO1989010757 A1 WO 1989010757A1 DK 8900112 W DK8900112 W DK 8900112W WO 8910757 A1 WO8910757 A1 WO 8910757A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pinacidil
potassium channel
use according
medicament
treatment
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Application number
PCT/DK1989/000112
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Wagn Ole Godtfredsen
Original Assignee
Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Løvens Kemis
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB888811041A external-priority patent/GB8811041D0/en
Priority claimed from GB888822603A external-priority patent/GB8822603D0/en
Priority claimed from GB888829368A external-priority patent/GB8829368D0/en
Application filed by Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Løvens Kemis filed Critical Leo Pharmaceutical Products Ltd. A/S (Løvens Kemis
Publication of WO1989010757A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989010757A1/en
Priority to KR1019900700030A priority Critical patent/KR900701323A/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to compositions for topical application in the eye, to the use of a class of compounds, i.e. the potassium channel openers for the preparation of such ophthalmic compositions, and to a method of treating glaucoma.
  • a class of compounds i.e. the potassium channel openers for the preparation of such ophthalmic compositions
  • potassium channel openers A number of members of the class of drugs called potassium channel openers have been described.
  • European patent application 0 076 075 a series of such compounds are disclosed. One of these has been described extensively in the literature under the name cromakalim (BRL 34915) (ref. J. Med. Chem. 29, 2194 (1986), Compound 2).
  • German Offenlegungsschrift 2 714 713 discloses another series of compounds one of which has become known as nicorandil.
  • United Kingdom Patent No. 1489879 a series of potasssium channel openers are described, among them N"-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, described in the literature as pinacidil. In the following these compounds will be referred to collectively as potassium channel openers.
  • the potassium channel openers have been shown to relax smooth muscles from various tissues, e.g tracheal, vascular and ileal smooth muscles, and clinically they have been studied in the treatment of hypertension and other vascular diseases, angina and asthma.
  • ⁇ -Adrenergic antagonists like timolol, lower the intraocular pressure, presumably by reducing the production of aqueous humor.
  • topical application of these drugs in the eye has been found in some cases to result in systemic effects. Therefore, this type of treatment is contraindicated in a large number of patients, e.g. asthmatics.
  • Cholinergic agonists like pilocarpine
  • acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors like physostigmine
  • these drugs have a blocking effect on accomodation, leading to blurring of far vision.
  • the smooth muscle relaxing potassium channel openers should be expected to increase the resistance to outflow of aqueous humor, thus increasing the intraocular pressure.
  • the present compositions containing as the active ingredients a potassium channel opener can effectively and longlasting reduce the intraocular pressure in experimental animals and patients suffering from glaucoma. Furthermore, due to their bronchodilating properties the potassium channel openers, in contrast to the ⁇ -blockers, can be used without risk in patients suffering from asthma. Still further, the present preparations do not give rise to any form of irritation in the eye, have no local anaestetic properties, and in contrast to the cholinergic agonists and the acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors they have no effect on accomodation.
  • the present invention also provides a method for the treatment of glaucoma comprising topical administration of an effective, non-toxic amount of a potassium channel opener or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to patients in need of such treatment.
  • Preferred active compounds are the potassium channel openers nicorandil, pinacidil and cromakalim.
  • pinacidil in its (-)-form has shown to be the most effective for obtaining the desired result.
  • the effective amount of the active compound depends on the severity of the condition. However, it is believed that an amount of from 0.05 mg to 10 mg per day should be sufficient for effective treatment.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions contemplated by this invention include pharmaceutical compositions suited for topical application in the eye.
  • compositions of the invention preferably contain from 0.01% to 2% of the potassium channel opener or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation which contains the active compound may be conveniently admixed with a non-toxic pharmaceutical organic carrier, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic carrier.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier are, for example, water, mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents such as lower alkanols or vegetable oils, polyalkylene glycols, petroleum based jelly, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl oleate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and other conventionally employed acceptable carriers.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation may also contain non-toxic auxiliary substances such as emulsifying, preserving, wetting, bodying agents and the like, as for example, polyethylene glycols 200, 300, 400 and 600; carbowaxes 1,000, 1,500, 4,000, 6,000 and 10,000; a polyanionic polymer, e.g.
