WO1988000149A1 - Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres - Google Patents

Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988000149A1
WO1988000149A1 PCT/US1986/001431 US8601431W WO8800149A1 WO 1988000149 A1 WO1988000149 A1 WO 1988000149A1 US 8601431 W US8601431 W US 8601431W WO 8800149 A1 WO8800149 A1 WO 8800149A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pivot means
arm
tow vehicle
trailer
main arm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1986/001431
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Norman W. Gallatin
Original Assignee
Gallatin Norman W
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/428,537 external-priority patent/US4598926A/en
Application filed by Gallatin Norman W filed Critical Gallatin Norman W
Priority to PCT/US1986/001431 priority Critical patent/WO1988000149A1/fr
Publication of WO1988000149A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988000149A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D53/00—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains
    • B62D53/04—Tractor-trailer combinations; Road trains comprising a vehicle carrying an essential part of the other vehicle's load by having supporting means for the front or rear part of the other vehicle
    • B62D53/08—Fifth wheel traction couplings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D90/00—Vehicles for carrying harvested crops with means for selfloading or unloading
    • A01D90/12—Vehicles for carrying harvested crops with means for selfloading or unloading with additional devices or implements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60D—VEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00—Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/14—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type
    • B60D1/173—Draw-gear or towing devices characterised by their type consisting of at least two bars which are not connected or articulated to each other

