WO1989000881A1

WO1989000881A1 - Filter

Info

Publication number: WO1989000881A1
Application number: PCT/AT1988/000059
Authority: WO
Inventors: Alfred Van Der Meulen
Original assignee: Polak, Sonja
Priority date: 1987-08-04
Filing date: 1988-08-03
Publication date: 1989-02-09
Also published as: HU205276B; CS274471B2; CS540988A2; ATA196787A; EP0377602A1; HUT53554A; HU884713D0; YU46474B; AT389458B; ES2007982A6; YU149988A; PL274067A1; BG91094A

Abstract

A filter for removing impurities from liquid media such as lubricating oils, fuels for internal combustion engines, hydraulic fluids or similar, comprises a housing (1) composed of a plurality of parts (1', 1'', 1'''). Between adjacent parts, one of which has an intake chamber (3) for the impure medium and the other of which has an outlet chamber (5) for the purified medium, is arranged a filter sieve (2) which interconnects the intake chamber (3) and the outlet chamber (5). These chambers are also interconnected by a bypass channel (7) containing a safety valve (8) which opens in the event of overpressure in the intake chamber (3) and in so doing actuates an electric switch which activates a display and/or switching device.

Description

filter

The invention relates to a filter for the removal of Verun¬ Cleaner out, in particular liquid media such as lubricating oils, Kraft¬ materials for internal combustion engines, hydraulic fluids or the like., With a group consisting of at least two parts of the housing, in ^'which at least one the to Inflow chamber containing cleaning medium and at least one outflow chamber containing the cleaned medium are provided, wherein the inflow chamber is connected to at least one outflow chamber via at least one filter element and additionally via a bypass channel bridging the filter element, in which a Overpressure in the inflow chamber opening safety valve is arranged, which is connected to a triggering element when opened for a display and / or switching device.

It is known that, for example, impurities in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines cause increased wear and a reduction in the efficiency of these machines. Contamination in the fuel for internal combustion engines can lead to blockages in the carburetor nozzles or, in the case of direct injection, in the injection nozzles and thus to malfunctions in the operation of the internal combustion engine. Contaminations in hydraulic fluids also frequently cause malfunctions in the hydraulic system.

It is therefore known to pass these liquid media through a filter in which the solid contaminants such as dirt, metal particles or the like. be held back. Common filters for lubricating oils consist of fiber material through which the lubricating oil is passed, the solid components being retained by the fiber material. However, such filters have a number of disadvantages. It is not possible to ^" filter out fine particles with these filters, but rather only solids with a maximum size of 30 to 40 μ can be filtered out. Furthermore, with these known filters it often happens that the paper insert supporting the fiber material tears in in which case the medium to be cleaned emerges from the filter uncleaned next filter change, so that, under certain circumstances, uncleaned lubricating oil reaches the lubrication points and uncleaned fuel reaches the injection nozzles over a long period of time.

Furthermore, a frequent filter change is required when using such filters made of fiber material. The filters already used must be destroyed, which is an environmental burden.

In order to avoid that only a reduced amount arrives at a clogging of the filter or no ^■ to be cleaned the liquid medium in the outflow chamber ^", so that for example the lubrication points of an internal combustion engine to little lubricating oil, maintain or passes too little fuel to the injection pump of the engine, it has already been proposed to bypass the filter element by a bypass channel which connects the inflow chamber to the outflow chamber - and in which a safety valve is opened when an overpressure occurs in the inflow chamber. The overpressure in the inflow chamber increases, if, due to a blockage in the filter arrangement, the medium conveyed to the inflow chamber cannot flow through it, or cannot flow through it in sufficient quantities. By opening the safety valve, uncleaned medium reaches the outflow chamber via the bypass channel, but this disadvantage can be tolerated if the period is not too long. To ensure this, display and / or switching devices have already been proposed (DE-OS 20 42 617, US Pat. No. 4,038,198) which respond when the safety valve is opened.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a filter which has a very long service life, ie does not have to be changed frequently, but only has to be cleaned, so that there is no environmental impairment caused by used filter elements to be supplied. It is a further object of the present invention to ensure that even very small solids are filtered out, so that a high degree of purity of the filtered medium is ensured, but this can be varied in a simple manner depending on the requirements.

