WO1987000349A1

WO1987000349A1 - Movement system

Info

Publication number: WO1987000349A1
Application number: PCT/EP1986/000405
Authority: WO
Inventors: Werner Auer; Gerd Ruff
Original assignee: Teldix Gmbh
Priority date: 1985-07-11
Filing date: 1986-07-09
Publication date: 1987-01-15
Also published as: EP0228427B1; DE3687746D1; DE3524713A1; EP0228427A1

Abstract

A movement system, in particular for adjusting the rotor of a wave-guide switch in two switching positions. The rotor comprises, for example , a single-pole permanent magnet pair (24). On the stator side, two drive coils (28, 29) are fixed to a coil support (30). By energizing one of these coils (28, 29) the rotor is brought close to one switching position. The switching positions are defined by the mechanical stops (32, 33) on the stator side and by the neck (25) on the rotor side. By means for example of an appropriate permanent magnet part (34, 35), the forces of attraction come into play at the switching positions between the rotor and these parts, which move the rotor into the switching positions. In order to damp the transition behaviour of the rotor into the selected position an eddy current damping system (26, 27) is provided, with braking coils (short-circuit windings) which are in addition fixed to the coils on the stator and come into action in the vicinity of the switching positions.

Description

Movement arrangement

The invention relates to a movement arrangement, in particular for setting the rotor of a high-frequency switch in predetermined switching positions.

From DE-OS 28 50 444 a device for damping the movement of a primary element is known which is suitable for the above-mentioned application. This device shows a rotor, on which stops are arranged, which meet a movable damping arm when an end position of the rotor is reached. The damping arm is resiliently mounted, but its rotational speed is limited. This slows down the speed of the rotor and causes it to slowly adjust to the end position. The mechanical contact between the rotor and the damping arm creates a frictional force which cannot be precisely defined and which, if the rotor drive torque is too low, may prevent the end position from reaching. In addition, only a two-position switch can be realized with this known construction. A direct current motor is usually also used to drive the rotor, the setting of a rotor in a few switching positions not justifying such a high outlay.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a movement arrangement, in particular for waveguide and other HF switches, which has a simple structure and is suitable for setting the switch in any number of positions.

This object is achieved in that at least two electrically controllable coils on the stator side and at least one permanent magnet on the rotor side are arranged in such a way that by alternately actuating the coils, the rotor is at least approximately moved into the predetermined switching positions, with a non-contact operation of the delay element is provided, which brakes the rotor movement in the vicinity of the predetermined switching position.

The invention is described below using a waveguide switch. Of course, a coaxial switch and other switches for high frequency can also be provided with the arrangement according to the invention.

A waveguide switch is described, for example, in "Taschen¬ der der Hochfrequenz.technik", 2nd edition, Berlin / Göt¬ tingen / Heidelberg 1962, p. 634. Such waveguide switches are required, for example, to switch reserve microwave devices into a system in order to replace a defective device if such a measure is necessary for reasons of operational safety. A need for security to provide reserve devices which can be put into operation by means of waveguide switches, exists in particular in the case of space missiles.

In general, in the case of a waveguide switch, an attempt is made to keep the contact resistances between the movable and the fixed waveguide paths low. This means a very precise assignment of movable and fixed parts of the waveguide switch in the switching positions. It is therefore proposed in one embodiment of the invention, after the rotor has been moved into a position close to the switching position by actuating the coils, to move the rotor into the switching position and to hold it there by utilizing permanent magnetic attraction forces. This is done, for example, by the fact that a permanent magnet arranged on the rotor is opposed by a soft or hard magnetic pole formation arranged on the stator side. The attractive force between these two magnetic fixing elements results in a very precise assignment of the rotor and stator Realize any number of switch positions.

