WO1988008925A1 - Cylinder for piston engines and process for its production - Google Patents

Cylinder for piston engines and process for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988008925A1
WO1988008925A1 PCT/HU1988/000033 HU8800033W WO8808925A1 WO 1988008925 A1 WO1988008925 A1 WO 1988008925A1 HU 8800033 W HU8800033 W HU 8800033W WO 8808925 A1 WO8808925 A1 WO 8808925A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
ceramic
sleeve
aluminium
oxide ceramic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1988/000033
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
László PAPP
István SÁRKÖZI
Attila SÁROSI
László SOMFAI
Mihály SÜMEGI
Gábor SZABÓ
Original Assignee
Papp Laszlo
Sarkoezi Istvan
Sarosi Attila
Somfai Laszlo
Suemegi Mihaly
Szabo Gabor
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Papp Laszlo, Sarkoezi Istvan, Sarosi Attila, Somfai Laszlo, Suemegi Mihaly, Szabo Gabor filed Critical Papp Laszlo
Publication of WO1988008925A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988008925A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J10/00—Engine or like cylinders; Features of hollow, e.g. cylindrical, bodies in general
    • F16J10/02—Cylinders designed to receive moving pistons or plungers
    • F16J10/04—Running faces; Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/18—Other cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0085—Materials for constructing engines or their parts
    • F02F7/0087—Ceramic materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/028—Magnesium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0403—Refractory metals, e.g. V, W
    • F05C2201/0412—Titanium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cylinder for piston engines and to a process for its production.
  • the cylinder wall of both the petrol- and Diesel internal combustion engines is subjected to significant mechanical and thermal shocks and has to resist the chemical effects of the combustion products in the combustion chamber. Without loss of its mechanical strength, it must endure the thermal gradient between the temperatures of the combustion chamber and engine blocks, as well as the load of the periodical heat transfer and stationary heat dissipation.
  • the surface of the piston engines is made of a high density (3.85 - 3.95 g/c ⁇ r) aluminium-oxide ceramic containing 0.2 - 3.0 mass% calcium- and/or magnesium- luoride, or titanium oxide.
  • the oxide-ceramic wall is placed in as cylinder bush, only by turning the sleeve, without remodelling the engine block, so that the construction need not be changed;
  • the whole sleeve body is made of ceramic; if thickness of the ceramic bush allows, only the two end-parts have to be provided with metal cap;
  • the casting material of the cylinder sleeve used for receiving the ceramic is replaced with heat-resistant steel.
  • the aluminium-oxide ceramic is placed as cylindrical body into the cylinder of the interna combustion engine, so that its size and density are forme by sintering at 1450 - 1750°C before insertion.
  • the life of the metal engin block is extended by insertion of ceramic, i.e. by provid ing with ceramic bush.
  • such pistion bore wa successivefully machined for the internal combustion engines the wear of which is less, its renewal is less expensiv and quicker than in case of the conventional meta surfaces. Due to the more favourable thermal conduction an friction properties, the amount of consumed- lubricant an fuel is reduced.
  • the ceramic coat well resists the acids, lyes, organi solvents even at high temperature. Its water-, steam- an gastightness are high, thus the ceramic coat perfectl seals the cylinder wall from the combustion chamber, whereby the requirement imposed on the quality of th engine block's material is substantially reduced not onl for the sleeve-type engine.
  • a cylinder sleeve lifted out of an engine block was turned on the lathe to the required size, then aluminium-oxide ceramic (density 3.95) sintered at 1750°C containing 3 H titanium-dioxide was diamond-ground to size and placed into the sleeve with shrink joint.
  • the engine was assembled conventionally without any change. The result appearing during operation was as follows.
  • the whole sleeve was made of aluminium-oxide ceramic of 3.85 density containing 0.2 mass% magnesium- and calcium-fluoride in 1:1 proportion, sintered at 1450°C.
  • the lower and upper parts of the sleeve were received by metal cups for the sake of safe assembly.
  • Remodelling of the engine is not necessary either in this version.
  • the conventional cooling system remains the same, and its assembly is unchanged.
  • the coolant is in direct contact with the ceramic sleeve, therefore, in addition to the favourable properties experienced in Example 1, heating of the engine will be different, the coolant ensures the required operating temperature with less cooling, e.g. with shorter operating time of the cooling fan.
  • An engine block was drilled through to form a jacket of adequate thickness, that was capable to provide safe prestress for the ceramic cylinder sleeve.
  • the cylinder sleeve lining made of heat-resistant steel was essential, because its prestress was safer than that of the casting.
  • the ceramic lining was made of aluminium-oxide containing 2.2 mass 5 , titanium-dioxide, burnt out at 1650°C, its density being 3.90.
  • the fitted accurate size was set .on grinding machine with diamond tipped tool by grinding to size. The favourable properties described in Example 1 were in evidence.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to cylinder for piston engines and to a process for its production. The cylinder bore is characterized by its surface being aluminum-oxide ceramic of 3.85 - 3.95 g/cm3 density, containing 0.2 - 3.0 mass% calcium- and/or magnesium-fluoride, or titanium-dioxide. The oxide ceramic coated cylinder bore is produced by placing a cylindrical body sintered between 1450 and 1750°C into the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, where it is fixed with shrink joint.