Finally, it is an object of the invention to provide a filter in which a very large possibility of variation is made possible by combining various housing parts with filter elements arranged in between.

To achieve these objects, the invention proposes, starting from a filter of the type described in the introduction, that the filter element consists of a filter screen which is located in the separating plane between adjacent ones Housing parts is arranged and forms at least part of the partition between an inflow chamber and an outflow chamber.

The fact that the filter element consists of a sieve makes it possible to set the desired degree of purity of the filter according to the invention in a simple manner. It is only necessary to use a filter screen with the desired mesh size. If the desired degree of purity is to be changed, it is only necessary to replace the previously used screen with one with a larger or smaller mesh size. The use of • sieves therefore has a significant advantage. The disadvantage of using such screens, however, is that the screen openings are easily clogged and that the filter can no longer function properly. This disadvantage can be eliminated by the fact that the bypass channel with the safety valve and a display and / or switching device is now provided.

Another advantage that results from the use of sieves as filter elements is that it is possible to arrange these sieves in the plane between adjacent housing parts in such a way that they cover at least part of the partition between an inflow chamber arranged in one housing part and form an outflow chamber arranged in the other housing part. This not only facilitates the arrangement and exchange of the sieves and enables simple fixing by connecting the adjacent housing parts, but above all this design has the considerable advantage that the filter according to the invention is constructed according to a kit system, so that different filters are put together from different basic elements of the housing and the filters can thereby be designed according to the requirements.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filter screen, preferably in the center, has an opening through which the bypass channel, sealed off from the screen openings, extends. As a result, the bypass channel can be accommodated in a simple manner and forms a direct connection between the inflow chamber and outflow chamber. In the case of lubricating oil, for example, the main amount of lubricating oil is often only roughly cleaned and only a portion of the lubricating oil to be cleaned is branched off in the bypass flow and subjected to fine cleaning. In practice, this process has proven to be sufficient for the required cleaning of the total amount of lubricating oil. In this type of cleaning, the arrangement is expediently such that two outflow chambers are provided in the housing, both of which are connected to a single inflow chamber via a filter screen and one of which is in a main flow and one in a secondary flow of the cleaning medium and that only one filter sieve, preferably the filter sieve located in the main flow, is bridged by a bypass channel. The arrangement of this bypass channel in the main flow ensures that an amount sufficient to supply the connected machine is always conveyed via the main flow. However, the delivery of a certain amount in the bypass flow is not critical. The arrangement of a bypass Kaπales for bridging the other filter screen is also not required, since both filter screens provides comparable from a common inlet chamber with the cleaned to ^"medium, and therefore the arrangement of a single, this single Zu¬ strömkammer connected with a outflow chamber Bypass channel is sufficient.

A spatially advantageous arrangement results in this configuration if, according to the invention, the two outflow chambers are arranged adjacent to the two opposite sides of the inflow chamber.

A further improvement in the degree of purity can be achieved in that at least one outflow chamber is connected to a heated evaporation chamber. Instead of the heating or in addition to this, the evaporation chamber can also be connected to a vacuum device. In this evaporation chamber, which is known per se and which is described in connection with a filter insert made of fiber material for removing the solid impurities, is carried out by heating or by connection to a vacuum device which prevents the formation of a negative pressure caused in the evaporation chamber, an evaporation of in which can not be removed to be cleaned and the water medium contained the -flüchtig ^'s components contained in the medium to be cleaned, so those components through the filter.

In the drawing, the invention is explained schematically using exemplary embodiments. Fig.l shows a filter according to the invention with a single inflow chamber and a single outflow chamber. FIG. 2 also shows in section a further embodiment of the filter according to the invention with two outflow chambers. FIG Section of a filter according to the invention with two outflow chambers, one of these outflow chambers being designed as an evaporation chamber.

