WO1989010651A1 - Electric transmission device - Google Patents

Electric transmission device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989010651A1
WO1989010651A1 PCT/CH1989/000070 CH8900070W WO8910651A1 WO 1989010651 A1 WO1989010651 A1 WO 1989010651A1 CH 8900070 W CH8900070 W CH 8900070W WO 8910651 A1 WO8910651 A1 WO 8910651A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
generator
coupling
transmission
receiver
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1989/000070
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Albert Koch
Original Assignee
Every-Sys Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Every-Sys Ag filed Critical Every-Sys Ag
Priority to KR1019890702460A priority Critical patent/KR900701073A/en
Publication of WO1989010651A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989010651A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/70—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the reduction of electric, magnetic or electromagnetic leakage fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/05—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using capacitive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H01F2038/143—Inductive couplings for signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the contactless transmission of electrical energy while avoiding interference radiation.
  • the contactless transmission of energy which is time-dependent electrical functions, brings along with the problem of the efficiency of the transmission also problems due to undesired radiation of electrical energy into the environment. This becomes relevant if, for example, an official approval depends on how much interference radiation is emitted by the device for the contactless electrical transmission.
  • a contactless transmission can be viewed as a transmission between a sender and a receiver.
  • the transmitter radiates the energy to be transmitted (signals) into the environment and the receiver absorbs a more or less large part of this energy.
  • Interference radiation occurs when, for example, such a transmitter emits too much energy of a "disturbing" frequency.
  • It is also an object of the invention to provide a ready-to-use generator which only emits energy if it is certain that a receiver (in its vicinity) will absorb the emitted energy with a high degree of efficiency.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to determine from the transmitter whether a receiver interacts with the generator or not.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an application of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically the application according to FIG. 1, an electrically passive memo (M for mobile) and an electrically active generator (S for stationary), which are temporarily connected in an exchange relationship by a coupler C shown as a dashed box
  • the invention is based on the following basic idea.
  • a transmitter only emits no energy if it is switched off, i.e. not in operation, or if it takes any measures to get all of its emitted energy back before it leaves the transmitter. While the first-mentioned measure would be possible by switching on the transmitter only when in use, that is, when the receiver is so positive.
  • the second measure is more interesting because the transmitter is constantly in operation and can be used at any time. The second measure is implemented by fully reflecting the emitted energy back into the transmitter.
  • What is sought is a circuit or generator that can act as a waveguide (antenna) and as a reflector and a further circuit that can act as a mobile receiver in such a way that it absorbs the energy emitted by the transmitter or generator only under certain circumstances . In the case of energy and / or information transmission, the highest possible efficiency should also result between generator and receiver.
  • the wave When a traveling wave strikes an interface in a medium, in the case of the electromagnetic wave this is a point of impact in a transmission system, the wave is either passed on undisturbed or partially or totally reflected, depending on the wave resistance or adaptation. Such reflections result from mismatched wave resistors. While efforts are usually made to achieve the ideal possible adaptation or ideal closure to avoid reflections, the opposite is the goal here, namely to obtain the worst possible adaptation that completely reflects the wave. Such an adaptation can produce a standing wave in which there is no wave propagation into free space. Furthermore, the misadjusted network should also allow total transmission in use, so that it can act not only as a reflector, but also as a perfect waveguide (in the case of directing electromagnetic waves into free space as an antenna).
  • the transfer into free space, that is to say the transmission, is brought about, according to the inventive idea, by a tapping process or a coupling on the part of the recipient.
  • the presence of the receiver switches the network on the generator from reflection to transmission.
  • the discontinuity in the wave resistance is caused by the space in which the electromagnetic waves would have to detach, but this is prevented if the receiver is not at a certain distance from the generator and the desired interaction can therefore occur.
  • the output network of the generator is a resonant circuit (RLC), preferably a parallel resonant circuit with an inductive or capacitive coupling, for example a ferromagnetic-free inductance L or, if appropriate, adapted in the degree of coupling by means of ferromagnetics, or a piezo oscillator as the antenna part, this acts Completion with correct dimensioning of L and C like a reflector.
  • the running generator generates a standing wave on the totally reflective network.
  • the network designed in this way in the above-mentioned operating case is also known under the name of tank circuit because it is able to “fill up” energy and keep it ready.
  • This process can be thought of as a constantly running, unloaded generator shaft (idle generator) which can be tapped at any time. So it is not a potential store but rather a dynamic state.
  • a constant energy conversion takes place through the superimposition of the emitted and the reflected waves.