Description

CYLINDER FOR PISTON ENGINES AND PROCESS FOR ITS PRODUCTION
The invention relates to a cylinder for piston engines and to a process for its production.
The cylinder wall of both the petrol- and Diesel internal combustion engines is subjected to significant mechanical and thermal shocks and has to resist the chemical effects of the combustion products in the combustion chamber. Without loss of its mechanical strength, it must endure the thermal gradient between the temperatures of the combustion chamber and engine blocks, as well as the load of the periodical heat transfer and stationary heat dissipation.
In addition to the chemical and thermal effects, it must display appropriate mechanical strength partly against the normal tangential power effects of the combustion .taking place in the chamber, and partly against those producing abrasion of the piston, providing the optimal sealing.
With regard to these effects and the expecatable properties, the engine designers developed a wide range of alloys. Engines provided with relatively inexpensive an quickly replaceable sleeves were developed to facilitate the efficient operation, when in case of a specific wear of the cylinder wall, the used up sleeve of worn surface is replaceable with a new one.
In case of engines without sleeve, it is possible to eliminate the uneven cylinder surface with fairly complicated and costly processes requiring up-to-date material and personal facilities. In this case the pistions have to be provided with rings suited to the increased cylinder diameter for the sake of proper sealing. In view of the foregoing, it is vitally important both technically and economically to know the intervals required for repair of the cylinder surface of internal combustion engines, the cost of repair and the degree of operational efficiency.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder ensuring a short period for renewal of the cylinder wall, low cost of πewal. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing said cylinder.
According to the invention, the surface of the piston engines is made of a high density (3.85 - 3.95 g/cιτr) aluminium-oxide ceramic containing 0.2 - 3.0 mass% calcium- and/or magnesium- luoride, or titanium oxide.
There are several methods to provide the cylinders with aluminium-oxide wall.
a) in the sleeve-type engines, the oxide-ceramic wall is placed in as cylinder bush, only by turning the sleeve, without remodelling the engine block, so that the construction need not be changed;
b) according to the second version, the whole sleeve body is made of ceramic; if thickness of the ceramic bush allows, only the two end-parts have to be provided with metal cap;
c) in the third version, the casting material of the cylinder sleeve used for receiving the ceramic is replaced with heat-resistant steel.
Thus in each case, the aluminium-oxide ceramic is placed as cylindrical body into the cylinder of the interna combustion engine, so that its size and density are forme by sintering at 1450 - 1750°C before insertion.
According to the invention, the life of the metal engin block is extended by insertion of ceramic, i.e. by provid ing with ceramic bush.
According to the experiences, the friction, therma expansion and wear properties of the metals in this fiel are much inferior to those of the ceramic parts.
According to the invention, such pistion bore wa succesfully machined for the internal combustion engines the wear of which is less, its renewal is less expensiv and quicker than in case of the conventional meta surfaces. Due to the more favourable thermal conduction an friction properties, the amount of consumed- lubricant an fuel is reduced.
These effects involve reduction of the amount of pollutant discharged by the internal combustion engines, and at th same time, the proportion of the toxic components of th exhaust gases in compliance with the more favourable an improved combustion conditions is also reduced.
The ceramic coat well resists the acids, lyes, organi solvents even at high temperature. Its water-, steam- an gastightness are high, thus the ceramic coat perfectl seals the cylinder wall from the combustion chamber, whereby the requirement imposed on the quality of th engine block's material is substantially reduced not onl for the sleeve-type engine.
The process according to the invention, the cylinder an the favourable effect attained thereby are illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1.
A cylinder sleeve lifted out of an engine block was turned on the lathe to the required size, then aluminium-oxide ceramic (density 3.95) sintered at 1750°C containing 3 H titanium-dioxide was diamond-ground to size and placed into the sleeve with shrink joint. The engine was assembled conventionally without any change. The result appearing during operation was as follows.
a) efficiency of the engine improved, b) oil and fuel consumption lowered and c) wear resistance of the sleeves improved (and thus their life was longer.
Example 2,
In the second version, the whole sleeve was made of aluminium-oxide ceramic of 3.85 density containing 0.2 mass% magnesium- and calcium-fluoride in 1:1 proportion, sintered at 1450°C. The lower and upper parts of the sleeve were received by metal cups for the sake of safe assembly.
Remodelling of the engine is not necessary either in this version. The conventional cooling system remains the same, and its assembly is unchanged. In this version, the coolant is in direct contact with the ceramic sleeve, therefore, in addition to the favourable properties experienced in Example 1, heating of the engine will be different, the coolant ensures the required operating temperature with less cooling, e.g. with shorter operating time of the cooling fan.
Example 3
An engine block was drilled through to form a jacket of adequate thickness, that was capable to provide safe prestress for the ceramic cylinder sleeve.
The cylinder sleeve lining made of heat-resistant steel was essential, because its prestress was safer than that of the casting. The ceramic lining was made of aluminium-oxide containing 2.2 mass5, titanium-dioxide, burnt out at 1650°C, its density being 3.90. The fitted accurate size was set .on grinding machine with diamond tipped tool by grinding to size. The favourable properties described in Example 1 were in evidence.