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a four-bar trailer hitch.
  • four-bar trailer hitches/ there have been numerous proposals for four-bar trailer hitches/ and it has been recognized in the art that these can provide certain advantages in the sta ⁇ bility and control of articulated road vehicles.
  • One reason for this is that/ by providing two forwardly convergent arms, the instantaneous center of rotation/ referred to in the art as the ICR/ is moved forwardly toward the vicinity of the rear axle of the tow vehicle.
  • the following United States patents disclose four-bar trailer hitches which are symmetri ⁇ cal with respect to the centerlines of the towing and towed vehicles:
  • Darvill's British specification 556,290 discloses a four-bar hitch which is asymmetrical with respect to the vehicles, but its purpose is for pulling farm machinery such as reapers which are relatively light, slow and are turned in only one direction.
  • the off-center link of the Darvill hitch is shifted between the right and left side of the mechanism, depending on which direction the tractor will turn when work ⁇ ing a field.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a four-bar hitch which is more readily adaptable to existing vehicle structures than the four-bar hitches of symmetrical construction, inasmuch as the invention may utilize existing coupling structures which are located on the centerlines of the respective vehicles.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a four-bar hitch which is lighter and less expen ⁇ sive than many four-bar hitches which have been proposed, this attribute being due in part to the fact that the second link which performs a steering function has strength require ⁇ ments which are less than the strength required of both links in a symmetrical four-bar hitch.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a four-bar hitch which is more easily hooked up between the vehicles than most previous designs which have been proposed or produced.
  • Still another object is to provide a hitch system which, under extreme maneuvering conditions, makes it poss ⁇ ible to make very sharp turning angles without interference between the two links of the hitch.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a hitch which has a laterally shiftable coupling which enables the vehicle operator conveniently to convert the hitch from a four-bar mode of operation at highway speeds to a simpler arrangement more closely resembling a single pivot for maneu ⁇ vering and driving the vehicle at lower speeds where sta ⁇ bility- is of less concern.
  • One embodiment of the invention has the further object of providing a supplemental vertical asymmetrical four-bar linkage which performs a load transferring function while permitting the vehicles to pitch relative to each other.
  • This invention pertains to a four-bar hitch which has a main arm and a steering arm for pulling one vehicle behind another vehicle.
  • the main arm has a first pivot at its forward end and a second pivot at its rear end.
  • the steering arm has a third pivot at its forward end and a fourth pivot at its rear end.
  • In plan view/ these four pivots define the four corners of a quadrilateral linkage which is asymmetrical with respect to the aligned longi ⁇ tudinal axes of the connected vehicles.
  • the first and third pivots are spaced apart a distance which is less than the distance between the second and fourth pivots/ and the first and second pivots are spaced apart a distance which is no more than about 1.5 times the distance between the third and fourth pivots.
  • the hitch may include a pivot-shifting mecha ⁇ nism for moving the third pivot toward the first pivot to reduce the steering of the trailer by the steering hitch member. Also/ the hitch may have an upper arm which is dis ⁇ posed above the main arm to provide a vertically disposed four-bar linkage to transfer weight from the trailer to the tow vehicle while allowing the tow vehicle to pitch naturally.
  • the first and second pivots lie on the horizontal centerlines of the tow vehicle and trailer/ respectively.
  • the fourth pivot is more forward than the second pivot/ and the third pivot is more forward than the first pivot.
  • the fourth pivot is laterally and forwardly offset from the third pivot and/ in this relationship/ the lateral offset is greater than the forward offset.
  • the main arm has greater strength in tension/ compression and flexion than the steering arm.
  • the first and second pivots are torque-transmitting means so that the main arm provides roll coupling between the tow vehicle and the trailer.
  • One of the pivots on the main arm may be a hinge joint which permits the main arm to swing horizontally but not vertically relative to the respective vehicle.
  • Another one of the pivot means on the main arm may be a universal joint or similar connection which is operable to prevent twisting movement of the main arm relative to the connected vehicle while also permitting vertical and horizontal swinging movement of the main arm relative to the connected vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a simplified plan view of a second embodiment of the invention wherein the pivot axes of the steering arm are forwardly offset with respect to the corresponding pivot axes of the main towing arm.
  • Fig. 3 is a side elevation view of the hitch mecha ⁇ nism of Fig. 2, illustrating the hinge joint at the rear end of the main arm/ and an exaggerated vertical spacing between the main arm and the steering arm.
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view of an embodiment of the in ⁇ vention wherein an automobile is the trailer vehicle/ and all pivots are formed by ball couplings.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan view which illustrates the posi ⁇ tioning of the hitch arms when the trailer is at different positions.
  • Fig. 6 shows the invention applied to a converter dolly trailer. This embodiment also is constructed to shift one of the pivots to change the steering characteristics of the hitch.
  • Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a pivot-shifting mechanism suitable for use in the apparatus of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the angles and proportions of a trailer hitch constructed accord ⁇ ing to the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is a side elevational view of a further embodiment of the invention wherein there is a third arm which is vertically aligned with the main arm and is operable to permit relative pitching movement between the vehicles while still permitting a portion of the trailer load to be borne by the tow vehicle.
  • Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view of a modified form of main arm which is used to provide roll coupling between a tow vehicle and a trailer vehicle.
  • This description includes a first part describing the physical structure of several embodiments of the in ⁇ vention, followed by a second part which describe their operation and function.
  • the main arm 1 is substantially on the longitudinal centerlines 12 and 13 of the towing vehicle 3 and trailer 5.
  • Ball connection means 2 at the forward end of the main arm 1 is securely attached to the rear of the towing vehicle 3 at its center- line 12.
  • the rear end of main arm 1 has a vertical hinge joint 4' connected to the front of the trailer 5.
  • hinge joint refers to a connection having a vertical pivot axis which permits an arm to swing horizontally but not vertically.
  • a steering arm 6 is in laterally spaced relation to the main arm 1.
  • the forward end of the steering arm 6 is connected by ball connection means 7 to the rear end of the towing vehicle 3 at a point which is laterally spaced from the centerline 13 of the towing vehicle 3.
  • a ball connection means 8 is securely attached to the trailer 5 at a position which lies at a greater distance from the trailer centerline 13 than the distance of ball connection means 7 from centerline 12.
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention provided with a main arm 1 and pivotal connections 2 and 4 which are similar to the corresponding components in Figure 1.
  • Steering arm 6 is similar to the equivalent structure shown in Figure 1 except that the pivotal connections 7 and 8 in Fig. 2 are located forwardly of the positions of the piv ⁇ otal connections 2 and 4 of main arm 1.