  • the maxi a of the electric and magnetic fields in a standing wave are separated in time by a quarter period and spatially by a quarter wavelength.
  • the energy of the two fields oscillates with the angular frequency 2w harmoniously around their mean value, at one time it is purely electrical, at other times purely magnetic. The loss is therefore only due to the ohmic portion of the network, which is always compensated for by the energy source of the generator.
  • an identical or similarly designed resonant circuit is coupled to the generator, as it is formed by the output network of the generator, the reflection of the generator network switches to transmission and the standing wave spontaneously becomes a running wave.
  • the efficiency of this transmission is high, around 80% and above.
  • the receiver likewise has a parallel resonant circuit of the same dimensions, which picks up the transmission energy. If the generator and receiver are brought close to each other, the transmission takes place; if they are separated, the external transmission activity ceases.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an application of the invention, in which operating energy is transferred from a data-managing central point to mobile devices in order to carry out an exchange of data at the same time.
  • the data-managing, central point has the operating energy for all mobile devices and the device according to the invention, the coupler ensures the contactless transmission of energy and data in such a way that the transmitting central point does not emit any interference radiation, the one under interference radiation radiation exceeding the prescribed limit is understood.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows an electrically passive memo (M for mobile) and an electrically active generator (S for stationary), which are temporarily connected in an exchange relationship by a coupler C shown as a dashed box.
  • the memos are present in a plurality Mj to M n and the generators are present in a plurality Sj to Sfc, each of these devices has an oscillating circuit (here a parallel one) of a para- or ferromagnetic-free inductance and a capacitance. All resonant circuits operate in the same frequency range.
  • Two resonant circuits form a coupler C below a predetermined distance of their sensitive zone (for example 5 mm), via which operating energy and Data is transferred.
  • the sensitive zone is, for example, the area of the coil opening.
  • a flat print spool of, for example, 1 to 2 cm is preferably used, which is arranged directly below the housing, made of a material that is permeable to electromagnetic fields. If the sensitive zones of two devices are placed one on top of the other, the two coils belonging to each resonant circuit are geometrically combined to form an electrically active coupler. After the separation, the electrically active generator stops transmitting immediately, the reflection begins, a standing wave is formed instead of a running wave and the transmission disappears, no interference radiation is emitted, no electromagnetic waves can detach.
  • a new approach of a resonant circuit restores the "symmetry", the total reflection is disturbed similar to the light at the border point (this can be done with a glass pane, for example) and thus made transparent.
  • the tank circuit of the generator delivers its energy to the digital operating circuit of the memo via the clinging and resonating partner resonant circuit.
  • the exchange can begin (again).
  • This contactless coupling device can be operated with any terminating network for the generator, which has an interface for generating total reflection and which interface can be disturbed in such a way that targeted transmission can take place with high efficiency.
  • the input network absorbing the transmitted energy for the receiver can be operated with any input network which makes the totally reflecting interface of the terminating network reversibly transparent.
  • a parallel resonant circuit (tank circuit) is recommended as the terminating network and a similar one as the input network, together they form a coupling network.
  • the geometric structure is simple: the spool is preferably a flat print spool that can be produced very inexpensively in automatic production; the capacitor is commercially available and can be arranged on the same print.
  • Each part of the device participating in the system thus receives a termination or input network, which in this example is the same Have structure and which, as termination / input network pairs, temporarily merged, form a coupling network for the contactless transmission of energy. This with the above-mentioned quality that no interference radiation is emitted from the generator.
  • This quality which results from the targeted formation of standing and running waves, can also be used for the detection of mobile stations.
  • a power measurement can be used to determine whether there is a standing or running shaft. No transmission takes place in the case of a standing shaft, and a coupling network has been formed in the case of a running shaft.
  • This detection capability can be used sensibly in the overall operation, for example for a device return control.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A contactless coupling arrangement can be operated by any closed network for the generator, said network having a totally reflecting interface which can be disturbed so that the desired transmission can be effected with a high degree of efficiency. The input network receiving the energy transmitted to the receiver makes the totally reflecting interface of the closed network reversibly permeable. The closed network and the input network are preferably parallel oscillating circuits (tank circuits) and together form a coupling network. The geometric design is simple: the coil is preferably a flat printed circuit coil which can be manufactured cheaply by an automatic process; the capacitor is a commercially available type and can be arranged on the same printed board assembly.

Description

E L E K T R I S C H E U E B E R T R A G U N G S E L E K T R I S C H E U E B E R T R A G U N G S
V O R R I C H T U N GCONTRAPTION
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zur kontaktlosen Uebertragung von elektrischer Energie unter Vermeidung von Störstrahlung.The invention relates to a method and a device for the contactless transmission of electrical energy while avoiding interference radiation.