Claims

C L A I S
1. Cylinder for piston engines, characterized by having aluminium-oxide ceramic surface of 3.85 - 3.95 g/cnr density.
2. Cylinder bore according to claim 1, characterized by having 0.2 - 0.3 mass's calcium- and/or magnesium fluoride, or titanium-dioxide in its aluminium-oxide ceramic surface.
3. Process for the production of durable cylinder bore for piston engine, characterized by placing aluminium-oxide ceramic bush sintered at 1450 - 1750 °C and of 3.85 - 3.95 g/cm-5 density containing 0.2 - 3.0 mass% calcium- and/or magnesium-fluoride, or titanium-dioxide into the cylinder bore, where it is fixed with shring joint.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterized by placing in the cylinder bush by turning of the sleeve.
5. Process according to claim 3, characterized by making the whole sleeve-body of ceramic and providing the two end- parts with metal caps.
6. Process according to claim 3, characterized by replacing the material of casting used for receiving the ceramic with heat-resistant steel.
PCT/HU1988/000033 1987-05-06 1988-05-06 Cylinder for piston engines and process for its production WO1988008925A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU202987 1987-05-06
HU2029/87 1987-05-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988008925A1 true WO1988008925A1 (en) 1988-11-17

Family

ID=10957398

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/HU1988/000033 WO1988008925A1 (en) 1987-05-06 1988-05-06 Cylinder for piston engines and process for its production

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0313625A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02500610A (en)
PL (1) PL272296A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988008925A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130139679A1 (en) * 2011-12-01 2013-06-06 Caterpillar Inc. Piston assembly for a fluid translating device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE18644E (en) * 1932-11-01 Horace j
CH289166A (en) * 1948-04-24 1953-02-28 Norton Co Cylinder for a piston machine and method of manufacturing this cylinder.

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE18644E (en) * 1932-11-01 Horace j
CH289166A (en) * 1948-04-24 1953-02-28 Norton Co Cylinder for a piston machine and method of manufacturing this cylinder.

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Unexamined Applications, M Section, Volume 8, No. 120, June 6, 1984, The Patent Office Japanese Government, see page 53 M 300, Kokai-no. 59-25 058 (TOYOTA). *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Unexamined Applications, M Section, Volume 8, No. 1868 August 25, 1984, The Patent Office Japanese Government, see page 107 M 320, Kokai-No. 59-77 065 (NIHON). *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130139679A1 (en) * 2011-12-01 2013-06-06 Caterpillar Inc. Piston assembly for a fluid translating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02500610A (en) 1990-03-01
EP0313625A1 (en) 1989-05-03
PL272296A1 (en) 1989-02-20

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