The filter shown in Fig. 1 has a housing 1, which consists of two parts 1 ', 1 ". In the separating plane between the two parts 1'.l" there is a filter screen 2. In the housing part 1' there is an inflow chamber 3, which is connected via a connecting piece 4 to a feed line for the liquid to be cleaned, for example lubricating oil.

In the housing part 1 "there is an outflow chamber 5 which is connected to a connecting piece 6 for the discharge of the cleaned liquid medium.

The filter screen 2 is located in the plane between the two housing parts 1 ′, 1 ″, thus forming the partition between the inflow chamber 3 and the outflow chamber 5 ^′ . The medium supplied via the connecting piece 4 of the inflow chamber 3 thus passes through the filter screen 2, where the contamination of this medium is removed, and reaches the outflow chamber 5, from where it is discharged via the connecting piece 6.

Arranged between the inflow chamber 3 and the outflow chamber 5 is a bypass channel 7 bridging the filter screen 2, in which a safety valve 8 is provided which opens when an overpressure occurs in the inflow chamber 3. This safety valve 8, which consists of a cooperating with a valve seat, the closing member forming ball 9, thus allows a transfer of the medium to be cleaned from the inflow chamber 3 in the outflow chamber 5 when the openings of the filter screen 2 are moved and therefore none or only one insufficient quantity of the medium to be cleaned reaches the outflow chamber 5 via this filter screen.

The safety valve 8 actuates an electrical switch 10 which is connected via a line (not shown) to a display and / or switching device (also not shown). When the safety valve 8 responds, an optical or acoustic alarm is triggered via this device or, if necessary with a certain time delay, a switching operation is carried out automatically, that device, for example in the case of lubricating oil to be cleaned, the internal combustion engine to be lubricated or, in the case of fuel to be cleaned, the injection pump influences this internal combustion engine. This prevents a large amount of unpurified Medium passes through the bypass channel 7.

The bypass channel 7 passes through an opening 11 in the center of the filter screen 2 and is sealed off from the screen openings.

The embodiment according to FIG. 2 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that the housing 1 consists of three housing parts l ', l ^ιr , l "'. The inflow chamber 3 is arranged in the middle housing part l ¹ and again via a connecting piece 4 is connected to a supply line for the medium to be cleaned. In each of the two housing parts 1 ", 1"'there is an outflow chamber 5', 5 ".. Each of the two outflow chambers has a connecting piece 6 ', 6" for the discharge of the cleaned The transfer of this medium from the single inflow chamber 3 into ^" the two outflow chambers 5 ', 5" takes place via two filter screens 2', 2 ", which are again in the separating levels between the housing parts ^' l ', l", l "' are arranged and form the partition between the inflow chamber 3 and the two outflow chambers 5 ", 5".

The main flow of the medium to be cleaned is passed via the filter screen 2 "into the outflow chamber 5", a secondary flow through the "filter screen 2 'into the outflow chamber 5'.

In this embodiment, only the filter screen 2 "is bridged by a bypass channel 7, in which a safety valve 8 is again provided. The design of the safety valve 8 corresponds to that in FIG. 1. Here too, the safety valve 8 actuates an electrical switch 10 when it responds, the at its closing activates the display and / or switching device. in the Ausführuπgsform to Fig.3 1 the housing consists of four housing parts 1 ', 1 ", 1"', 1. the inlet chamber 3 is located in the housing part l ^1. the The medium to be cleaned is again fed through a connecting piece 4. From the inflow chamber 3, the medium to be cleaned passes through two filter sieves 2a ', 2b ^{1 connected} in series to a first outflow chamber 5'. The two filter sieves 2a ', 2b' are through a spacer 11 The filter screen 2a 'is coarse-meshed and retains the larger impurities, the filter screen 2b' has a smaller one Mesh size and retains the smaller impurities. The main flow of the medium to be cleaned is discharged from the outflow chamber 5 'through the connecting piece 6'. A branched side stream flows from the outflow chamber 5 'via the filter screen 2 "into the second outflow chamber 5". The outflow chamber 5 ″ is with the inflow chamber 3 again connected via the bypass channel 7, in which the safety valve 8 is arranged, which actuates the electrical switch 10.