Switching positions can of course also be defined by mechanical stops.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed to design the deceleration element, which brakes the rotor movement in the vicinity of the switching positions, in the manner of an eddy current brake. For this purpose, the permanent magnets arranged on the rotor can be used in an advantageous manner. These are opposite with the formation of a small air gap between the Switch positions arranged well electrically conductive materials. Of course, an eddy current damping device in the form of a high-pole magnet arrangement is also possible, which is separate from the drive. A further proposal for damping the rotor movement provides for so-called brake coils to be arranged on the stator in addition to the coils for driving the rotor. These have the task of generating a counter torque to the drive torque at least in the vicinity of the switch positions and can be supplied with the supply voltage of the drive coils. The control by a voltage has the advantage of a voltage-independent drive torque. If the supply voltage increases and thus the drive torque caused by the drive coils, the counter-directional torque of the brake coils also increases at the same time. The resulting moment does not change.

According to a further development, it is proposed according to claim 8 to assign a short-circuit winding to the drive coils. Its job is to dampen interference voltages that can impulse the coils.

According to the features of claim 10, it is proposed to provide the stator-side yoke element for the magnetic yoke with a cross section at least in a partial area, which then drives this partial area into saturation when an excessive supply voltage is present. This also allows the drive torque to be limited within a certain range.

It is further proposed according to the features of claim 11 that the coil carrier element 8 consisting of soft iron has at least one taper 8a, which serves to generate a torque and excludes a middle position of the switch. The invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings. The features that can be gathered from the description and the drawings can be used in other embodiments of the invention individually or in combination in any combination.

Show it:

1 shows the construction of a movement arrangement for a waveguide switch with tapers for generating a moment,

2 the schematic representation of a coil arrangement,

3 shows a moment diagram of the coil arrangement of the coil arrangement shown in FIG. 2,

4 shows a movement arrangement in a settlement,

5 is a moment diagram of the arrangement shown in FIG. 4,

6 shows a movement arrangement for four switching positions in one development,

7 shows the arrangement shown in FIG. 6 in plan view,

8 shows a waveguide switch with magnetic fixing elements,

Fig. 9 shows the torque characteristic of the fixing elements shown in Fig. 8.

The movement arrangement as shown in FIG. 1 a represents the rotor of a waveguide switch coupled to it, not shown here, in two positions offset by 90 ° from one another. Further details on the structure and mode of operation of a waveguide switch are found in German patent application DE-OS 34 41 728 included. The element connected to the rotor of the waveguide switch is the rotor part 1, which is mounted rotatably about the axis 2. At the two poles of the rotor part 1 magnets 3, 4 are arranged, which are provided with pole plates 5, 6 and generate a homogeneous, rectified magnetic field in the air gap 7. The air gap 7 is delimited radially by a stator-side coil support element 8, which is provided with radially directed projections 13-16 for receiving four coils 9-12. The coil support element 8 and a yoke ring 17 which surrounds this on the outside in a ring are made of soft magnetic material.

In addition to the coils 9-12, short-circuit windings 18-21 in the form of aluminum sleeves are arranged on the approaches. By activating the coils, the rotor can be moved either into the position shown - the coils 9 and 11 are activated - or into the position offset by 90 ° - the coils 10 and 12 are activated. The short-circuit windings have the task of damping short current impulses which may occur due to disturbances in order to prevent the rotor from being misaligned. If the control voltage of the coils 9-12 is not limited, appropriate dimensioning of the return ring 17 can ensure that high voltages lead to the saturation limit in the return ring 17 being exceeded and thus increasing the total air gap. In the example shown, this is achieved in that the yoke ring 17 has a reduced cross section at four points. This measure is necessary in order to avoid excessive accelerations of the rotor when a high supply voltage is applied. The coil carrier element 8 additionally has tapers 8a, the design of which can be seen in FIG. 1b. These tapers serve to generate a torque which avoids a central position of the rotor part 1 between the stops 32, 33.

A schematic representation of the coils 9-12 shown in FIG. 1 a is shown in FIG. 2. In addition to these coils 9-12, at least two brake coils 22, 23 are provided. This brake coils generate a 9-12 directed counter field to the field of the coils and be¬ thus act in some other way an attenuation of the effect Wir¬ to high supply voltages _U] _, ^ ü. Of course, all coils can be supplemented with brake coils. The brake coils allow a braked run-in of the rotor into the switching position due to a resulting increase in deceleration in the final phase of the rotor movement.

