Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
  • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
  • G01S15/74—Systems using reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method and a device for measuring a distance between two points by means of ultrasonic pulses.
• the distance between two points can be measured in various ways. It is known to send an electromagnetic, acoustic or optical signal from a point of origin so that it is reflected back from a target point to the point of origin. The distance between the points is determined on the basis of the to-and-fro transmission time. In this way of measuring, a passive echo from the target point is not usually sufficient, but the target has to be provided with a reflector in order that the magnitude of the echo to be received would be sufficient.
• U.S. Patent Specification 4,254,478 dis ⁇ closes a method for the determination of a distance by means of ultrasonic pulses, in which method the target point is provided with a transmitter which sends the pulse back to its point of origin after a determined delay.
• the function of the delay is to eliminate possible disturbing echos from the surroundings.
• a drawback of this known method for the determina ⁇ tion of a distance by means of ultrasonic pulses is that the transmitting and the receiving means are separate, and they are designed to function according to whether they are positioned at the point of origin or at the target point of the measuring interval. Furthermore, the measuring result can be read only at one end of the measuring interval. On account of the rigid nature of the measuring methods, it is not easy to observe a varying distance between measuring points.
• the object of the invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks and to provide a method for the measure ⁇ ment of distances, which method enables a more flexible operation than known methods. This is achieved by means of the method disclosed in the prior art portion of claim 1 by means of the operational steps described in the characterizing portion of the claim.
• the basic idea of the invention is to provide a method for measuring a d- ' stance in such a manner that devices positioned at different points interact with each other continuously and that the measuring result is visible in both devices.
• the object of the invention is to provide a measuring device which is suitable for the measuring method and which ensures the simplest possible use. This is achieved in accordance with the characterizing portion of claim 4.
• Figure 1 is a simplified view of transceiver units used in the method according to the invention and the interaction therebetween,
• Figure 2 illustrates on a time axis the significant events of the measuring procedure according to Figure 1 ,
• FIG 3 is a block diagram of the structure of the transceiver unit used in the method according to the invention.
• the transceiver (transmitter-recei ⁇ ver) units LVA and LVB are positioned at a determined distance from each other.
• the transceiver unit LVA com ⁇ prises a transmitter L and a receiver V.
• the transceiver unit LVB correspondingly a transmitter _ o and a receiver V
• the measuring can be started at either end of the measuring interval.
• the measuring is started by means of the device LVA by sending with the transmitter L an ultrasonic pulse to the device LVB, the counter of the device LVA being started simultaneously (the counter is not shown in Figure 1 for the sake of clarity).
• the upper time axis, indicated LVA illustrates the signifi ⁇ cant events of the device LVA
• the lower time axis, indicated LVB illustrates the significant events of the device LVB.
• the pulse is received by the receiver Vi_s at a moment t ? , the delay means of the device LVB being started simultaneously (said means is not shown in Figure 1).
• the transmission time from the device LVA to the device LVB is indicated by T in Figures 1 and 2.
• the delay is intended to delay the transmission until any possible disturbing reflections are fatigued.
• the trans- mitter L ⁇ After the delay time at ⁇ t of the device LVB is pased, the trans- mitter L ⁇ sends an ultrasonic pulse USP ⁇ at a moment t, , the counter of the device LVB being started simultaneous ⁇ ly (the counter is not shown in Figure 1).
• the pulse sent is received after the transmission time T at a moment t. in the device LVA, the delay means of the device LVA being started simultaneously (the means is not shown), and the counter which was started earlier at the moment t. is stopped, whereafter the measuring result calculated on the basis of the time interval measured by the counter can be read in the device LVA.
• the transmitter L A After the delay time ⁇ t of the device LVA, preferably equal to that of the device LVB, the transmitter L A sends an ultrasonic pulse USP, at a moment t,-, which pulse is received by the receiver V prepare of the device LVB after the transmission time T at a moment t g , as a result of which the delay means of the device LVB is started, and the counter which was started earlier at the moment t, is stopped, whereafter the measuring result is visible in the device LVB, too.