  • a carboxyvinyl polymer having a molecular weight of from about 4,000 to about 6 million; antibacterial components such as quaternary ammonium compounds; phenylmercuric salts known to have cold sterilizing properties and which are non-injurious in use; thimerosal, methyl and propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol; buffering ingredients such as alkali metal chloride, borate, acetate, gluconate buffers, and other conventional ingredients such as sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine, oleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitylate, dioctyl alkali metal sulfosuccinate, monothioglycerol, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the like.
  • antibacterial components such as quaternary ammonium compounds
  • phenylmercuric salts known to have cold sterilizing properties and which are non-injurious in use
  • composition may further contain other therapeutically active compounds applied in the treatment of glaucoma, for instance a ⁇ -blocking agent, a cholinergic agonist or an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
  • a ⁇ -blocking agent for instance a cholinergic agonist or an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
  • the solution is sterile filtered through a membrane filter ⁇ s 0.22 ⁇ .
  • preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
  • Glycerol and benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in sterile water.
  • the pinacidil and the "Carbopol 934" is added to the solution.
  • the suspension is neutralized by addition of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the pH adjusted to pH 5.
  • preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
  • N-tertbutyl-N'-cyano-N"-3-pyridylguanidine is dissolved in hydrochloric acid 1 N by stirring or shaking.
  • the solution is sterile filtered through a membrane filter ⁇ s 0.22 ⁇ .
  • preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
  • Glycerol and benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in sterile water.
  • the cromakalim and the "Carbopol 934" is added to the solution.
  • the suspension is neutralized by addition of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the pH adjusted to pH 5.
  • Example 5 Pharmacological data. Intraocular pressure in rabbits Male New Zealand pigmented rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) were trained to accept handling, restraint and periodic intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. IOP was measured in conscious animals, using a floating tip tonometer (Pneumotonograph, Alcon. Fort Worth, Texas), without prior corneal anaesthesia. The tonometer is connected with a computer (GESPAC) loaded with a program (GESDOS) allowing acquisition and screen display of 3 successive 10 seconds IOP measurements, each of them including 30 instantaneous values. The screen display of each IOP measurement enables the quality control of the readings. The mean value of 3 acceptable IOP determinations is printed on a M.T. 80 S printer.
  • IOP intraocular pressure
  • mice Three rabbits with normal IOP (11.4-14.2 mmHg) at both eyes, were selected for study. They were administered 50 ⁇ l of Pinacidil 0.1% (w/v) sterile solution (Example 1) by instillation into the left and right conjunctival sac. At 8 days intervals, the same rabbits were treated in the same manner and at the same time of the day, with sterile saline and Timolol 0.5% (w/v) ophthalmic solutions (Timoptol ,
  • IOP measurements were done on both eyes before instillation and 15 - 30 - 60 - 120 - 180 - 240 - 300 - 360 min. after instillation.
  • the corneal reflex was tested three times in intervals of 1 minute at each time point, by means of a Cochet's esthesiometer (nylon thread: 0.12 mm diameter, 10 mm long), before instillation and 5 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 minutes after instillation.
  • a Cochet's esthesiometer nylon thread: 0.12 mm diameter, 10 mm long
  • IOP was measured as described in Example 5 before and 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min. after installation.
  • Treatment Concentration Number of treatment (mmHg . min) (X) eyes (mmHg) between 0 and
  • Example 8 Male HY278 albino rabbits weighing 3.0-3.5 kg were generally anaesthetised by i.v. injection of 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, and the right eye was locally anaesthetised by topical oxybuprocaine chloride 0.4%.