  • Figure 3 is an elevational view of the Fig. 2 embodiment. It, too, shows the main arm 1 connected at the front by ball coupler means 2 or the like to appropriate structure secured to the rear end of a tow vehicle 3.
  • the rearward end of main arm 1 is shown here with a vertical hinge connection means 4' suitably attached to the trailer 5.
  • the ends of the steering arm 6 is attached to the tow vehicle and trailer by ball coupler means 7 and 8.
  • the vertical distance between the main arm 1 and the steering arm 6 is exaggerated in Fig. 3, but it should be noted that ball coupler means 7 and the body of the steering arm 6 are at an elevation below the rear body structure of the tow vehicle 3 and below the ball coupler means 2 and the body of the main arm 1.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in which the trailer is an automobile.
  • a towing vehicle 3 is connected to the towed vehicle 5 by an arm 1 which has a ball connection means 2 at its for ⁇ ward end.
  • the rear end of the main arm 1 is provided with a ball connection 4 rather than a hinge connection 4' .
  • the ball connection means 4 is attached by support structure 44 to the front bumper 14 or other suitable structure of the towed vehicle 5.
  • the steering arm 6 has its front end attached by ball coupler means 7 or the like to the rear end of the towing vehicle 3.
  • the rear end of the steer ⁇ ing arm 6 is connected by a ball connection 8 to a support structure 88 affixed to the front bumper 14 of the towed vehicle.
  • Fig. 6 shows a converter dolly 11 which is the trailer. It is connected to the tow vehicle 3 by a hitch constructed according to the invention. Again, the main arm 1 lies substantially on the centerlines 12 and 13. Its for ⁇ ward end is connected to the rear end of the towing vehicle 3 by draft hook and eye 2'. A hinge connection means 4' con ⁇ nects the rear end of the main arm 1 to the frame of the converter dolly 11.
  • the steering arm 6 is laterally offset from the main arm 1.
  • the forward end of the steering arm 6 is securely attached by ball connection means 7 to the rear end of the towing vehicle 3 at a point spaced laterally from the centerline 12.
  • the rear end of the steer ⁇ ing arm 6 is attached by ball connection means 8 to the frame of the converter dolly 11, and this connection lies at a greater distance from the centerline 13 than the ball connec ⁇ tion means 7 is from the centerline 12.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 6 also can have a pivot-shifting feature which modifies the hitch geometry under certain circumstances.
  • the coupling ball is shiftable from the position 7 to the posi ⁇ tion 7 1 so that the steering arm will occupy the position 6' shown in broken lines.
  • the maneuvering characteristics of the vehi ⁇ cle are similar to those in existing dollies because the shifting reduces the steering effect of the steering arm on the trailer. Specifically, this reduces the "offtracking" which is the amount the trailer path deviates from the path of the tow vehicle.
  • FIG. 7 A suitable mechanism for shifting the pivot 7 is shown in Fig. 7 where it will be seen that the ball 20 of the coupling 7 is mounted on a U-shaped slide 22.
  • the slide is supported on a track 24 which is the lower flange of an I- beam 26, most of which is broken away in Fig. 7.
  • the upper flange of I-beam 26 is provided with holes for receiving bolts which support the slide at the rear of the tow vehicle so that the track 24 is at the position shown in broken lines in Fig. 6. It is also possible to mount the entire mechanism beneath an extension bumper which carries the pivot 2 and has an upper horizontal surface positioned coplanar with the floor of the towing vehicle.
  • the slide 22 and ball 20 are moved along the track 24 by a hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder 28 which has its rod connected to the slide 22.
  • the cylinder can be controlled automatically, in response to signals from vehicle speed sensing mechanisms, or it may be controlled from a panel in the cab provided with switches and visual indicators.
  • the mechanism will include latches for retaining the slide 22 securely when the connection 7 is in each of the positions illustrated in Fig. 6.
  • pivot axes A, B, C and D define four corners of a four bar linkage which is asymmetrical with respect to the axis 12 of the tow vehicle when the axes 12 and 13 are parallel.
  • Points A and B graphically represent the connections 2 and 4 at the forward and rear ends/ respec ⁇ tively, of the main arm 1 in Figs. 1-6.
  • Points C and D are third and fourth pivots which represent the connections at the forward and rear ends of the steering arms 6.
  • the main arm has an effective length AB
  • the steering arm has an effective length CD.
  • the distance AB should be no more than 1.5 times the distance CD.
  • AB should be no less than about 0.7 times CD.
  • the other two "links" AC and BD are on the tow vehicle and trailer, respectively, and the length AC is less than the length BD.
  • Pivot A lies on the longitudinal centerline 12 of the tow vehicle and pivot B lies on the longitudinal centerline 13 of the trailer. When the centerlines 12 and 13 are parallel as shown in Fig. 8, the angle ABD is greater than 45 degrees.
  • the rear pivots B and D are positioned so that the pivot D has a lateral ofset distance ED which is greater than its forward offset distance BD.
  • FIG. 9 A modified version of the invention is shown in Fig. 9, wherein ball couplings are provided at both ends of the main arm 1, the steering arm 6 and an auxiliary arm 30.
  • the auxiliary arm 30 is normally located in the same vertical plane as the main arm 1.
  • the ball coupling 32 at the forward end of auxiliary arm 30 provides the hitch with a fifth pivot means, and ball coupling 34 is a sixth pivot means which is at the rear end of arm 30.
  • the lengths, locations and pro ⁇ portions of the arms 1 and 6 correspond to the Fig. 2 embodi ⁇ ment to provide similar steering control of the trailer.
  • the arms 1 and 30 provide a vertical four bar linkage in which the distance from pivot 2 to pivot 32 is less than the distance from pivot 4 to pivot 34. This arrangement serves to transfer weight from the trailer to the tow vehicle while allowing the tow vehicle to pitch nat ⁇ urally.
  • FIG. 10 Another modification of the main arm 1, shown in Fig. 10, is used in vehicles where roll coupling between the tow vehicle and the trailer is desired.
  • the particular arrangement shown in Fig. 10 can be used in lieu of the main arms described above.
  • the universal joint is conventional in that it has a crosspiece 42 pivotally connected to stirrups 44 and 46 which are affixed to the tow vehicle and the main arm, respectively.
  • a fifth wheel type device may be mounted on the tow vehicle and engaged by the forward end of the main arm to provide a universal joint. In either case, the forward pivot will permit vertical and horizontal swinging movement of the main arm relative to the vehicle 3, while preventing twisting movement of the main arm relative to the vehicle 3.
  • pivot means as used in this speci ⁇ fication and claims is intended to embrace a wide variety of devices including ball-and-socket couplings of the type customarily used in trailer hitches, hinge connections which allow horizontal swinging movement while preventing vertical swinging movement, and universal joints which permit both vertical and horizontal swinging movement but not twisting movement relative to the connected vehicles.
  • a "fifth wheel” is one example of universal joints within this definition.
  • the terms “tow vehicle” and “trailer vehicle” are also intended to be embracing of any two vehicles, one of which is towed by the other. While the tow vehicle will normally have an engine or other propulsion means, it may be powerless as is the case in the midsection of a three-part articulated truck.
  • the trailer vehicle may be a conventional semitrailer, or it can be anything which is towed such as an automobile, a converter dolly, or a self-supporting trailer with four wheel sets and a non-detachable turntable front axle.
  • the joint at the rear end of the main arm can be a universal joint or a ball joint rather than a hinge joint.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)