Die kontaktlose Uebertragung von Energie, wobei es sich um zeitabhängi¬ ge elektrische Funktionen handelt, bringt neben der Problematik des Wir¬ kungsgrades der Uebertragung auch Problem durch unerwünschte Abstrah- lung von elektrischer Energie in die Umgebung. Dies wird dann relevant, wenn bspw. eine behördliche Zulassungbewilligung davon abhängt, wieviel Störstrahlung durch die Einrichtung für die kontaktlose elektrische Ueber¬ tragung abgestrahlt wird.The contactless transmission of energy, which is time-dependent electrical functions, brings along with the problem of the efficiency of the transmission also problems due to undesired radiation of electrical energy into the environment. This becomes relevant if, for example, an official approval depends on how much interference radiation is emitted by the device for the contactless electrical transmission.
In der Regel kann eine kontaktlose Uebertragung als eine Uebertragung zwischen einem Sender und einem Empfänger angesehen werden. Der Sen¬ der strahlt die zu übertragende Energie (Signale) in die Umgebung ab und der Empfänger nimmt von dieser Energie einen mehr oder weniger grossen Teil auf. Störstrahlung entsteht dann, wenn bspw. solch ein Sender zuviel Energie einer "störenden" Frequenz aussendet. Es ist nun Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Einrichtung anzugeben, gemäss welchem bei einer kontaktlosen Energieübertragung keine Störstrahlung abgegeben wird. Ferner ist es Ziel der Erfindung, einen einsatzbereiten Generator zu schaffen, der nur Energie aussendet, wenn gesichert ist, dass ein Empfänger (in seiner Nähe) die ausgesendete Energie mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad aufnimmt. Ein weiteres Ziel der Erfindung ist es, vom sender aus feststellen zu können, ob ein Empfänger mit dem Generator in Wechselwirkung steht oder nicht.As a rule, a contactless transmission can be viewed as a transmission between a sender and a receiver. The transmitter radiates the energy to be transmitted (signals) into the environment and the receiver absorbs a more or less large part of this energy. Interference radiation occurs when, for example, such a transmitter emits too much energy of a "disturbing" frequency. It is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device according to which no interference radiation is emitted in the case of contactless energy transmission. It is also an object of the invention to provide a ready-to-use generator which only emits energy if it is certain that a receiver (in its vicinity) will absorb the emitted energy with a high degree of efficiency. Another object of the invention is to be able to determine from the transmitter whether a receiver interacts with the generator or not.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil der unabhängigen Ansprüche definierten Erfindung gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention defined in the characterizing part of the independent claims.
Mit Hilfe der nachfolgend aufgeführten Figuren wird nun eine der mögli¬ chen Umsetzungen der Erfindung diskutiert.One of the possible implementations of the invention will now be discussed with the aid of the figures listed below.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch dargestellt einen Anwendungsfall der Erfin- düng,FIG. 1 schematically shows an application of the invention,
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch den Anwendungsfall gemäss Figur 1, ein elek¬ trisch passives Memo (M für Mobil) und einen elektrisch aktiven Generator (S für Stationär), die durch einen als gestrichelter Kasten dargestellter Koppler C temporär in einem Austauschver¬ hältnis verbunden sindFIG. 2 shows schematically the application according to FIG. 1, an electrically passive memo (M for mobile) and an electrically active generator (S for stationary), which are temporarily connected in an exchange relationship by a coupler C shown as a dashed box
Die Erfindung geht von folgender Grundidee aus. Ein Sender sendet nur dann keine Energie aus, wenn er ausgeschaltet, also nicht in Betrieb ist oder wenn er durch irgendeine Massnahme seine sämtliche ausgestrahlte Energie wieder zurückerhält, bevor sie den Sender verlässt. Während die erstgenannte Massnahme an sich möglich wäre, in dem man den Sender nur bei Gebrauch einschaltet, das heisst, wenn der Empfänger so positio- niert ist, dass er die abgestrahlte Energie aufnehmen kann, ist die zweite Massnahme interessanter, weil der Sender ständig in Betrieb ist und je¬ derzeit benützt werden kann. Die zweite Massnahme realisiert man durch das vollständige Reflektieren der ausgestrahlten Energie zurück in den Sender.The invention is based on the following basic idea. A transmitter only emits no energy if it is switched off, i.e. not in operation, or if it takes any measures to get all of its emitted energy back before it leaves the transmitter. While the first-mentioned measure would be possible by switching on the transmitter only when in use, that is, when the receiver is so positive. The second measure is more interesting because the transmitter is constantly in operation and can be used at any time. The second measure is implemented by fully reflecting the emitted energy back into the transmitter.