  • the cornea was punctured at the center with sterile double curved needle (diameter: 0.40 mm, length: 20 mm) (Hamilton), and the tip of the needle was headed to the posterior chamber of the right eye through the passage left between the iris and the anterior part of the lens.
  • sterile double curved needle (diameter: 0.40 mm, length: 20 mm) (Hamilton)
  • alpha-chymotrypsin 450 U.E.
  • the ocular condition of the rabbits was examined daily for several days after alpha-chymotrypsin injection and every rabbit presenting severe ocular imflammation was discarded.
  • the rabbits were then allowed to rest for one month and thereafter the IOP of the alpha-chymotrypsin injected eye was checked approximately once a week. Eight rabbits having a stable ocular hypertension were selected for the present study. At study onset they had been injected with alpha-chymotrypsin not less than 2 months ago (limits: 2 - 8 months) and weighed 3.5 to 5 kg.
  • IOP was measured as described in Example 5 before and 30, 60, 120 180, 240, 300, and 360 min. after installation at one week interval into the conjunctival sac of the hypertensive eye of each animal of 50 ⁇ l of the following preparations: 1. Pinacidil (0.05%)

Abstract

The present invention relates to compositions for topical application in the eye, to the use of a class of compounds, i.e. the potassium channel openers for the preparation of such ophthalmic compositions, and to a method of treating glaucoma.

Description

NEW OPHTHALMIC PREPARATION FOR TREATING GLAUCOMA
The present invention relates to compositions for topical application in the eye, to the use of a class of compounds, i.e. the potassium channel openers for the preparation of such ophthalmic compositions, and to a method of treating glaucoma.
A number of members of the class of drugs called potassium channel openers have been described. In European patent application 0 076 075 a series of such compounds are disclosed. One of these has been described extensively in the literature under the name cromakalim (BRL 34915) (ref. J. Med. Chem. 29, 2194 (1986), Compound 2). German Offenlegungsschrift 2 714 713 discloses another series of compounds one of which has become known as nicorandil. In United Kingdom Patent No. 1489879 a series of potasssium channel openers are described, among them N"-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N'-1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine, described in the literature as pinacidil. In the following these compounds will be referred to collectively as potassium channel openers.
The potassium channel openers have been shown to relax smooth muscles from various tissues, e.g tracheal, vascular and ileal smooth muscles, and clinically they have been studied in the treatment of hypertension and other vascular diseases, angina and asthma.
A number of drugs have been used for topical treatment of glaucoma, a disease characterized by an increased intraocular pressure. β-Adrenergic antagonists, like timolol, lower the intraocular pressure, presumably by reducing the production of aqueous humor. However, the topical application of these drugs in the eye has been found in some cases to result in systemic effects. Therefore, this type of treatment is contraindicated in a large number of patients, e.g. asthmatics. Cholinergic agonists, like pilocarpine, and acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors, like physostigmine, reduce the intraocular pressure by lowering the resistance to outflow of the aqueous humor, as they induce a contraction of the sphincter smooth muscle of the iris. However, these drugs have a blocking effect on accomodation, leading to blurring of far vision.
Since the cholinergic agonists owe their action to a contraction of smooth muscles, the smooth muscle relaxing potassium channel openers should be expected to increase the resistance to outflow of aqueous humor, thus increasing the intraocular pressure.
However, despite these expectations, it has now been found very surprisingly that the present compositions containing as the active ingredients a potassium channel opener can effectively and longlasting reduce the intraocular pressure in experimental animals and patients suffering from glaucoma. Furthermore, due to their bronchodilating properties the potassium channel openers, in contrast to the β-blockers, can be used without risk in patients suffering from asthma. Still further, the present preparations do not give rise to any form of irritation in the eye, have no local anaestetic properties, and in contrast to the cholinergic agonists and the acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors they have no effect on accomodation.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for the treatment of glaucoma comprising topical administration of an effective, non-toxic amount of a potassium channel opener or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to patients in need of such treatment.
