WO1989000089A1

WO1989000089A1 - Process and device for turning of workpieces

Info

Publication number: WO1989000089A1
Application number: PCT/HU1988/000046
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gyula Kis-Benedek
Original assignee: Kis Benedek Gyula
Priority date: 1987-06-29
Filing date: 1988-06-29
Publication date: 1989-01-12
Also published as: KR930009449B1; JPH02500351A; KR890701253A; EP0324824A1; HU198867B

Abstract

The invention concerns a process and a device for turning of workpieces. The essence of the process is that during the turning, the edge of the cutting tool is, either rotated about an axis of rotation parallel to that of the workpiece within a section delimited by the end points of an arc of a circle which intersects the cross-section of the workpiece, or moved along a straight line lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (O1) of the workpiece (1) but nevertheless intersecting the cross-section of the workpiece (1). The device is characterized in that the carriage for chucking the cutting tool (2) and moving it relative to the axis of rotation of the workpiece (1) can be rotated about an axis of rotation (O) perpendicular to the axis of rotation (O1) of a spindle (9) suitable for chucking the workpiece, or can be slid in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (O1) of the workpiece (1) along a straight line inclined with respect to the axis of rotation (O1) of the workpiece.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TURNING WORKPIECES

The invention relates to a method for turning workpieces, wherein the workpiece (s) is / are / are / are preferably rotated about its center line / their center lines / and / by means of a cutting tool or a plurality of cutting tools in a direction parallel to and / or to the axis of rotation of the workpiece / the workpieces. or vertical direction is / are processed.

The invention further relates to a device for turning workpieces, one for rotating the workpiece / the workpieces / about its axis of rotation / about its axes of rotation / a suitable drive motor, a spindle or several spindles for clamping the workpiece / the workpieces / and one for clamping and in relation to the axis of rotation of the workpiece / the workpieces / the movement of the cutting tool / the cutting tools / suitable slide.

It is generally known that the automatic lathes currently used are manufactured for one task at a time. Among the single-spindle machines, the long-turning machines have the tools that can be moved in the radial direction directly in front of the guide sleeve provided with a hard metal insert. The longitudinal feed movement is carried out by the workpiece together with the Spindle housing made. These machines are primarily used for machining long / a large ratio of 1 to d / workpieces.

With the parting-off machines, parting-off chisels that work simultaneously or in succession and that perform a insertion movement are carried out. These machines do not have a longitudinal feed, they are generally suitable for machining short profile workpieces with a small diameter.

In the automatic turret machines, the longitudinal machining of tools clamped in the turret head is carried out, while the grooving and parting off operations are carried out on tools attached to cross-sections. These machines are primarily used for rod work.

In the multi-spindle machines, the main spindles perform a rotary movement and rotate in sections around a central puncture. The longitudinal machining, internal turning and tapping tools, as well as the stop are clamped in a tool holder that can be mounted on the central common slide, while the grooving and parting tools are mounted on the side slides. A separate side slide is assigned to each spindle. These machines are suitable for the mass production of simple shaped workpieces.

In all of these processing machines, the edges of the tools work in a plane that passes through the axes of rotation of the workpieces, for example in the Grooving or parting off the tools are moved along a straight line perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, or parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece during longitudinal turning.

The aim of the invention is to develop a method and an automatic lathe suitable for carrying out the method, which are suitable for carrying out all operations on a single machine and which ensures the same quality with respect to the quality of each operation as that of the single-purpose machines mentioned separately achievable quality.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the machining edge of the tools, apart from a movement along a straight line parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece along an outer surface of the workpiece to be machined, at most as far as the cutting depth or along a straight line A circle or an arc with a center point deviating from the intersection of the axis of rotation of the workpiece is moved such that the intersection of the axis of rotation of the workpiece with the machining plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece is closer to the edge of the cutting tool than the center point of the path of the tool forming circle or arc, in this case all operations can be carried out using a single device.

The essence of the method according to the invention is that during processing the edge of the cutting tool (s) /

a) about one to the axis of rotation / axes of rotation / of the workpiece / of the workpieces / parallel axis within a section / within sections / which / are / which are / are / limited / by / by the end points of the / the / the cross section / the cross sections / of the workpiece / the workpieces / intersecting circular arc / circular arcs becomes,

b) or in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation / the pre-axes / the workpiece / the workpieces / along a straight line / along straight lines / which is / are skewed to the axis of rotation / the axis of rotation / the workpiece / the workpieces / and the Cross-section / the cross-sections / of the workpiece / the workpieces / cuts / cut /, is moved within a section / within sections / which / which / are / in the cross-section / the cross-sections / of the workpiece / the workpieces /.