Gesucht ist also ein Schaltkreis oder Generator, der als Wellenleiter (An¬ tenne) und als Reflektor wirken kann und ein weiterer Schaltkreis, der als mobiler Empfänger wirken kann, derart, dass er nur unter bestimmten Umständen die vom Sender bzw. Generator abgestrahlte Energie aufnimmt. Zwischen Generator und Empfänger soll im Fall einer Energie- und/oder Informationsübertragung auch ein möglichst hoher Wirkungsgrad resultie¬ ren.What is sought is a circuit or generator that can act as a waveguide (antenna) and as a reflector and a further circuit that can act as a mobile receiver in such a way that it absorbs the energy emitted by the transmitter or generator only under certain circumstances . In the case of energy and / or information transmission, the highest possible efficiency should also result between generator and receiver.
Beim Auftreffen einer laufenden Welle auf eine Grenzfläche in einem Medium, bei der elektromagnetischen Welle ist dies eine Stossstelle in einem Uebertragungssystem, wird die Welle je nach Wellenwiderstand oder Anpassung entweder ungestört weitergeleitet oder teilweise bis total re¬ flektiert. Solche Reflexionen ergeben sich bei fehlangepassten Wellenwi¬ derständen. Während man in der Regel bestrebt ist, eine möglichst ideale Anpassung oder ideale Abschliessung zur Vermeidung von Reflexionen zu realisieren, ist hier nun das Gegenteil das Ziel, nämlich eine möglichst schlechte, die Welle vollständig reflektierende Anpassung zu erhalten. Eine solche Anpassung kann eine stehende Welle erzeugen, bei der keine Wel¬ lenausbreitung in den freien Raum stattfindet. Des weiteren soll das feh- langepasste Netzwerk im Gebrauchsfall aber auch eine ebenso totale Transmission zulassen, sodass es nicht nur als Reflektor, sondern auch als perfekter Wellenleiter (im Falle der Leitung von elektromagnetischen Wellen in den freien Raum als Antenne) wirken kann. Das Ueberleiten in den freien Raum, das heisst, das Senden, wird, gemäss der erfinderischen Idee, durch einen Anzapfvorgang oder eine Ankoppe- lung seitens des Empf ngers hervorgerufen. Die Anwesenheit des Empfän¬ gers schaltet das Netzwerk am Generator von Reflexion auf Transmission um. Die Unstetigkeit im Wellenwiderstand wird durch den Raum bewirkt, in welchen sich die elektromagnetischen Wellen ablösen müssten, was aber verhindert wird, wenn der Empfänger nicht in einem bestimmten Abstand zum Generator steht und damit die gewünschte Wechselwirkung eintreten kann.When a traveling wave strikes an interface in a medium, in the case of the electromagnetic wave this is a point of impact in a transmission system, the wave is either passed on undisturbed or partially or totally reflected, depending on the wave resistance or adaptation. Such reflections result from mismatched wave resistors. While efforts are usually made to achieve the ideal possible adaptation or ideal closure to avoid reflections, the opposite is the goal here, namely to obtain the worst possible adaptation that completely reflects the wave. Such an adaptation can produce a standing wave in which there is no wave propagation into free space. Furthermore, the misadjusted network should also allow total transmission in use, so that it can act not only as a reflector, but also as a perfect waveguide (in the case of directing electromagnetic waves into free space as an antenna). The transfer into free space, that is to say the transmission, is brought about, according to the inventive idea, by a tapping process or a coupling on the part of the recipient. The presence of the receiver switches the network on the generator from reflection to transmission. The discontinuity in the wave resistance is caused by the space in which the electromagnetic waves would have to detach, but this is prevented if the receiver is not at a certain distance from the generator and the desired interaction can therefore occur.