Preferred active compounds are the potassium channel openers nicorandil, pinacidil and cromakalim.
Of these compounds, pinacidil in its (-)-form has shown to be the most effective for obtaining the desired result.
The effective amount of the active compound depends on the severity of the condition. However, it is believed that an amount of from 0.05 mg to 10 mg per day should be sufficient for effective treatment. The pharmaceutical compositions contemplated by this invention include pharmaceutical compositions suited for topical application in the eye.
The compositions of the invention preferably contain from 0.01% to 2% of the potassium channel opener or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The pharmaceutical preparation which contains the active compound may be conveniently admixed with a non-toxic pharmaceutical organic carrier, or with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic carrier. Typical of such pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are, for example, water, mixtures of water and water-miscible solvents such as lower alkanols or vegetable oils, polyalkylene glycols, petroleum based jelly, hydroxyethyl cellulose, ethyl oleate, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and other conventionally employed acceptable carriers. The pharmaceutical preparation may also contain non-toxic auxiliary substances such as emulsifying, preserving, wetting, bodying agents and the like, as for example, polyethylene glycols 200, 300, 400 and 600; carbowaxes 1,000, 1,500, 4,000, 6,000 and 10,000; a polyanionic polymer, e.g. a carboxyvinyl polymer having a molecular weight of from about 4,000 to about 6 million; antibacterial components such as quaternary ammonium compounds; phenylmercuric salts known to have cold sterilizing properties and which are non-injurious in use; thimerosal, methyl and propyl paraben, benzyl alcohol, phenyl ethanol; buffering ingredients such as alkali metal chloride, borate, acetate, gluconate buffers, and other conventional ingredients such as sorbitan monolaurate, triethanolamine, oleate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitylate, dioctyl alkali metal sulfosuccinate, monothioglycerol, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and the like.
The composition may further contain other therapeutically active compounds applied in the treatment of glaucoma, for instance a β-blocking agent, a cholinergic agonist or an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
The invention will now be further described in the following non-limiting Examples: Example 1 Eye-Drops
An eye preparation of the following composition per ml is prepared:
Pinacidil monohydrate 1 mg
Hydrochloric acid 1 N q.s. for dissolution of pinacidil (approx. 7.7 micro liter) Sodium citrate 1 mg
Benzalkonium chloride 0.1 mg
Tetracemin disodium 0.5 mg
Glycerol 25 mg
Water, sterile to make 1 ml
a) Pinacidil monohydrate is dissolved in hydrochloric acid 1 N by stirring or shaking.
b) Sodium citrate, benzalkonium chloride, tetracemin disodium and glycerol are dissolved in sterile water.
a) is added to b) and the pH adjusted to 5.
c) Sterile water to make up to volume (weight) is added.
The solution is sterile filtered through a membrane filter Çs 0.22μ.
Finally the preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
Example 2 Eye Gel
An eye preparation of the following composition per ml is prepared: Pinacidil monohydrate 1 mg
"Carbopol 934" 10 mg
Glycerol 25 mg
Benzalkonium chloride 0.1 mg Sodium hydroxide q.s.
Water, sterile to make 1 ml
Glycerol and benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in sterile water. The pinacidil and the "Carbopol 934" is added to the solution.
The suspension is neutralized by addition of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the pH adjusted to pH 5.
Finally the preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
Example 3 Eye-Drops
An eye preparation of the following composition per ml is prepared:
N-tertbutyl-N'-cyano-N"-3-pyridylguanidine
(P 1060) 0.2 mg
Hydrochloric acid I N q.s. for dissolution of P 1060 (approx. 7.7 micro liter)
Sodium citrate 1 mg Benzalkonium chloride 0 . 1 mg
Tetracemin disodium 0. 5 mg
Glycerol 25 mg
Water, sterile to make 1 ml
a) N-tertbutyl-N'-cyano-N"-3-pyridylguanidine is dissolved in hydrochloric acid 1 N by stirring or shaking.
b) Sodium citrate, benzalkonium chloride, tetracemin disodium and glycerol are dissolved in sterile water.
a) is added to b) and the pH adjusted to 5.
c) Sterile water to make up to volume (weight) is added.