The essence of the device according to the invention is that the slide is rotatable about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation / axes of rotation / the spindle / spindles / spindles / spindles / suitable for clamping the workpiece / the workpieces, or in an axis parallel to the axis of rotation / to the axes of rotation / of the workpiece / the workpieces / vertical plane is designed to be displaceable along a straight line forming a axis to the axis of rotation / the axes of rotation / the workpiece / the workpieces / skewed straight line.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawing.

The drawing shows:

1 shows a kinematic diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in a position in which the edge of the tool reaches the workpiece, 2 shows the kinematic diagram according to FIG. 1 in such a position in which the tool ends the machining,

3 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention in a multi-spindle design,

4 a spindle of the device according to FIG. 3 or a spindle of a single-spindle device in section with arrangement of the collets of the spindle,

5 shows the arrangement of the working cylinders suitable for actuating the collets according to FIG. 4.

In the kinematic scheme of the method according to the invention in FIGS. 1 and 2, a workpiece 1 rotates about an axis of rotation 0 ₁ . A ring slide 3 carrying a tool 2 suitable for machining can be designed such that it can be moved in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 0 _{1 of} the workpiece 1 along a straight line forming a straight line to the axis of rotation 0 _{1 in} such a way that the edge moves of the tool 2 located in the ring slide 3 moves along a straight line intersecting the cross section of the workpiece 1. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the ring slide 3 cannot be moved along a straight line / that is to say along a circle, the center of which is infinitely far away, but the ring slide 3 can be rotated about an axis of rotation 0 located at the end and parallel to the axis of rotation 0 ₁ educated. The figures illustrate the case in which the workpiece 1 is located between the ring slide 3 and the axis of rotation 0 and the edge of the tool 2 intersects the cross section of the workpiece 1 in a circular arc.

The workpiece 1 has an initial diameter 2R. For the sake of simplification, the axially directed feed in the direction of the axis of rotation 0 _{1 is} initially neglected, ie a recess is made. After performing the The diameter of the workpiece is 2r. The edge of the tool 2 rotates about the axis of rotation 0 on the radius R _o at a certain feed rate. Tool 2 begins machining at point A with a chip wine from -γ _r , which rises continuously and assumes a positive value during machining after the zero crossing and then reaches point γ _o at point B when the machining process is completed. During the period of the machining process, the clearance angle α _r decreases to the value α _o .

The depth of the puncture, i.e. the measure of the radial material separation is: R - r = Δ r.

The value of the center angle / taking into account that

R _o >> R, with the corresponding; rr A approximation / is:

cos ω ₁ =

ω ₁ = arc cos / /

For a tool 2 with a predetermined rake angle γ _o gt: γ _r = γ _o - ω ₁ .

The value of γ- _r appearing in point A is selected as a function of the material of the workpiece 1 and the tool 2 in such a way that corresponding conditions for saving can be ensured. If the absolute value for -γ _{r is} too great, the material is separated in several steps by means of several tools 2 arranged one behind the other and in this way the absolute value of - γ _{r is} divided into several parts. It can be seen from FIG. 3 that on the multi-spindle automatic lathe suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention, the ring slide 3, which can be rotated about the axis 0 at the feed rate of the tool 2, is driven by a drive motor 5 via a gear 4. The entire lathe is fastened on a standing holding tube 6 coaxial with the axis of rotation 0, the holding tube 6 being fastened to a bearing 8 forming the frame of the lathe via a holding bracket 7. All fixed structural parts of the lathe are indirectly or directly attached to the holding tube 6, for example the gear 4 and the gear housing 10, which accommodates the spindles 9 suitable for clamping and advancing the workpieces 1. The spindles 9 are arranged around the holding tube 6, to the holding tube 6 and to one another at the same distance. A drive motor 11 connects to the transmission housing 10.

The inner circumferential surface of the ring carriage 3 is conical and rotatable on a, attached to the holding tube 6, disc-shaped spindle holding disc 12, the cone angle on its outer one corresponds to the conical surface of the ring carriage 3.

On the end face of the ring carriage 3 which is suitable for the arrangement of the tool 2, an adjusting element 13 which is suitable for adjusting the ring carriage 3 is arranged.

For machining the bores of the workpieces 1 clamped in the spindles 6, internal turning tools 16 are used, which are arranged in an axially central tool holding drum 15 that can be positioned by means of positioning pins 14 opposite the spindles 9. On the tool holding drum 15 serves a feed gear 19 arranged on the holding tube 6, which is connected to a drive motor 20.