Ist das Ausgangsnetzwerk des Generators ein Schwingkreis (RLC), vor¬ zugsweise ein Parallelschwingkreis mit einer induktiven oder kapazitiven Koppelung, bspw. einer ferromagnetikafreien Induktivität L oder ggf. mittels Ferromagnetika im Koppelgrad angepasst, bzw. eine Piezoschwin- ger als Antennenteil, so wirkt dieser Abschluss bei richtiger Dimensϊonie- rung von L und C wie ein Reflektor. Der laufende Generator erzeugt am total reflektierenden Netzwerk eine Stehwelle. Das auf diese Art ausge¬ staltete Netzwerk im obengenannten Betriebsfall, ist auch unter dem Na- men Tankkreis bekannt, weil es fähig ist Energie "aufzutanken" und bereit zu halten. Man kann sich diesen Vorgang wie eine ständig laufende, unbe¬ lastete Generatorwelle (Leerlauf generator) vorstellen, die jederzeit ange¬ zapft werden kann. Es ist also kein Potentialspeicher als vielmehr ein dynamischer Zustand. Bei einer Stehwelle findet durch die Ueberlagerung der ausgesendeten und der reflektierten Wellen eine ständige Energieum¬ wandlung statt. Die Maxi a der elektrischen und der magnetischen Felder bei einer Stehwelle sind zeitlich um eine viertel Periode und räumlich um eine viertel Wellenlänge getrennt. Die Energie der beiden Felder oszilliert mit der Kreisfrequenz 2w harmonisch um ihren Mittelwert, einmal ist sie rein elektrisch, andermal rein magnetisch. Der Verlust ist also nur durch den ohm 'sehen Anteil des Netzwerkes bedingt, der durch die Energiequelle des Generators stets ausgeglichen wird. Koppelt man an den Generator einen gleichen oder ähnlich ausgelegten Schwingkreis an, wie er durch das Ausgangsnetzwerk des Generators ge¬ bildet ist, so schaltet die Reflexion des Generatornetzwerkes auf Trans¬ mission um und aus der Stehwelle wird spontan eine laufende Welle. Der Wirkungsgrad dieser Uebertragung ist hoch, ungefähr bei 80% und darüber. Das heisst also mit anderen Worten, der Empfänger weist ebenfalls einen die Sendeenergie aufpickenden Parallelschwingkreis der gleichen Dimensio¬ nierung auf. Werden Generator und Empfänger einander nahegebracht, findet die Uebertragung statt, werden sie getrennt, so hört die äussere Sendetätigkeit auf.If the output network of the generator is a resonant circuit (RLC), preferably a parallel resonant circuit with an inductive or capacitive coupling, for example a ferromagnetic-free inductance L or, if appropriate, adapted in the degree of coupling by means of ferromagnetics, or a piezo oscillator as the antenna part, this acts Completion with correct dimensioning of L and C like a reflector. The running generator generates a standing wave on the totally reflective network. The network designed in this way in the above-mentioned operating case is also known under the name of tank circuit because it is able to “fill up” energy and keep it ready. This process can be thought of as a constantly running, unloaded generator shaft (idle generator) which can be tapped at any time. So it is not a potential store but rather a dynamic state. In the case of a standing wave, a constant energy conversion takes place through the superimposition of the emitted and the reflected waves. The maxi a of the electric and magnetic fields in a standing wave are separated in time by a quarter period and spatially by a quarter wavelength. The energy of the two fields oscillates with the angular frequency 2w harmoniously around their mean value, at one time it is purely electrical, at other times purely magnetic. The loss is therefore only due to the ohmic portion of the network, which is always compensated for by the energy source of the generator. If an identical or similarly designed resonant circuit is coupled to the generator, as it is formed by the output network of the generator, the reflection of the generator network switches to transmission and the standing wave spontaneously becomes a running wave. The efficiency of this transmission is high, around 80% and above. In other words, this means that the receiver likewise has a parallel resonant circuit of the same dimensions, which picks up the transmission energy. If the generator and receiver are brought close to each other, the transmission takes place; if they are separated, the external transmission activity ceases.
Nebst Energie kann durch Modulation der Grundfrequenz auch Information übertragen werden. Figur 1 zeigt schematisch dargestellt einen Anwen- dungsfall der Erfindung, in welchem von einer datenverwaltenden zentra¬ len Stelle Betriebsenergie auf mobile Geräte übertragen wird, um gleich¬ zeitig einen Austausch von Daten durchzuführen. Die datenverwaltende, zentrale Stelle verfügt über die Betriebsenergie für alle mobilen Geräte und die Einrichtung gemäss Erfindung, der Koppler sorgt für die kontakt- lose Uebertragung von Energie und Daten derart, dass die sendende zen¬ trale Stelle keine Störstrahlung abgibt, wobei unter Störstrahlung die ein vorgeschriebenes Limit überschreitende Abstrahlung verstanden wird.In addition to energy, information can also be transmitted by modulating the fundamental frequency. FIG. 1 shows schematically an application of the invention, in which operating energy is transferred from a data-managing central point to mobile devices in order to carry out an exchange of data at the same time. The data-managing, central point has the operating energy for all mobile devices and the device according to the invention, the coupler ensures the contactless transmission of energy and data in such a way that the transmitting central point does not emit any interference radiation, the one under interference radiation radiation exceeding the prescribed limit is understood.
