WO1988003214A1

WO1988003214A1 - Arrangement for an enlargeable settlement system for erosion-endangered, and especially dry and sandy regions and process for production of parts of the settlement system

Info

Publication number: WO1988003214A1
Application number: PCT/DE1986/000449
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ernst Scheid
Original assignee: Ernst Scheid
Priority date: 1986-10-25
Filing date: 1986-11-06
Publication date: 1988-05-05

Abstract

The arrangement (1) as described consists of zones of easily-visible settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) of limited size, connected to one another by streets (6), having well facilities (4) and cultivation surfaces (7), and which are so arranged in relation to one another in relatively short, usually radial, distances that the water percolates back from the irrigated cultivation surfaces (7) into the well facilities (4) and can collect there. Each settlement unit (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) has a roughly circular construction surface (3) with, as a rule, houses (5) arranged on its edge and, in the middle, the well facility (4). The construction surface (3) of the settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c), including the well facilities (4) and streets, are stabilized in order to support loads by means of a chemical binder. The latter is a component of a hardening mixture of which are made all the building materials for the construction of the houses (6) of the settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c).

Description

Arrangement for an expandable settlement system for erosion-prone, especially dry and sandy areas and method for the production of parts of the settlement system.

Description:

The invention relates to an arrangement for an enlargeable settlement system for areas at risk of erosion, in particular dry and sandy areas, and a method for producing parts of the settlement system.

Arrangements for enlargeable settlement systems, in particular for dry and sandy areas, and methods for producing parts of such a settlement system are already known. So in earlier times there were enough available. Groundwater sources or such well-developed settlement systems developed through well construction and operated successfully by suitable processes, but this was often only possible at high cost, since the building material was not available at the construction site and therefore had to be transported to the construction site mostly over long distances. Extensive irrigation systems were also built in earlier times, to which water was supplied from long, solidly built irrigation channels, but much water was lost due to evaporation and leaks.

Later built, partly similar plants in underdeveloped areas still have comparatively similar disadvantages, so that they had to be replaced by more modern irrigation systems to develop settlement systems. Such systems were generally too expensive for larger, dry and sandy regions, so that other paths had to be taken. To open up new ones Settlement units had therefore z. B. Irrigation circuits installed, which were fed from groundwater and had to irrigate circular areas. As these areas could not be adequately protected from sunlight, wind and progressive erosion, the desired success in cultivating and fertilizing such regions failed to materialize. This was also due to the fact that condensation or precipitation seeped into the soil too quickly and that the constant sun radiation caused the evaporation to be too rapid, so that the groundwater level could not be maintained at an optimal level.

Sprinkler irrigation systems proved to be effective in places where erosion was not so important, but were very complex and therefore too expensive, since all the materials for the construction of the systems had to be carried out with considerable transport and cost expenditure and these

Plants due to the high susceptibility to corrosion required constant maintenance and repair.

The continuous greening and fertilization of arid areas by these sprinkler irrigation systems therefore remained without great success, because for the constant maintenance and the quickly occurring repairs, there was usually not enough trained personnel on site to ensure the functionality of the systems.

On the other hand, attempts have been made to also green plants by sowing seeds, for. B. with moisture-retaining plastic parts, provided and brought it into the ground, but continued use with this measure was not possible because trained personnel were not sufficiently available for the further development of the green areas.

US Pat. No. 4,539,036 describes a method for promoting vegetation for dry soils with the aid of a mixture which contains liquid 1,3-butadiene in homo- or copolymer form and a sponge-like biomass, the polymeric butadiene being present in the presence of oxygen polymerized, forming a grid-like, water-permeable polymer without a film. With this method, optimal seed germination conditions are achieved, especially when the soil to be treated is subject to severe erosion. This can be explained by the fact that the mixture causes the soil to cross-link with the seed, even if it consists almost entirely of sand, thereby preventing the water in the soil from seeping too quickly. Evaporation due to the harmful effects of solar radiation is largely avoided, so that the seeds germinate quickly. In addition, this networking enables the irrigation effort to be reduced, thereby largely protecting the groundwater stock.

The invention is therefore based on the task of proposing an arrangement for an enlargeable settlement system for areas at risk of erosion, in particular dry and sandy areas, that with adequate consumption of groundwater, sufficient self-sufficiency of its inhabitants with food guarantee. The invention is also intended to propose a method with which parts of the settlement system, in particular building materials and building areas, and streets of settlement units are to be produced or stabilized by using a chemical binder in the presence of pure sand, and areas of which are to be recultivated.