3 shows a torque characteristic curve which describes the drive torque of the coils. Here curve A shows the torque curve when the rotor moves from a position S 1 to a position S ₂ . Curve B shows the torque curve when the rotor is reset to position S ₁ . The moment curve of both curves is characterized by a restoring moment occurring near the end position. This driving moment is caused by the brake coils and causes the deceleration described above. Without brake coils, the torque follows the course shown in dashed lines in the vicinity of the end positions and becomes zero in the end positions. In order to ensure that the rotor remains in the end positions, permanent magnetic fixing elements are arranged between the rotor part and the stator part. The structure of these elements is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. The movement element shown in FIG. 4 shows in a development the two-pole magnet 24 of the rotor part, on which there is an extension 25 and several magnetic elements 26 of an eddy current damping device 27. On the stator side, the drive coils 28, 29 are arranged with an annular coil carrier 30, a shielding plate 31, stops 32, 33 and two ferrite parts 34 and 35. The function of this movement element corresponds to the structure shown in FIG. One drive coil each, which can also be designed as a pair of coils, as shown in FIG. 1 a, moves the rotor to a switching position. However, the drive coils are arranged in such a way that they do not move the rotor part into the switching position, but only in the immediate vicinity thereof. For example, when the drive coil 29 is actuated, the rotor part is moved into a position in which the extension 25 is in the dashed position. The movement into the switching position, in which the extension 25 bears against the stop 33, is brought about by the magnetic attraction force in the horizontal direction between the magnets 24 and the ferrite part 35. The movement of the rotor part into the opposite switching position takes place in the same way. The arrangement of the drive coils 28, 29 as shown here requires a shielding plate 31 which is designed as an annular disk and is fastened to the coil carrier 30 within the coils. This shielding plate has the task of deflecting the field lines of the magnets in such a way that they do not cut the lower part of the coils and thus generate an almost equal counter torque. On the other hand, the shielding plate 31 should have a cross section which is dimensioned such that an increased supply voltage leads to magnetic saturation in the shielding plate and thus a damping effect is achieved in this case. A speed reduction Pending damping of the rotor movement is achieved by an eddy current damping device 27, which consists of a plurality of magnetic elements 26, arranged arbitrarily on the rotor part, and an electrically conductive sheet metal attached on the stator side. The effect of the eddy current damping can extend both over the entire adjustment range and only over a partial range.

The diagram in FIG. 5 shows the torque curve of the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4. The two switch positions are defined by the external limit S ^ and S2. The drive coil 28 shown in Fig. 4 created during movement of the rotor part in the switching position entspre¬ accordingly S- ^ _j _ι en represented by the curve C Momentenver¬ run. In the zero crossing of the curve, the moment caused by the permanent magnetic attraction of the magnets 24 and the ferrite part 34 - represented by the curve F - is so great that after the drive voltage has been switched off, this moment moves the rotor part to the stop. It is important here that the rotor part is moved so close to the switching position by means of the drive coil 28 that this torque (curve F) is substantially greater than the frictional torque S _R which characterizes the bearing of the rotor part. In the same way, after the drive coil 29 has been actuated, the rotor part is moved into the switching position with the moments shown in curves D and E.

This behavior is supported by at least one taper 8a on the stator side of the coil carrier element 8 consisting of soft iron, which causes the torque peaks curves G and H and thereby increases the torque curve, in each case via the friction torque S _R. The moment peak G drives the rotor towards the left stop, while the moment peak H moves the rotor towards the right stop. A movement arrangement for four switching positions is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, FIG. 7 being a top view of the section shown in FIG. 6. The rotor here again consists of a single-pole magnet 36 with a shoulder 37. Stator side are stops 38, 39, four pairs of drive coils 40-43, 40a-43a, which are fastened on a coil carrier, and ferrite parts 44, 45 for generation of the tightening torques in the two outer end positions. With the coils 41 / 41a and 42 / 42a, the rotor is moved to two intermediate positions. How the rotor can be fixed in these intermediate positions, for example, is explained with reference to FIG. 8. There, a cylindrical permanent magnet 47 with an axial magnetization direction is inserted into the rotor 46. On the stator side, cylindrical ferrite parts or permanent magnets are also arranged in accordance with the switching positions. The attractive forces thus bring about a very precise assignment of the rotor to the switch positions.