From the outflow chamber 5 ', the medium cleaned by means of the filter screen 2 "passes via a channel 12 into an evaporation chamber 13, in which the volatile impurities, which, for example due to the fact that they form an acid, cause increased wear, are eliminated by evaporation This evaporation chamber has an evaporation plate 14 with a stepped surface, on which the medium to be cleaned spreads and along which this medium runs downwards. The evaporation chamber 13 is connected to a vacuum device via a vacuum connection 15, as a result of which a vacuum in the evaporation chamber 13 This negative pressure causes the water contained in the liquid medium to be cleaned and the ^" other volatile impurities ^" contained in this medium to evaporate and to be drawn off via the negative pressure connection 15. This also eliminates this water and these volatile components.

The cleaned medium is discharged through the connecting piece 16 connected to the evaporation chamber 13. Instead of connecting the evaporation chamber 13 to the vacuum device or additionally, the evaporation chamber 13 can be heated. This heating can be carried out, for example, by electrically heated heating elements 17 or a heating mat, not shown, embedded in the step-shaped surface, but also in that the medium to be cleaned, when heated, for example the warm lubricating oil of a Breππkraftmaschiπe, before entering the Inflow chamber 3 is passed through heating coils arranged in the evaporation chamber 13.

In all of the exemplary embodiments shown, one or more filter screens 2, 2 ', 2 "can be replaced by two or more than two filter screens connected in series, as shown in FIG. 3 for the filter screens 2a', 2b- 'connected in series Mesh size of these series-connected filter sieves separated by spacers is graded, and is so large for the sieve with the largest mesh size, for example, that solids in the order of 80μ, for sieve with the smallest mesh size, for example, so large that solids in the order of be held back.

Claims

Claims:

1. Filters for the removal of impurities, in particular liquid media, such as lubricating oils, fuels for internal combustion engines, hydraulic fluids or the like, with a housing (1) consisting of at least two parts (l ¹ .l ^ ") in the at least one the inflow chamber (3) containing the medium to be cleaned and at least one outflow chamber (5,5 ', 5 ") containing the cleaned medium are provided, the inflow chamber (3) having at least one outflow chamber (5, 5', 5") over at least a filter element and, in addition, are connected to one another via a bypass channel (7) bridging the filter element, in which a safety valve (8) which opens when an overpressure occurs in the inflow chamber (3) and which is connected to a triggering element (10 ) for a display and / or switching device, characterized in that the filter element consists of a filter screen (2) which is in the separating plane e is arranged between adjacent housing parts (1 ', 1 ", 1"') and forms at least part of the partition between an inflow chamber (3) and an outflow chamber (5).

2. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter screen (2), preferably in the center, has an opening through which the bypass channel (7) seals against the Sieböffπungeπ, extends.

3. Filter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the housing (1) two Abströmkammerπ (5 ', 5 ") are provided, both via a filter screen (2', 2") with a single inflow chamber (3) are connected, and one of which is in a main flow and one in a secondary flow of the medium to be cleaned, and that only one filter screen (2 "), preferably the filter screen located in the main flow, is bridged by a bypass channel (7).

4. Filter according to claim 3, characterized in that the two Abströmkammerπ (5 ', 5 ") are adjacent to the two opposite sides of the inflow chamber (3).

5. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one outflow chamber (5 ") is connected to a heated evaporation chamber (13).

6. Filter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one Abstrcrnkcrmer (5 ") is connected to a Verdaτpfungskaτπιer (13) which is connected to a vacuum device.