• the device again sends an ultrasonic pulse and the measuring procedure continues as described above, the devices interacting continuously with each other.
• the length of the ' delay time ⁇ t of the devices has to be selected so that it is sufficiently long in view of the largest operating range between the devices and the speed of travel of the pulse in the medium.
• the distance between the devices can, of course, be calculated from the measured time interval.
• Figure 3 illstrates more closely the structure of the transceiver unit LVA or LVB according to the inven ⁇ tion.
• a transceiver sensor 1 operating at equal transmission and reception frequencies is connected to a transceiver component 2 the reception side of which comprises a reception amplifier 3 connected after the sensor 1 , and a detector circuit 4 and a pulse shaping circuit 5 connected after the reception amplifier.
• a pulse is applied to the sensor 1 through a transmission amplifier 6.
• the transceiver component 2 is connected through a bus 7 to a counter and control gate component 8 which communicates through a two-way bus 10 with a processor component 9 controlling the operations of the apparatus.
• the processor component 9 controls a display unit 11 through a bus 12.
• a cali ⁇ bration component 13 is connected both the the counter and control gate component 8 and to the processor compo ⁇ nent 9.
• the programmability of the device is represented by a program component 14 attached to the processor component 9.
• Figure 3 also shows a current source component 15 supplying current to the device.
• the speed of travel of the ultrasonic pulse varies, depending on the medium and its tempera- ture, for example, it is necessary to calibrate the device for the operating conditions in each particular case.
• This measuring of the speed of travel by means of the calibration component 13 can be .carried out in many ways, e.g. manually over a known distance, or automa- tically, whereby the processor component 9 corrects the measuring result.
• the calibration is not within the scope of the inventive idea, so it is not more closely discussed here.
• the delays ⁇ t essential to the devices, can be effected by the processor 9, which controls the opera ⁇ tions of the device, on account of which no separate delay means are shown in Figure 3.
• the processor 9 is informed of a received pulse through the control gates and the channel 10, and it gives a transmission signal to the transceiver component after the delay time.
• the compensation of the delay for obtaining a correct measuring result can also be carried out by the processor 9 so that the delay is taken into account with the pro ⁇ cessor calculates the measuring result.
• the compensation can be carried out in the counter and control gate component 8 so that the counter does not start the effective counting until the delay time has passed after the reception of the starting pulse by the counter.
• Desired measuring results can be stored in the memory of the processor component 9; further, it is possible to display on the display 11 not only the measured distance but also the change of a distance, for instance. Naturally, it is also possible to carry out other calculating operations by the processor 9 and display them on the display unit 11.
• the invention has been described above with reference to the example of the attached drawing, it is self-evident that the invention is not restricted thereto, but it can be modified in various ways. For example, if no response is obtained to a sent ultrasonic pulse in a determined period of time, the sending of the pulse can be continued until a response pulse is obtained from the other device.
• the structural details of the transceiver unit can be varied considerably within the inventive idea set forth in the following claims. It is also possible to use more than two devices simultaneously by synchronizing the devices with each other, i.e. by alternately measuring the distance between any two of the devices.

Landscapes

• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
• Remote Sensing (AREA)
• Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8522047

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (6)

Families Citing this family (12)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 1986
  • 1986-01-28 FI FI860394A patent/FI75678C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1987
  • 1987-01-27 NL NL8720014A patent/NL8720014A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1987-01-27 WO PCT/FI1987/000014 patent/WO1987004527A1/en active Application Filing
  • 1987-01-27 US US07/099,920 patent/US4894810A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1987-01-27 GB GB8816812A patent/GB2207504B/en not_active Expired
  • 1987-01-27 DE DE19873790018 patent/DE3790018T1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1987-09-25 DK DK504887A patent/DK504887A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
• 1988
  • 1988-07-27 SE SE8802737A patent/SE458071B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (4)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events