This object is achieved in that the zoning settlement system is built up of small, manageable settlement units of limited size, which are connected by roads, have fountains and management areas and are arranged at relatively short, mostly radial distances so that water from the irrigated cultivation areas can seep back into the wells and collect there, whereby each settlement unit has an approximately circular development area with houses usually arranged on its edge and the well in the middle. The development area of the settlement units including the wells and the streets are stabilized with the help of a chemical binder, the chemical binder being a component of a hardenable mixture from which all building materials for the construction of the houses of the settlement units are made.

Further configurations of the arrangement according to the

Invention result from subclaims 2 to 7.

The inventive method for the production of Parts of the settlement system according to claim 1 results from subclaims 8 to 14.

The advantages achieved by the invention consist essentially in the fact that with the enlargeable settlement system for areas at risk of erosion, in particular dry and sandy areas, sufficient self-sufficiency of its inhabitants with food from the settlement system is ensured with careful consumption of its groundwater supply. This is achieved in that initially all of the approximately circular built-up areas of the settlement units of the settlement system with a chemical agent consisting of liquid, particularly low-viscosity polybutadiene, without for about 2 to 5 hours

Effects of rain or water are treated, which not only provides the necessary consolidation of the development area for the construction of houses and the facilities of streets and wells, but also a complete coverage of this settlement area

Prevention of the harmful evaporation is given, so that the groundwater level is not lowered and thus an adequate water supply for its inhabitants is possible, namely that groundwater from the sides, the settlement units and irrigated management areas can seep back into the wells and collect here. It is also achieved through the stabilization of the built-up areas that the subsoil of the houses remains cool and thereby makes living in the houses much more pleasant despite strong sunlight. The maintenance of the groundwater level in these settlement areas is significantly improved by the fact that around them Fields are arranged, which are recultivated with a hydroseed combination and maintain the soil moisture through the formation of greenery. Finally, a protective belt around the settlement system, treated with liquid polybutadiene, protects against erosion and constant dust formation, so that even with this measure, the settlement system is ultimately protected against dangerous lowering of the groundwater level. Another great advantage of the invention is that the entire building material required for the settlement system can be produced cheaply and quickly on site by trained forces without great effort using small amounts of binder and locally available pure sands. In order to prevent water from penetrating into the houses of the settlement units, their outer sides are painted. The cost of the necessary machine equipment is also very low compared to that for conventional settlement systems. Wood for formwork or for firing bricks, with equipment for forming bricks, for example with the help of a wooden structure, or half shells as molded roof parts is not required. The road surface can be made by simply mixing and tamping by hand. The building material is also very solid in the set state and thus offers special protection against excessive sunlight.

Embodiments of the invention and known building materials for the production of houses of the settlement system according to the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below. It shows: 1 - a schematic representation of the arrangement according to the invention for an enlargeable settlement system,

2 - a single settlement unit of the arrangement according to the invention in a schematic representation,

3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a well system for the settlement system according to the invention,

4 - bricks, made from a hardenable mixture of pure sand and liquid polybutadiene and with a shape for this purpose, built from a simple wooden plug formwork, for the construction of houses of the settlement units of the settlement system according to the invention,

Fig. 5 - an unreinforced half-shell as a self-supporting

Roof shape for the houses of the settlement units,

Fig. 6 - a schematic micro section of solidified sand using a chemical binder made of polybutadiene, which has films formed around grains of sand and

Fig. 7 - a schematic representation of a re-greened field area in comparison with an untreated field with the help of a hydropower combination.

1 shows an arrangement for an enlargeable settlement system 1 for those at risk of erosion, in particular dry and sandy areas, according to the invention. The settlement system 1 consists of small, manageable settlement units 2, 2a, 2b, 2c of limited size, which are connected by roads 6, fountains 4 and management areas 7 and are arranged at relatively short, mostly radial distances so that water from the irrigable management areas 7 seep back into the wells 4 and collect there. Each settlement unit 2, 2a, 2b, 2c has an approximately circular building area 3 with houses 5 generally arranged on its edge and the fountain system 4 in the middle. The development area 3 of the settlement units 2, 2a, 2b, 2c including the well system 4 and the streets 6 are stabilized with the help of a chemical binder. The chemical binder also forms a component of a hardenable mixture from which all building materials, e.g. B. bricks 16, foundation plates 17, half-shells 18, for the construction of

Houses of settlement units 2, 2a, 2b, 2c exist (Fig. 4 and 5).