A tubular housing 21 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is fastened in the spindle holding disc 12. The spindle 9 is mounted in the interior of the tube housing 21 and is thus rotatably arranged in the tube housing 21. The bore of the thick-walled tube 34 forming the outer surface of the spindle 9 is in the direction of the ring slide 3, i.e. conical at its end lying in the direction of the processing point with an outwardly opening cone angle. In the conical bore of the spindle 9, a first collet 22 can be fitted, the outer surface of which has the same cone angle as the conical bore of the spindle 9. The first collet 22 ends on the inside of the spindle 9 in a tubular extension 23, one of which Outer jacket of the projection 23 formed thread with a thread which is formed on the inner jacket surface of an adapting to the inner bore of the spindle 9, but for this purpose slidably arranged in the axial direction 24, is engaged. At the other end of the spindle 9, a gear 25 suitable for rotating the spindle 9 is fastened to the spindle 9.

At the end of the spindle 9 protruding beyond the gear wheel 25, a working cylinder 26, preferably a hydraulic working cylinder 26, which is suitable for actuating the first collet 22, is arranged such that the working cylinder 26 on the spindle 9 and the piston 27 of the working cylinder 26 on the axially Direction beyond the spindle 9 projecting pull tube 24 are attached. The attachment is preferably realized by screw connection. When the working cylinder 26 is actuated, the piston moves in the axial direction relative to the working cylinder 26, which leads to the piston 27 pulling the pulling tube 24 with it, the pulling tube 24 by tightening the first collet 22 onto it by the first collet 22 enclosed workpiece 1. Thus, the workpiece 1 also rotates when the spindle 9 is rotated.

Arranged in the bore of the draw tube 24 is a thick-walled tube 28 which is displaceable in the axial direction relative to the draw tube 24 and which has an end face which does not touch the extension 23 of the first collet 22, the bore of the tube 2ß being at its end on the extension 23 side is conical with an outwardly opening cone angle. A rear collet 29 can be fitted into the conical bore of the tube 28, the outer surface of which is formed with the same cone angle as the conical bore of the tube 28. The rear collet 29 ends in the direction of the interior of the tube 28 in a tubular f shaped projection 30, which is formed on the outer surface of the extension 30 with a thread on the inner surface of an inner bore of the tube 28 which is adapted and rotatably formed 31 communicates. At the other end of the pipe 28 a suitable for actuating the rear collet 29 working cylinder 32, preferably a hydraulic working cylinder 32 is arranged such that the working cylinder 32 on the pipe 28 and the piston 33 of the working cylinder 32 on the pipe 28 in the axial Direction protruding draw tube 31 are attached. The attachment is preferably realized by means of a screw connection.

On the tube 28 is next to the working cylinder 32 for Removing the working cylinder 32 from the working cylinder 26 suitable sleeve 34 attached.

When the working cylinder 32 is actuated, the piston 33 moves in the axial direction relative to the working cylinder 32, which leads to the piston 33 pulling the pull tube 31 with it, which pulls the rear collet 29 onto the workpiece surrounded by the rear collet 29 1 spanned. Thus, when the tube 28 and the working cylinder 32 move axially together, the workpiece 1 moves together with the tube 28 in the axial direction.

The various operations can be carried out in the following manner using the automatic lathe designed according to the invention:

When grooving or parting off, the spindle / spindles / 9 and the tools 2 rotate / rotate together with the ring slide 3. The grooving or parting off is completed in the course of a circular movement of the ring slide 3.

During the long turning, the workpiece 1 rotates and also carries out a feed movement. This is achieved in that the rear collet chuck 29 is clamped onto the workpiece 1 with the aid of the working cylinder 32, while the first collet 22 is clamped onto the work piece 1 only with such a force that the workpiece 1 does not hinder the feed movement. In this case, the clamping force of the first collet 22 is smaller than that of the rear collet 29. Since the tool 2 / the tools 2 / always work immediately in front of the first collets 22, the machining of thin axes with one of the feed lengths is thus appropriate Length allows.

The controls for the material feed and material clamping are connected to each other and enable the setting of different clamping forces. The material feed is operated by a separate control.

In the case of short workpieces, the long turning can also be carried out by means of the tools 2 inserted into the tool holding drum 15, in the automatic turret mode.

During internal turning, the workpiece 1 performs a rotary movement, while the feed movement is carried out by the internal rotating tools 16 clamped in the tool holding drum 15 with the aid of a feed drive 19 suitable for displacing the tool holding drum 15.

A maximum of three internal tools 16 can be used in the spindle position, which are brought into division of labor by rotating the tool holding drum 15, i.e. the turning tools 16 are forwarded to the next spindle 9.

With the help of the lathe according to the invention, machining operations, for example thread cutting, can also be carried out with separate tools and accessories.