The solution is sterile filtered through a membrane filter Çs 0.22μ.
Finally the preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120°C.
Example 4 Eye Gel
An eye preparation of the following composition per ml is prepared:
Cromakalim 0.2 mg
"Carbopol 934" 10 mg
Glycerol 25 mg
Benzalkonium chloride 0.1 mg
Sodium hydroxide q.s. water, sterile to make 1 ml
Glycerol and benzalkonium chloride are dissolved in sterile water. The cromakalim and the "Carbopol 934" is added to the solution.
The suspension is neutralized by addition of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and the pH adjusted to pH 5.
Finally the preparation is filled in suitable containers for dispensing and autoclaved at 120ºC. Example 5 Pharmacological data. Intraocular pressure in rabbits Male New Zealand pigmented rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) were trained to accept handling, restraint and periodic intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. IOP was measured in conscious animals, using a floating tip tonometer (Pneumotonograph, Alcon. Fort Worth, Texas), without prior corneal anaesthesia. The tonometer is connected with a computer (GESPAC) loaded with a program (GESDOS) allowing acquisition and screen display of 3 successive 10 seconds IOP measurements, each of them including 30 instantaneous values. The screen display of each IOP measurement enables the quality control of the readings. The mean value of 3 acceptable IOP determinations is printed on a M.T. 80 S printer.
Three rabbits with normal IOP (11.4-14.2 mmHg) at both eyes, were selected for study. They were administered 50 μl of Pinacidil 0.1% (w/v) sterile solution (Example 1) by instillation into the left and right conjunctival sac. At 8 days intervals, the same rabbits were treated in the same manner and at the same time of the day, with sterile saline and Timolol 0.5% (w/v) ophthalmic solutions (Timoptol ,
M.S.D. Chibret, France).
On each treatment day, IOP measurements were done on both eyes before instillation and 15 - 30 - 60 - 120 - 180 - 240 - 300 - 360 min. after instillation.
A single instillation of 50 μl Pinacidil 0.1% induces a rapid and sustained IOP decrease ranging from -4.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg (-32% vs. basal IOP) at +30 minutes to -1.35 +/- 0.6 mmHg (-10%) at 240 minutes By contrast, Timolol 0.5% is followed by a limited (-2.3 +/- 1.3 mmHg; -18%) and short lasting (60 minutes) IOP decrease. With saline ophthalmic solution, IOP variations remain within the range of -1.6 +/- 1.5 to +1.25 +/- 1.2 mmHg throughout the observation period with the exception of a single time point, at 300 minutes, where an IOP decrease of -2.5 +/- 0.6 was recorded. Variance analysis performed (i) on basal IOPs and (ii) on calculated areas under time-pressure curves (AUC) between 0-60 minutes; 0-240 and 0-360 minutes showed that basal IOPs did not differ significantly between treatment periods and that the ocular hypotensive effect of Pinacidil is highly significant (p<0.001) both versus saline and Timolol ophthalmic solutions, irrespective of the considered AUC range.
Example 6 Corneal anaesthesia in rabbits
In a first experiment, 6 pigmented New Zealand male rabbits were randomized in 2 groups of 3. In the first group, the animals were instilled with 50 μl Pinacidil 0.1% (w/v) sterile solution into the right conjunctival sac whereas in the second group, the rabbits received 50 μl sterile saline ophthalmic solution in the same way. In both groups, the left eyes remained untreated. Eight days later, the same animals were administered, again in the right eye, the treatment they did not receive previously.
