Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
  • A61K31/205—Amine addition salts of organic acids; Inner quaternary ammonium salts, e.g. betaine, carnitine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K20/10—Organic substances
  • A23K20/174—Vitamins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
  • Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of pet food com ⁇ positions and more specifically to pet food enriched with L-Carnitine.
• L-Carnitine is a quaternary amine that promotes beta- oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by facilitating their transfer across the mitochondrial membrane. L-Carnitine has also been shown to promote oxidation of branched-chain amino acids and the utilization of acetyl-coenzy e A.
• L-Carnitine concentration in cardiac and skeletal muscle is much higher than in serum. In these tissues fatty acids are utilized as a major source of energy. Because of L-Carnitine's central role in transporting fatty acids to the site of oxidation, adequate levels of L-Carnitine are required for normal fatty acid and energy metabolism in mammalian hearts. This is evi ⁇ denced by the restoration to normal of fatty acid oxidation in muscle homogenates of certain L-Carnitine deficient patients. A relationship between deficient levels of myocardial L-Carnitine and cardiomyopathy has been observed in both hamsters and dogs. Restoration toward normal of such deficient L-Carnitine levels has been shown to result in improved myocardial function in both species.
• L-Carnitine is derived from the diet and from biosynthesis in the liver, and in some species, kidney and other tissues. Neither cardiac nor skeletal muscle is capable of synthesizing L-Carnitine, however. Thus, the L- Carnitine found in these tissues was either absorbed from the diet or biosynthesized endogenously by other tissues.
• the present invention is for a method of preventing diet-induced carnitine deficiency in domesticated dogs and cats using a dietary supplement containing a prophylactic amount of L-Carnitine.
• the invention is useful in prevent ⁇ ing L-Carnitine deficiencies which can lead to a multitude of conditions, including myopathic heart disease, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, ketosis, muscle weakness and premature aging. Pets, particularly the carnivores, are at great risk for developing L-Carnitine deficiencies.
• Table 1 indicates, dog and cat foods are extremely low in free L- Carnitine levels as compared with that found in raw ground beef. Most pets are maintained strictly on commercial pet food diets and are thus kept chronically deficient in L- Carnitine. This results in a diet-induced carnitine deficiency.
• Example 1 Six apparently healthy Greyhound dogs were determined to be normal by physical examination, fecal flotation, complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, ECG, and echocardio- graphy. They were fed a standard commercial dog food diet free choice for a one-month control period. Control plasma samples (as well as subsequent test samples) were obtained following an eight-hour fast on two consecutive days for analysis of total, free, and esterified L-Carnitine concentra ⁇ tion. The average of the plasma L-Carnitine concentration on two consecutive days was taken for each dog and each measuring period. Following the control period, all of the dogs were continued for two weeks on the standard commercial dog food diet supplemented with L-Carnitine.
• the L-Carnitine supplement was in the form of 0.5kg per dog per day of raw frozen lean ground beef. This was equivalent to a daily supplement of 350 mg. of L-Carnitine per dog. Plasma samples were drawn on days 7 and 8 (averaged for the one- week measurement) and days 13 and 14 (averaged for the two- week measurement) for L-Carnitine analysis. Differences between the means of each test period and control were determined by the Student's t test.
• Control is after 1 month of commercial dog food only. Week 1 and 2 a after 1 and 2 weeks of ground beef supplementation (0.5kg/day/do respectively.
• the data in Table 2 indicates that the plasma L- Carnitine concentration of a normal, otherwise healthy dog, previously maintained on a commercial pet food diet, is substantially deficient in carnitine as compared with the plasma carnitine levels found in other mammals.
• the mean value of plasma total carnitine is 59.3 ⁇ 11.9 ⁇ M for males and 51.5 ⁇ 11.6 ⁇ M for females.
• C.J. Rebouche and D.J. Paulson Carnitine Metabolism and Function in Humans, 6 Ann. Rev. Nutr. pp. 41-66, at page 45.
• plasma carnitine concentration averages 56.5 ⁇ 2.2 ⁇ M.
• P.R. Borum "Regulation of the Carnitine Con ⁇ centration in Plasma" in Carnitine Biosynthesis. Meta ⁇ bolism, and Functions, 1980, Academic Press, New York, at page 119.
• the data of Table 2 indicates that the plasma total L-Carnitine concentration is significantly increased if the animal's diet is supplemented with L-Carnitine and that such level stabilizes in a range that is considered normal when compared with the plasma carnitine levels of other mammals. See Rebouche, supra, and Borum, supra.
• a prophylactic amount is the amount of L-Carnitine required to prevent the animal from developing a diet-induced carnitine deficiency. For a carnivore, such as a dog or cat, this is roughly equivalent to the amount of L- Carnitine the animal would ingest if its diet consisted of red meat, i.e., approximately 700 mg. of L-Carnitine per kilogram of food consumed.
• meat or meat by-products may be used other than raw frozen lean ground beef.
• These meat or meat by ⁇ products may be heat processed, dried or frozen and are suitable substitutes provided such meat or meat by-products have an L-Carnitine concentration in the range of 0.2 to 2.0 grams L-Carnitine per kilogram.
• the term "meat” is understood to apply not only to the flesh of cattle, but also that of other mammals, poultry and fish.
• the term “meat by-products" is intended to refer to those non- rendered parts of the carcass of slaughtered animals including but not restricted to mammals, poultry and the like.
• L-Carnitine such as that obtained from Austin Chemical Company, Inc. , 9655 West Bryn Mawr Avenue, Rosemont, Illinois.
• L-Carnitine supplements may be administered separately in the form of dietary supplements or they may be added at the time of manufacture of the commercial dog food as an additional ingredient in the commercial dog food. If used as a separate dietary supplement, the L- Carnitine may be combined with other valuable nutritional or prophylactic substances. Examples of this would be a combination of L-Carnitine with a vitamin and mineral preparation. Another example would be the inclusion of a prophylactic amount of L-Carnitine with an anti-heartworm medication such as diethyl-carbamazine.
• the L-Carnitine supplement may also be administered as a liquid preparation.
• L-Carnitine is extremely soluble in water.
• Such a liquid preparation may be prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of L-Carnitine in a waterbased solution. " Flavoring agents or other nutritional or prophylactic substances may likewise be combined in the solution.
• the liquid preparation may be administered to the pet separately as a dietary supplement. It may be added to the pet's drinking water or to the animal's food. Further, the concentration of L-Carnitine in the liquid preparation may be such that it may be easily measured out and the prophylactic amount administered to the animal daily.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Diabetes (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Obesity (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Endocrinology (AREA)
• Emergency Medicine (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (7)

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Citations (6)

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• 1988
  • 1988-04-29 US US07/187,870 patent/US4883672A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1989
  • 1989-04-27 CA CA000597946A patent/CA1336505C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 JP JP1505924A patent/JP2926820B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 DE DE68922064T patent/DE68922064T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 EP EP89905904A patent/EP0365664B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1989-04-28 AU AU35714/89A patent/AU640610B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1989-04-28 WO PCT/US1989/001808 patent/WO1989010065A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (6)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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