Figur 2 zeigt schematisch ein elektrisch passives Memo (M für Mobil) und einen elektrisch aktiven Generator (S für Stationär), die durch einen als gestrichelter Kasten dargestellter Koppler C temporär in einem Austausch¬ verhältnis verbunden sind. Die Memos sind in einer Mehrzahl Mj bis Mn vorhanden und die Generator in einer Mehrzahl Sj bis Sfc vorhanden, jedes dieser Geräte weist einen Schwingkreis (hier ein paralleler) von einer para- oder ferromagnetikafreien Induktivität und einer Kapazität auf. Alle Schwingkreise arbeiten im gleichen Frequenzbereich. Zwei Schwingkreise bilden unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Abstandes ihrer sensi¬ blen Zone (bspw. 5mm) einen Koppler C, über welchen Betriebsenergie und Daten übertragen werden. Die sensible Zone ist bspw. die Fläche der Spulenöffnung. Vorzugsweise wird eine ebene Printspule von bspw. 1 bis 2cm verwendet, die direkt unterhalb des Gehäuses aus einem für elektro¬ magnetische Felder durchlässigen Material angeordnet ist. Werden die sensiblen Zonen zweier Geräte aufeinander gelegt, so fügen sich die bei¬ den zu je einem Schwingkreis gehörenden Spule geometrisch zu einem elektrisch aktiven Koppler zusammen. Nach der Trennung hört der elek¬ trisch aktive Generator gleich auf zu senden, die Reflexion setzt ein, eine Stehwelle bildet sich an Stelle einer laufenden Welle und die Transmission verschwindet, Störstrahlung wird keine ausgesendet, es können sich keine elektromagnetischen Wellen ablösen. Ein neuerliches Annähern eines Schwingkreises stellt die "Symmetrie" wieder her, die Totalreflexion wird ähnlich wie beim Licht an der Grenzstelle gestört (dies gelingt bspw. mit einer Glasscheibe) und damit durchlässig gemacht. Der Tankkreis des Generators gibt seine Energie über den sich anschmiegenden und in Reso¬ nanz gebrachten Partnerschwingkreis an den digitalen Betriebsschaltkreis des Memos ab. Der Austausch kann (wieder) beginnen.FIG. 2 schematically shows an electrically passive memo (M for mobile) and an electrically active generator (S for stationary), which are temporarily connected in an exchange relationship by a coupler C shown as a dashed box. The memos are present in a plurality Mj to M n and the generators are present in a plurality Sj to Sfc, each of these devices has an oscillating circuit (here a parallel one) of a para- or ferromagnetic-free inductance and a capacitance. All resonant circuits operate in the same frequency range. Two resonant circuits form a coupler C below a predetermined distance of their sensitive zone (for example 5 mm), via which operating energy and Data is transferred. The sensitive zone is, for example, the area of the coil opening. A flat print spool of, for example, 1 to 2 cm is preferably used, which is arranged directly below the housing, made of a material that is permeable to electromagnetic fields. If the sensitive zones of two devices are placed one on top of the other, the two coils belonging to each resonant circuit are geometrically combined to form an electrically active coupler. After the separation, the electrically active generator stops transmitting immediately, the reflection begins, a standing wave is formed instead of a running wave and the transmission disappears, no interference radiation is emitted, no electromagnetic waves can detach. A new approach of a resonant circuit restores the "symmetry", the total reflection is disturbed similar to the light at the border point (this can be done with a glass pane, for example) and thus made transparent. The tank circuit of the generator delivers its energy to the digital operating circuit of the memo via the clinging and resonating partner resonant circuit. The exchange can begin (again).