In a second experiment, 2 groups of 2 rabbits were instilled in both conjunctival sacs 50 μl of either sterile saline or Timolol 0.5% (w/v) ophthalmic solutions. A third group of 2 rabbits remained untreated and served as controls.
In both experiments, the corneal reflex was tested three times in intervals of 1 minute at each time point, by means of a Cochet's esthesiometer (nylon thread: 0.12 mm diameter, 10 mm long), before instillation and 5 - 10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 minutes after instillation.
The number of corneal mechanical stimuli necessary to induce a blinking reflex was not influenced by the instillation of 0.1 % Pinacidil whereas it was increased for 40 minutes after instillation of 0.5% Timolol. Example 7
Three rabbits with normal IOP at both eyes were treated at 4 days interval by installation into the left and right conjunctival sac 50 μl of the following preparations:
1. Levorotary antipode of pinacidil (0.1%) ((-)-Pin)
2. Dextrorotary antipode of pinacidil (0.1%) ((+)-Pin)
3. Vehicle
4. Pinacidil (0.1%) ((±)-Pin)
Three other rabbits were treated in the same way at 4 days interval with the following preparations:
5. N-tertbutyl-N'-cyano-N"-3-pyridyl-guanidine (0.044%) (P1060)
6. Cromakalim (0.02%)
7. Vehicle
IOP was measured as described in Example 5 before and 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 min. after installation.
The results are shown in Table 1.
The results show that (-)-Pin is more effective than (+)-Pin in lowering IOP in normotensive conscious rabbits. The activity of (±)-Pin is intermediary.
Furthermore, (±)-Pin and (-)-Pin are more active than P1060 and Cromakalim in lowering IOP in the concentrations used in this experiment. Table 1:
Mean IOP (mmHg) at various interval s (min) Mean area under
IOP before after drug administration time-IOP curve
Treatment Concentration Number of treatment (mmHg . min) (X) eyes (mmHg) between 0 and
30 60 120 180 240 300 360 360 min
Vehicle - 12 16.8 17.0 17.4 17.3 16.6 16.1 16.2 16.5 6015.75 (0.8) (1.3) (0.9) (1.1) (0.8) (1.4) (1.1) (0.8) (223.28)
(±)-Pin 0.1 6 17.2 14.9 13.3 13.6 14.3 15.5 13.7 17.0 5246.75 (0.7) (0,9) (1.0) (1.2) (1.1) (0.8) (0.3) (0.5) (226.60)
(-)-Pin 0.1 6 16.6 13.2 12.2 13.5 13.5 14.1 12.7 15.5 4890.25 (0.9) (0.9) (0.4) (1.0) (0.9) (1.2) (0.5) (0.5) (126.27)
(+)-Pin 0.1 6 16.6 13.6 14.2 14.3 17.2 15.9 14.2 16.0 5477.75 (0.7) (2.3) (1.2) (0.8) (1.4) (1.4) (0.7) (1.0) (243.21)
PI 060 0.044 6 17.0 19.2 16.1 14.8 13.7 16.2 16.5 15.4 5687.75 (1.1) (2.4) (0.4) (0.5) (0.8) (0.6) (1.3) (0.4) (145.33)
Cromakalim 0.020 6 16.6 19.8 16.8 12.7 13.8 14.8 15.8 15.7 5502.75 (0.9) (1.8) (0.9) (0.9) (1.2) (0.9) (1.1) (1.3) (170.87)
Standard deviations are shown between brackets
Example 8 Male HY278 albino rabbits weighing 3.0-3.5 kg were generally anaesthetised by i.v. injection of 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital, and the right eye was locally anaesthetised by topical oxybuprocaine chloride 0.4%.
The cornea was punctured at the center with sterile double curved needle (diameter: 0.40 mm, length: 20 mm) (Hamilton), and the tip of the needle was headed to the posterior chamber of the right eye through the passage left between the iris and the anterior part of the lens. Once the needle tip correctly located, 0.5 mg alpha-chymotrypsin (450 U.E.) dissolved in 0.1 ml sterile saline were gently injected into the posterior chamber.