The chemical binder used for this is preferably a low molecular weight, stereospecific, unsaponifiable, liquid polybutadiene with an iodine number of 450, this unsaturated, pure aliphatic hydrocarbon in addition to the

Double bonds contains no polar groups and its steric double bond distribution is as follows:

72% by weight 1,4-cis-polybutadiene,

27% by weight 1,4-trans-polybutadiene, 1% by weight vinyl polybutadiene. This liquid binder has proven to be particularly advantageous because the 1,4-cis-polybutadiene component on which this binder is based is particularly low-viscous, well penetrating the substrate and other stereoisomers

-highly reactive with oxi dative air drying. Molecular atmospheric oxygen is added chemically after contact, so that polymerization and crosslinking is triggered, which ultimately leads to gelation and to the film network. Due to its good cross-linkability for mineral substances (see Fig. 6), this binder is particularly good for stabilizing surfaces in dry, sandy regions and thus also for stabilizing the building areas 3, wells 4 and streets 6, as they are in the arrangement according to the invention for the Enlargeable settlement system in dry and sandy areas are suitable, since neither water nor cement nor surcharges are required. The surface stabilization can be done by hand or with paver.

This applies to the same extent for the production of building blocks, since only the pure sand available on site with this binder can be hardened

Mix in a compulsory mixer, e.g. B. needs to be mixed for 15 to 120 seconds. No water and cement, but also no bituminous binder, grit or gravel are required for this, so that the transport costs can be kept extremely low in this respect and in general. The cost of producing the mixture is low because only 0.5 to 3% by weight of the chemical binder is required to produce the mixture and the rest of 97 to 99.5% by weight consists of pure sand present on site. All building materials, e.g. B. bricks 16 (Fig. 4b) or in wooden forms, for. B. in a wooden plug-in formwork 15 (Fig. 4a), made of steel or plastic quickly and inexpensively by trained workers. This also applies to other molded parts, such as. B. for the foundation slabs 17, the half-shells 18 (Fig. 5) for roof construction de r houses 5 of the settlement units 2, 2a, 2b, 2c.

The molds do not have to be pretreated for this purpose, and release agents, such as. B. formwork oils, not required. During processing, only care must be taken to ensure that the building materials are protected from rain or other water influences for the first 2 to 5 hours during their setting times. The setting times depend on the air temperature and can be set very short. The building materials are hardened by absorbing oxygen from the air.

When manufacturing the building materials, no special occupational safety measures are required. The short-term odor that occurs during mixing and adheres briefly to the finished product is not harmful to health.

As FIG. 1 further shows, the zones of the settlement system 1 consist of at least one core area with several settlement units 2, 2a, 2b and

Cultivation areas 7, furthermore from a middle intermediate area with individual settlement units 2c, cultivation areas 7 and partially recultivated field areas 8a with the aid of a hydroseed combination and an edge area 8b with the hydroseed verdünteji areas. An uncultivated field area 10b adjoins the peripheral area 8b, which is limited by a protective belt 10c stabilized by the chemical binder in order to prevent erosion and dust.

The core area of the settlement system 1 is surrounded by trees and bushes 9 to prevent dehydration and this is additionally protected against erosion and wind by a stabilized protective belt 10a. For the same reason, the intermediate area with the field area 8a is surrounded by trees and bushes 9. A settlement unit 2 arranged centrally in the core area with the solidified, almost circular development area 3, the well arrangement 4 arranged in the middle, the houses 5 built on the edge, and streets 6 leading away is shown in FIG. 2 for a better overview.

3 shows the well system 4 schematically in section, with a solidified part of the development area 3 around it with water pipes 14 arranged therein and sandy layers 11 underneath and a groundwater level 12 shown in broken lines. The well system 4 consists of a well housing 4b, that closes the well system 4 with a conically tapering well head 4a with a pump (not shown) and into which a well pipe 4c reaching into the water level 13 can be screwed.

The hydroseed combination known per se used for greening and recultivation (FIG. 7) in the intermediate and peripheral area of settlement system 1 contains, for example, more than 90% by weight of spongy biomass and the remainder polybutadiene as film net formers. Their composition can be modified as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,539,036, which depends essentially on the nature of the soil.

The spongy biomass in turn contains at least 70% by weight of organic material, furthermore 5-7% by weight of organic nitrogen, 1-2% by weight of phosphorus oxide, 3-4% by weight of potassium oxide, 3-5% by weight. Calcium oxide and 0.5-1.5% by weight magnesium oxide, as is also apparent from US Pat. No. 4,539,036.

According to one method, the hydroseed combination can be sprayed onto the soils of the settlement system in one operation by means of a spray device, with only minor protective measures being required.