Abstract

Un véhicule tracteur (3) et un véhicule tracté (5) sont reliés par un attelage à quatre barres qui possède un bras (1) aligné longitudinalement avec les axes longitudinaux centraux (12, 13) des véhicules, et un bras directeur (6) qui est espacé latéralement du bras principal. Des pivots (7, 8) aux extrémités avant et arrière du bras directeur sont décalés vers l'avant par rapport aux pivots correspondants (2, 4') du bras principal. La longueur du bras principal n'est pas supérieure à environ 1,5 fois la longueur du bras directeur. Le pivot arrière (8) du bras directeur est décalé latéralement et vers l'avant par rapport au pivot arrière (4') du bras principal, de sorte que le décalage latéral est supérieur au décalage vers l'avant. Dans une forme d'exécution, le pivot avant sur le bras directeur est latéralement déplaçable en direction du pivot avant sur le bras principal afin de réduire le déport de la remorque pour certaines manoeuvres et certaines circonstances de conduite. Dans une autre forme d'exécution, un bras supérieur (30) est disposé au-dessus du bras principal (1) et en relation de convergence vers l'avant par rapport à ce dernier afin de réaliser un attelage vertical à quatre barres permettant au véhicule tracteur de tanguer naturellement.
PCT/US1986/001431 1982-09-30 1986-07-09 Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres WO1988000149A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1986/001431 WO1988000149A1 (fr) 1982-09-30 1986-07-09 Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/428,537 US4598926A (en) 1982-09-30 1982-09-30 Asymmetrical four-bar link trailer hitch
PCT/US1986/001431 WO1988000149A1 (fr) 1982-09-30 1986-07-09 Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988000149A1 true WO1988000149A1 (fr) 1988-01-14

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PCT/US1986/001431 WO1988000149A1 (fr) 1982-09-30 1986-07-09 Attelage de remorque asymetrique a quatre barres