The ocular condition of the rabbits was examined daily for several days after alpha-chymotrypsin injection and every rabbit presenting severe ocular imflammation was discarded.
The rabbits were then allowed to rest for one month and thereafter the IOP of the alpha-chymotrypsin injected eye was checked approximately once a week. Eight rabbits having a stable ocular hypertension were selected for the present study. At study onset they had been injected with alpha-chymotrypsin not less than 2 months ago (limits: 2 - 8 months) and weighed 3.5 to 5 kg.
IOP was measured as described in Example 5 before and 30, 60, 120 180, 240, 300, and 360 min. after installation at one week interval into the conjunctival sac of the hypertensive eye of each animal of 50 μl of the following preparations: 1. Pinacidil (0.05%)
2. Pinacidil (0.1%)
3. Pinacidil (0.2%)
4. Vehicle
The effect is shown in Table 2. The table shows that the elevated IOP was lowered by all concentrations of pinacidil.
Figure imgf000015_0001

Claims

WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. The use of a compound selected from the group called potassium channel openers in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of glaucoma.
2. The use according to claim 1, in which the potassium channel opener selected is pinacidil (N"-cyano-N-4-pyridyl-N' -1,2,2-trimethylpropylguanidine).
3. The use according to claim 2, in which the (-)-form of pinacidil is used.
4. The use according to claim 1, in which the potassium channel opener selected is cromakalim (BRL 34915).
5. The use according to claim 1, in which the potassium channel opener selected is nicorandil.
6. An ophthalmic medicament for the use according to any one of the claims 1 to 5., which in addition to the active component contains pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic carriers and auxiliary agents selected from the group consisting of water and water miscible solvents, emulsifying, wetting, preserving and bodying agents, a polyanionic polymer, antibacterial components, buffering agents and other conventional carriers and auxiliary agents.
7. A medicament according to claim 6 in which the active component is the (-)-form of pinacidil.
8. A medicament according to claim 7, containing pinacidil as defined in an amount of 0.01 to 2%, as such or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
9. A medicament according to claim 6, which in addition to the said potassium channel opener contains a further active component applied in the treatment of glaucoma.
10. A medicament according to claim 9, in which the further active component is selected from the group consisting of β-blocking agents, cholinergic agonists and acetylcholin-esterase inhibitors.
11. The use of a compound as defined in any of the claims 1 to 5 for the treatment of glaucoma.
12. The use according to claim 11, of pinacidil and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
13. The use according to claim 12 of the (-)-form of pinacidil.
PCT/DK1989/000112 1988-05-10 1989-05-08 New ophthalmic preparation for treating glaucoma WO1989010757A1 (en)

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Cited By (19)

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WO1990011758A2 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-18 Sanofi Use of a potassic agonist in the treatment of glaucoma
WO1994021248A1 (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-29 Byk Nederland Bv Use of substituted alkyl nitrates for the treatment of pathologically increased intra-ocular pressure
WO1996033719A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Allergan Method for reducing intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye by administration of potassium channel blockers
US5629345A (en) * 1993-07-23 1997-05-13 Vide Pharmaceuticals Methods and compositions for ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition for lowering intraocular pressure
WO1999007411A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Remedies for complications of diabetes
US5965620A (en) * 1993-07-23 1999-10-12 Vide Pharmaceuticals Methods and compositions for ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition for lowering intraocular pressure
US6274595B1 (en) 1991-11-27 2001-08-14 Sepracor Inc. Compositions for treating infection using optically pure (S)-lomefloxacin
US6545036B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2003-04-08 Merck & Co., Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US6548535B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2003-04-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Method for treating ocular hypertension
EP1407768A2 (en) * 1999-07-01 2004-04-14 Glaxo Group Limited The potassium channel opener retigabine for the treatment of diseases
WO2004043932A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2004-05-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7294646B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2007-11-13 Merck & Co. Inc. Maxi-k channel blockers, methods of use and process for making the same
US7410992B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2008-08-12 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7414067B2 (en) 2003-03-27 2008-08-19 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7494983B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2009-02-24 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7528163B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2009-05-05 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7563816B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2009-07-21 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7576122B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2009-08-18 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