6 shows a micro section of solidified sand with the aid of the chemical binder

Polybutadiene, which wraps itself around the grains of sand like a thin film and, after setting, leads to a firm grain structure.

Fig. 7 shows an untreated, sandy, partly scree-bearing soil 8 in comparison with the soils of the field surface 8a and the peripheral area 8b, which are already partially recultivated with the aid of the known hydroseed combination.

Instead of the chemical binder made from polybutadiene, any other organic binder can be used, provided that it is a good film-forming agent and quickly combines with the pure construction sand available on site to form a solid grain structure.

Claims

Claims:

1. Arrangement for an enlargeable

Settlement system for areas at risk of erosion, especially dry and sandy areas, characterized in that the zoning settlement system (1) consists of small, manageable settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) of limited size, which are connected by roads (ό) , Well systems (4) and management areas (7) as well as in relatively short, mostly radial

Distances are arranged so that water can seep back from the irrigated management areas (7) back into the wells (4) and collect there, with each settlement unit (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) having an approximately circular development area (3) with in generally has houses (5) arranged on their edge and the fountain system (4) in the middle; that the development area (3) of the settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) including the wells (4). and the roads (6) are stabilized with the help of a chemical binder, the chemical binder being a component of a hardenable mixture from which all building materials (for example 16, 17, 18) for building the

Houses (5) of the settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) exist.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the chemical binder for stabilizing the building area (3), de r well system (4) and the streets (6) of the settlement units (2, 2a, 2b, 2c) is a low molecular weight, stereospecific, unsaponifiable, liquid polybutadiene with an iodine number of 450, this unsaturated, pure aliphatic hydrocarbon contains no polar groups in addition to the double bonds and its steric double bond distribution is as follows: 72% by weight 1,4-cis -polybutadiene,

27% by weight 1,4-trans-polybutadiene and 1% by weight vinyl polybutadiene.

3. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the proportion of the chemical binder in the hardenable mixture 0.5 to 3 wt .-% and the rest 97 to 99.5 wt .-% sand without foreign material.

4. Arrangement according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the building materials, be it as building mortar, in the form of bricks (16), foundation slabs (17), prefabricated half-shells (18) for roofs of the houses (5) or other molded components , consist of a hardenable mixture.

5. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the zones of the settlement system (1) at least from a core area with a plurality of settlement units (2, 2a, 2b) and management areas (7), an intermediate area with individual settlement units (2c) , Cultivated areas (7) and partly with the help of a

Hydroseed combination cultivated field area (8a) and an edge area (b) with the hydroseed combination green field area, to which an uncultivated Field area (10b) adjoins, which is bounded by a protective belt (10c) stabilized by the chemical binder against erosion and dust, the core area being surrounded by trees and bushes (9) to prevent dehydration and the core area additionally by a stabilized protective belt ( 10a) secured against erosion and wind and that for the same reason the intermediate area (8a) is covered by trees and bushes (9).

6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the known hydrosate combination contains at least 90 wt .-% sponge-like biomass and the rest polybutadiene.

7. Arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the spongy biomass at least 70 wt .-% organic material, 5 - 7 wt .-% organic nitrogen, 1 - 2 wt .-% phosphorus oxide, 3 - 4 wt .-% potassium oxide , 3 - 5 wt .-% calcium oxide and 0.5 - 1.5 wt .-% magnesium oxide.

8. A method for producing parts of the settlement system according to claim 1, characterized in that pure sand present on site from 97 to 99.7 wt .-% and the chemical binder polybutadiene from 0.3 to 3 wt .-% in a compulsory mixer Are mixed for 15 to 120 seconds and then the mixture, e.g. B. for mortar production and for filling in molds for the production of bricks, foundation plates, prefabricated half-shells for the roofs of the houses or other components for their manufacture is kept ready.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the bricks are made in a wooden plug formwork (15).

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the bricks are made in perforated sheets.

11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the foundation plates, prefabricated

Half shells for the houses and other molded parts in molds with perforated plates for supplying oxygen can be manufactured.

12. A method for producing settlement units according to claim 1, characterized in that the houses are protected against the effects of rain by a protective coating.

13. Process for the production of settlement units, in particular for stabilizing the built-up areas, well systems. and the roads according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the chemical binder based on polybutadiene is usually introduced into the sandy soil of the areas in question by hand and is held here for 2 to 5 hours without the action of rain or other moisture.

1.4. Process for the production of settlement units, in particular for the recultivation of the settlement system according to claims 1 and 5, characterized in that the hydroseed combination is sprayed onto the soils of the settlement system in one operation by means of a spray device.