The torque curve of the permanent magnetic torque is shown in FIG. 9. The position A corresponds to the switching position shown in FIG. 8. The setting error tx is due to the bearing friction of the rotor bearing and can be kept very low with a corresponding increase in the torque characteristic at the zero crossing. To advance the rotor, a torque of the drive coils is required which is above the maximum moments Mmax + / Mmax- of the permanent magnetic moment curve. In order to move the rotor into the switch position, it is sufficient to set the spool within the range a by means of the drive. The magnetic attractive forces then fix the rotor within the range α _R.

Claims

1. Movement arrangement, in particular for adjusting the rotor of a high-frequency switch in predetermined switching positions, characterized in that at least two electrically controllable coils (9-12) on the gate side and at least one permanent magnet (24) on the rotor side are attached such that by alternating or common Activation of the coils of the rotor (1) is moved at least approximately into the predetermined switching positions, a non-contacting delay element (22, 23, 27) is provided which brakes the rotor movement in the vicinity of the predetermined switching position.

2. Movement arrangement according to claim 1, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the stator side at least two parts made of magnetic material (34, 35) are arranged such that these in connection with the or another rotor-side permanent magnet (3, 4) the rotor (1 ) move into the defined switch positions.

3. Movement arrangement according to claim 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that switching positions are defined by mechanical stops (32, 33).

4. Movement arrangement according to claim 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that switching positions are defined by the permanent¬ magnetic force using fixing elements (47).

5. Movement arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the deceleration of the rotor (1) by means of an eddy current damping device. direction (27) is effected, which is effective in the vicinity of the switch positions.

6. Movement arrangement according to claim 5, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the eddy current damping device (27) consists of a stator-side arranged electrically well-conducting element in which eddy currents are generated by rotor elements arranged on the rotor side (26).

7. Movement arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that additional brake coils (22, 23) are arranged on the stator side, which are effective in the vicinity of the switching positions in that they act on the moment of the first coils (9- 12) generate opposing moment.

8. Movement arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each coil (9-12) is assigned a short-circuit winding (18-21).

9. Movement arrangement according to claim 8, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the short-circuit winding (18-21) on the carrier of the coil (9-12) is arranged such that high-frequency voltage pulses are damped on the coil.

10. Movement arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stator element (17) is provided on the stator side, with a cross section which causes saturation of the yoke element when a coil voltage above the nominal voltage is applied.

11. Movement arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a stator-side coil support element (8) made of soft iron is provided and that this has at least one taper (8a) which serves to generate a torque.

Reference list

1 rotor part

2 axis

3 magnets

4 magnets

5 pole plate

6 pole plate

7 air gap

8 coil carrier element

8a rejuvenation

9 coil

10 spool

11 coil

12 spool

13 approach

14 approach

15 approach

16 approach

17 return ring

18 short-circuit winding

19 short-circuit winding 0 short-circuit winding

21 short-circuit winding

22 brake coil

23 brake coil 4 magnet

25 approach

26 magnetic elements

27 Eddy current damping device 8 Drive coil 9 Drive coil

30 coil carriers

31 shielding plate

32 stop 3 stop

34 ferrite part 5 ferrite part 6 magnet 7 approach 8 stop 9 stop 0 drive coil 0a drive coil 1 drive coil 1a Ä drive coil 2 drive coil - 2a drive coil 3 drive coil 3a drive coil 4 ferrite part 5 ferrite part 6 rotor 7 permanent magnet