Diese kontaktlose Kopplungseinrichtung kann mit jedem Abschlussnetzwerk für den Generator betrieben werden, das an eine Grenzfläche zur Erzie¬ lung einer Totalreflexion aufweist und welche Grenzfläche auf eine Weise störbar ist, dass eine gezielte Transmission mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad stattfinden kann. Das die transmittierte Energie aufnehmende Eingangs- netzwerk für den Empfänger, kann mit jedem Eingangsnetzwerk betrieben werden, das die total reflektierende Grenzfläche des Abschlussnetzwerks reversibel durchlässig macht. Als Abschlussnetzwerk wird ein Parallel¬ schwingkreis (Tankkreis) empfohlen und als Eingangsnetzwerk ein ebensol¬ cher, zusammen bilden sie ein Kopplungsnetzwerk. Der geometrische Auf- bau ist einfach: die Spule ist vorzugsweise eine ebene Printspule, die sehr kostengünstig in automatischer Fertigung hergestellt werden kann; der Kondensator ist handelsüblich und kann auf demselben Print angeordnet sein. Jeder am System partizipierender Geräteteil erhält also ein Abschluss- oder Eingangsnetzwerk, die gemäss diesem Beispiel denselben Aufbau haben und welche als Abschluss-/Eingangsnetzwerkpaare, temporär zusammengeführt, ein Kopplungsnetzwerk zur kontaktlosen Uebertragung von Energie bilden. Dies mit der obengenannten Qualität, dass keine Stör¬ strahlung aus dem Generator abgegeben wird.This contactless coupling device can be operated with any terminating network for the generator, which has an interface for generating total reflection and which interface can be disturbed in such a way that targeted transmission can take place with high efficiency. The input network absorbing the transmitted energy for the receiver can be operated with any input network which makes the totally reflecting interface of the terminating network reversibly transparent. A parallel resonant circuit (tank circuit) is recommended as the terminating network and a similar one as the input network, together they form a coupling network. The geometric structure is simple: the spool is preferably a flat print spool that can be produced very inexpensively in automatic production; the capacitor is commercially available and can be arranged on the same print. Each part of the device participating in the system thus receives a termination or input network, which in this example is the same Have structure and which, as termination / input network pairs, temporarily merged, form a coupling network for the contactless transmission of energy. This with the above-mentioned quality that no interference radiation is emitted from the generator.
Diese Qualität, die von der gezielten Bildung von Steh- und Laufwellen herrührt, kann auch zur Detektion von mobilen Stationen herangezogen werden. Im Betrieb des Generators lässt sich durch eine Leistungsmessung feststellen, ob eine Steh- oder Lauf welle vorhanden ist. Bei einer Steh¬ welle findet keine Uebertragung statt, bei einer Laufwelle ist ein Kopp¬ lungsnetzwerk gebildet worden. Diese Detektionsfähigkeit lässt sich im Gesamtbetrieb sinnvoll einsetzen, bspw. für eine Geräterückgabekontrolle. This quality, which results from the targeted formation of standing and running waves, can also be used for the detection of mobile stations. When the generator is in operation, a power measurement can be used to determine whether there is a standing or running shaft. No transmission takes place in the case of a standing shaft, and a coupling network has been formed in the case of a running shaft. This detection capability can be used sensibly in the overall operation, for example for a device return control.

Claims

P A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H EP A T E N T A N S P R Ü C H E
1. Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Uebertragung von elektrischer Energie unter Vermeidung einer Störstrahlung, gekenn¬ zeichnet durch die Ausgestaltung eines Ueberstragungssy- stems mit einer Kopplungseinrichtung derart, dass jedes Abschlussnetzwerk für den Generator eine Grenzfläche 5 oder Stossstelle zur Erzielung einer Totalreflexion aufweist und welche Grenzfläche im Uebertragungssystem auf eine Weise störbar ist, dass eine gezielte Transmission mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad stattfinden kann und dass das die transmittierte Energie aufnehmende Eingangsnetzwerk 10 für den Empfänger die total reflektierende Grenzfläche des Abschlussnetzwerks reversibel durchlässig macht.1. Method for the contactless transmission of electrical energy while avoiding interference radiation, characterized by the design of a transmission system with a coupling device in such a way that each terminating network for the generator has an interface 5 or joint for achieving total reflection and which interface in the transmission system can be disturbed in such a way that a targeted transmission can take place with a high degree of efficiency and that the input network 10 absorbing the transmitted energy reversibly transmits the totally reflecting interface of the termination network to the receiver.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 15 im Abschlussnetzwerk des Generators eine Stehwelle er¬ zeugt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 15 a standing wave is generated in the terminating network of the generator.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 20 durch das Einführen des Eingangsnetzwerks eines Empf n¬ gers in den Koppelbereich des Uebertragungssystems die Stehwelle in eine Laufwelle überführt wird.Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the standing wave is converted into a running wave by introducing the input network of a receiver into the coupling area of the transmission system.