The lathe designed according to the invention enables various operations to be carried out on a single multi-spindle machine with the aid of the lathe machining method according to the invention. Furthermore, the same operations can also be carried out in different ways, so that the operation that best suits the given conditions can always be selected. The invention is not limited to the solutions described in the exemplary embodiments, but relates to all solutions falling within the scope of the claims, in particular the main claim.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Method for turning workpieces, the workpiece / the workpieces / preferably / being / being rotated around its center of gravity / their center of gravity / and by means of one or more cutting tools in a direction parallel and / or perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the workpiece / the workpieces are processed, characterized in that during the processing the edge of the cutting tool (s) /

a) about an axis of rotation (0) parallel to the axis of rotation / the axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) within a section / of sections / which / which / through / the end points of a circular arc / of circular arcs / which / which / the / the cross section of the workpiece / the workpieces / cuts / cut /, is / are / are rotated,

b) or in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation / the axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) along a straight line / of straight lines / which is one to the axis of rotation / the axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / of the workpieces / (1) skewed, forming the cross-section of the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) but intersecting straight line / straight line / within a section / of sections / which / which / in the cross-section of the workpiece / the workpieces (1 ) falls / falls /, is moved.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) in the direction of the axis of rotation / axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) is / are moved / and is advanced in the longitudinal direction /become/.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the turning is carried out with at least two, in the plane of movement of the cutting tools (2) arranged one behind the other cutting tools (2).

4.Device for turning workpieces, one for rotating the workpiece / the workpieces / about its axis of rotation / its axis of rotation / a suitable drive motor, a spindle / spindles / for clamping the workpiece / the workpieces /, and one for clamping the cutting tool / of the cutting tools / and for moving the cutting tool / the cutting tools / with respect to the axis of rotation / axes of rotation / the workpiece / the workpieces / suitable slide, characterized in that the slide about one to the axis of rotation / to the axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) the spindle (9) suitable for clamping the workpiece / workpieces / (1) is rotatable (0), or in an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation / axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / workpieces / (1) Flat, along a straight line to the axis of rotation / the axes of rotation / (0 ₁ ) of the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) skewed straight line i st.

5. Device according to claim 4, characterized in that in / the / for clamping the workpiece / the workpieces / (1) suitable spindle / spindles / (9) for the axial movement of the workpiece / workpieces / (1 suitable means / suitable means / is / are /.

6. Device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the device is such a multi-spindle lathe whose spindles (9) around the holding tube (6) of the lathe is arranged at equal distances from the holding tube (6) and from one another, while the slide is an annular slide (3) which can be rotated about the holding tube (6).

7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the ring carriage (3) is formed with a truncated cone-shaped inner surface and the ring slide (3) on one of the inner circumferential surface of the ring carriage (3) adapted, designed with a truncated cone-shaped outer surface and on the Holding tube (6) attached spindle holding disc (12) is rotatably arranged.

.

8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it with a closer to the machining point, for supporting and clamping the workpiece (1) suitable first collet (22) and in comparison with the first collet (22) of Rear machining collet (29), which is arranged further away from the processing point and is suitable for clamping and advancing the workpiece (1) and can be displaced between two limit positions.

9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the collets (22, 29) have an outer circumferential surface formed with a cone angle opening in the direction of the machining point, while the ends of the bores located on the part of the collets (22, 29) for holding of the collets (22, 29) suitable thick-walled tubes (34, 38) with a cone angle corresponding to the cone angle of the outer surface of the collets (22, 29) and opening in the direction of the machining point are conical.

10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the collets (22, 29) with an in the direction of the interior of the tubes (34, 28) projecting tubular extension (23, 30) are extended, wherein on the outer lateral surface of the shoulders (23rd , 30) formed threads are connected to threads formed on inner lateral surfaces of the inner bores of the tubes (34, 28) and formed relative to the tubes (34, 28) in the axial direction pull tubes (24, 31).

11. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that in the bore of the pulling tube (24) belonging to the first collet (22), the tube (28) belonging to the rear collet (29) is adapted to the bore of the pulling tube (24), in the axial direction relative to the draw tube (24), however, is arranged displaceably.

12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that suitable actuating cylinders (26, 32) are provided for actuating the collets (22, 29), the actuating cylinders (26, 32) being fastened to the tubes (34, 28) , while the pistons (27, 33) of the working cylinders (26, 32) are attached to the draw tubes (24, 31).

13. The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the working cylinders (26, 32) and the pistons (27, 33) with the spindle (9) are arranged coaxially and limitedly displaceable relative to one another in the axial direction.

14. Device according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that is located in the vicinity of the remote from the processing point At the end of the spindle (9) on the spindle (9) a gear (25) suitable for rotating the spindle (9) is fastened.

15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the gear wheel (25) hinders a relative rotation of the tubes (34, 28), the respective relative axial displacement of the tubes. (34, 28) and the draw tubes (24, 31) is, however, allowed to wedge onto the spindle (9).

16. Device according to one of the claims 12 to 15, characterized in that on the tube (28) belonging to the rear collet (29) in addition to the rear working cylinder (32) suitable for actuating the rear collet (29), one for removing the the rear working cylinder (32) is fastened by the sleeve (34) suitable for actuating the first collet (22).