WO2015117024A1 (en) 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Novel therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma

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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, Vol. 110, No. 7, 1989, T.C. HAMILTON et al.: "Cromakalim, nicorandil and pinacidil: novel drugs which open potassium channels in smooth muscle", abstract number 50582b & Gen. Pharmacol., 1989, 20(1), 1-9, abstract. *
INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY CLINICS, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1973, D. DUNCALF et al.: "Effect of anaesthetic drugs and muscle relaxants on intraocular pressure", pages 21-33, see the whole document. *
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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990011758A3 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-11-29 Sanofi Sa Use of a potassic agonist in the treatment of glaucoma
WO1990011758A2 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-18 Sanofi Use of a potassic agonist in the treatment of glaucoma
US6274595B1 (en) 1991-11-27 2001-08-14 Sepracor Inc. Compositions for treating infection using optically pure (S)-lomefloxacin
WO1994021248A1 (en) * 1993-03-15 1994-09-29 Byk Nederland Bv Use of substituted alkyl nitrates for the treatment of pathologically increased intra-ocular pressure
US5965620A (en) * 1993-07-23 1999-10-12 Vide Pharmaceuticals Methods and compositions for ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition for lowering intraocular pressure
US5629345A (en) * 1993-07-23 1997-05-13 Vide Pharmaceuticals Methods and compositions for ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition for lowering intraocular pressure
US5573758A (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-11-12 Allergan Method for reducing intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye by administration of potassium channel blockers
EP1243270A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 2002-09-25 Allergan Sales, Inc. Method for reducing intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye by administration of potassium channel blockers
WO1996033719A1 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-31 Allergan Method for reducing intraocular pressure in the mammalian eye by administration of potassium channel blockers
WO1999007411A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-18 Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha Remedies for complications of diabetes
EP1407768A2 (en) * 1999-07-01 2004-04-14 Glaxo Group Limited The potassium channel opener retigabine for the treatment of diseases
EP1407768A3 (en) * 1999-07-01 2004-04-21 Glaxo Group Limited The potassium channel opener retigabine for the treatment of diseases
US6545036B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2003-04-08 Merck & Co., Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US6548535B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2003-04-15 Merck & Co., Inc. Method for treating ocular hypertension
US6914070B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2005-07-05 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US6924306B2 (en) 2000-01-18 2005-08-02 Merck & Co. Inc. Method for treating ocular hypertension
US7294646B2 (en) 2002-06-17 2007-11-13 Merck & Co. Inc. Maxi-k channel blockers, methods of use and process for making the same
WO2004043932A1 (en) 2002-11-08 2004-05-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
JP2010006825A (en) * 2002-11-08 2010-01-14 Merck & Co Inc Ophthalmic composition for treating ocular hypertension
US7528163B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2009-05-05 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7547720B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2009-06-16 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7196082B2 (en) 2002-11-08 2007-03-27 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7414067B2 (en) 2003-03-27 2008-08-19 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7576122B2 (en) 2003-09-02 2009-08-18 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7410992B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2008-08-12 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7494983B2 (en) 2003-09-04 2009-02-24 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
US7563816B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2009-07-21 Merck & Co. Inc. Ophthalmic compositions for treating ocular hypertension
WO2015117024A1 (en) 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Novel therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma
EP3099304A4 (en) * 2014-01-31 2018-01-10 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Novel therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma
US10981951B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2021-04-20 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma
US11505572B2 (en) 2014-01-31 2022-11-22 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma

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KR900701323A (en) 1990-12-01

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