2525
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kopplung zwischen Generatoraus- gangsnetzwerk und Empfängereingangsnetzwerk eine induk¬ tive ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coupling between generator gears network and receiver input network is an inductive.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kopplung zwischen Generator¬ ausgangsnetzwerk und Empfängereingangsnetzwerk eine kapazitive ist.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the coupling between the generator output network and the receiver input network is a capacitive.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch 10 gekennzeichnet, dass als Abschlussnetzwerk ein Parallel¬ schwingkreis (Tankkreis) und als Eingangsnetzwerk ein ebensolcher verwendet wird und dass sie zur kontaktlosen Energieübertragung zu einem Kopplungsnetzwerk zusam¬ mengeführt werden. 156. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a parallel resonant circuit (tank circuit) is used as the terminating network and the same is used as the input network and that they are brought together to form a coupling network for contactless energy transmission. 15
Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Uebertragung von elektri¬ scher Energie ohne Generierung einer Störspannung, da¬ durch gekennzeichnet, dass das Abschlussnetzwerk des 20 Generators ein Schwingkreis ist und dass das Eingangs¬ netzwerk des Empfängers ein Schwingkreis ist.Device for the contactless transmission of electrical energy without generating an interference voltage, characterized in that the terminating network of the generator is an oscillating circuit and that the input network of the receiver is an oscillating circuit.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 25 dass der Koppelgrad der Spule/n des/der Schingkreises/- Schwingkreise mittels f erromagnetischer Mittel beeinf lusst ist.Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the degree of coupling of the coil (s) of the oscillating circuit (s) is influenced by means of ferromagnetic means.
Vorrichtung nach einem der Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch 30 gekennzeichnet, dass die Spule vorzugsweise eine ebene Printspule ist. 10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kondensator auf demselben Print angeordnet ist.Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the coil is preferably a flat print coil. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the capacitor is arranged on the same print.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur kapazitiven Ankoppelung ein Piezoschwinger vorgesehen ist.11. Device according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that a piezoelectric oscillator is provided for capacitive coupling.
12. System mit einer Mehrzahl von Geräten zur kontaktlosen 1012. System with a plurality of devices for contactless 10th
Datenerfassung, bestehend aus elektrisch aktiven und elek¬ trisch passiven Geräten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder am System partizipierender Geräteteil ein Abschluss¬ netzwerk mit totalreflektierenden Eigenschaften oder ein Eingangsnetzwerk mit der Fähigkeit temporär und reversi- 15 bei die totalreflektierenden Eigenschaften eines Abschluss¬ netzwerkes aufzuheben und eine Transmission zu bewirken aufweist.Data acquisition, consisting of electrically active and electrically passive devices, characterized in that each part of the device participating in the system has a termination network with totally reflecting properties or an input network with the ability to temporarily and reversibly cancel the total reflecting properties of a termination network and has to cause transmission.
2020th
13. System nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Abschlussnetzwerk und ein Eingangsnetzwerk den gleichen Aufbau haben, bzw. weitgehend identisch sind und zusammen ein Kopplungsnetzwerk bilden.13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that a termination network and an input network have the same structure or are largely identical and together form a coupling network.
2525
14. System nach einem der Ansprüche 12 oder 13, dadurch ge¬ kennzeichnet, dass Mittel im Generator vorhanden sind, mit denen sich feststellen lässt, ob eine Steh- oder Lauf¬ welle vorhanden ist. 30 14. System according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized ge indicates that means are present in the generator with which it can be determined whether a standing or running shaft is present. 30
PCT/CH1989/000070 1988-04-28 1989-04-12 Electric transmission device WO1989010651A1 (en)

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CH159288 1988-04-28
CH1592/88-7 1988-04-28

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US6439009B1 (en) 1996-12-17 2002-08-27 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Door with a lock and a plurality of doors with corresponding locks and a method of installation of a door with a lock
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EP0468397A1 (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-01-29 Pfister Messtechnik GmbH Measurement line for railway vehicles
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US11296557B2 (en) 2017-05-30 2022-04-05 Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Llc Single feed multi-pad wireless charging
US11621586B2 (en) 2017-05-30 2023-04-04 Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Llc Single feed multi-pad wireless charging
US11462943B2 (en) 2018-01-30 2022-10-04 Wireless Advanced Vehicle Electrification, Llc DC link charging of capacitor in a wireless power transfer pad
RU199452U1 (en) * 2020-05-15 2020-09-02 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ЦЕНТР «ТОР-ТЕХНО» Power transmission device

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KR900701073A (en) 1990-08-17
JPH02504100A (en) 1990-11-22
AU3359989A (en) 1989-11-24
EP0366739A1 (en) 1990-05-09

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