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1988000149A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988008619A1 (fr) * 1987-04-27 1988-11-03 Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Központi Fizikai Kutató Procede et equipement pour produire des materiaux supraconducteurs de haute qualite, et materiaux supraconducteurs ainsi obtenus
US4949987A (en) * 1982-09-30 1990-08-21 Gallatin Norman W Asymmetrical four-bar trailer hitch
US5262617A (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-11-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokyo Horaisha Cutting means for fabrics and the like utilizing a heated cutting means mounted on a movable carriage
US9981515B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2018-05-29 Metro Stucko Trailer alignment apparatus

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH143547A (de) * 1929-08-22 1930-11-15 Burkhardt Hans Anhängevorrichtung für Vierrad-Anhänger zu Traktoren.
US2159253A (en) * 1937-06-21 1939-05-23 William E Bush Trailer hitch
DE695898C (de) * 1936-12-15 1940-09-05 Hermann Wolf Einrichtung zum Verhindern der seitlichen Pendelbewegungen von Fahrzeuganhaengern
GB556290A (en) * 1942-06-03 1943-09-28 Alec Bishop Darvill Improvements in or relating to towing brackets for agricultural implements
US2444944A (en) * 1945-11-09 1948-07-13 Marvin J Minter Towing apparatus
US3105705A (en) * 1960-12-15 1963-10-01 Richard Paul Pierre Coupling arrangement between a halftrailer and a tractor
FR1550369A (fr) * 1967-11-08 1968-12-20
US3468557A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-09-23 Etablis Jean Ferrier Anti-sway device for use between a towing vehicle and a trailer
GB1167773A (en) * 1966-06-06 1969-10-22 Georges Carrez Improvements in or relating to Stabilizers for Coupling Systems
US3663039A (en) * 1969-10-24 1972-05-16 M M & W Inc Converter lock bar
US3787068A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-01-22 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Articulated trailer hitch
US3790191A (en) * 1971-10-07 1974-02-05 N Gallatin Trapezoidal trailer hitch
US4106794A (en) * 1975-09-08 1978-08-15 Sallis Daniel V Multiple bar linkage towing system
US4598926A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-07-08 Gallatin Norman W Asymmetrical four-bar link trailer hitch

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH143547A (de) * 1929-08-22 1930-11-15 Burkhardt Hans Anhängevorrichtung für Vierrad-Anhänger zu Traktoren.
DE695898C (de) * 1936-12-15 1940-09-05 Hermann Wolf Einrichtung zum Verhindern der seitlichen Pendelbewegungen von Fahrzeuganhaengern
US2159253A (en) * 1937-06-21 1939-05-23 William E Bush Trailer hitch
GB556290A (en) * 1942-06-03 1943-09-28 Alec Bishop Darvill Improvements in or relating to towing brackets for agricultural implements
US2444944A (en) * 1945-11-09 1948-07-13 Marvin J Minter Towing apparatus
US3105705A (en) * 1960-12-15 1963-10-01 Richard Paul Pierre Coupling arrangement between a halftrailer and a tractor
GB1167773A (en) * 1966-06-06 1969-10-22 Georges Carrez Improvements in or relating to Stabilizers for Coupling Systems
US3468557A (en) * 1966-11-07 1969-09-23 Etablis Jean Ferrier Anti-sway device for use between a towing vehicle and a trailer
FR1550369A (fr) * 1967-11-08 1968-12-20
US3663039A (en) * 1969-10-24 1972-05-16 M M & W Inc Converter lock bar
US3790191A (en) * 1971-10-07 1974-02-05 N Gallatin Trapezoidal trailer hitch
US3787068A (en) * 1972-09-25 1974-01-22 Bangor Punta Operations Inc Articulated trailer hitch
US4106794A (en) * 1975-09-08 1978-08-15 Sallis Daniel V Multiple bar linkage towing system
US4598926A (en) * 1982-09-30 1986-07-08 Gallatin Norman W Asymmetrical four-bar link trailer hitch

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4949987A (en) * 1982-09-30 1990-08-21 Gallatin Norman W Asymmetrical four-bar trailer hitch
WO1988008619A1 (fr) * 1987-04-27 1988-11-03 Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Központi Fizikai Kutató Procede et equipement pour produire des materiaux supraconducteurs de haute qualite, et materiaux supraconducteurs ainsi obtenus
US5262617A (en) * 1990-08-17 1993-11-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Tokyo Horaisha Cutting means for fabrics and the like utilizing a heated cutting means mounted on a movable carriage
US9981515B2 (en) 2016-06-03 2018-05-29 Metro Stucko Trailer alignment apparatus

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