WO1986004403A1 - Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor - Google Patents

Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986004403A1
WO1986004403A1 PCT/FI1986/000008 FI8600008W WO8604403A1 WO 1986004403 A1 WO1986004403 A1 WO 1986004403A1 FI 8600008 W FI8600008 W FI 8600008W WO 8604403 A1 WO8604403 A1 WO 8604403A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reactor
turbulence
solids
fluidized bed
flue gases
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI1986/000008
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Folke ENGSTRÖM
Original Assignee
A. Ahlstrom Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A. Ahlstrom Corporation filed Critical A. Ahlstrom Corporation
Publication of WO1986004403A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986004403A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C1/00—Apparatus in which the main direction of flow follows a flat spiral ; so-called flat cyclones or vortex chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/02—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed
    • F23C10/04—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone
    • F23C10/08—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus with means specially adapted for achieving or promoting a circulating movement of particles within the bed or for a recirculation of particles entrained from the bed the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone characterised by the arrangement of separation apparatus, e.g. cyclones, for separating particles from the flue gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2206/00—Fluidised bed combustion
    • F23C2206/10—Circulating fluidised bed
    • F23C2206/101—Entrained or fast fluidised bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2900/00—Special arrangements for conducting or purifying combustion fumes; Treatment of fumes or ashes
    • F23J2900/15026—Cyclone separators with horizontal axis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a horizontal cyclone separator, the gas inlet channel of which is connected to the upper part of the reactor, a return channel for solids to the lower part of the reactor, and a gas outlet channel to a convection part of the reactor.
  • the object of the invention is to accomplish a separator to be used with circulating fluidized bed reactors with which separator the solids in the flue gases can effectively be separated and a space saving construction accomplished.
  • the circulating fluidized bed technique has long been applied e.g. in calcinators and is nowadays applied to a growing extent in various reactors, such as boilers and gasifiers.
  • the separation of solids from flue gases takes place in an ordinary, in its lower part funnel-shaped cyclone separator, in the cylindrical turbulence chamber of which is disposed a gas outlet pipe that leads the gases upwards, and from which solids are returned to the reactor via a discharge pipe.
  • the present invention provides a solution which avoids the above mentioned problems.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is mainly characte ⁇ rized in that there is a plurality of parallell turbulence chambers in the horizontal cyclone separator, between the opposite end walls of which are formed gas outlet channels.
  • a gas outlet in the opposite end walls of the parallel turbulence chambers, i.e. gas is discharged through the both end walls in each turbulence chamber, possibly with the exception of the turbu ⁇ lence chambers at the both ends of the device. For that reason the outlets are small which again makes it possible to diminish the diameter of the turbulence chambers.
  • fig. 1 shows a vertical section of one embodiment of the in ⁇ vention
  • fig. 2 shows a section along the line A-A in fig.l.
  • fig. 3 shows a section along the line B-B in fig.l.
  • the steam boiler shown in the figure comprises a combustion chamber 5 defined by four walls 1-4 formed by tubes that have been welded together in a way known per se.
  • the tubes form heat transfer surfaces of the boiler and they have been connected to the boiler circulation system in a way that has not been described in detail.
  • a fuel inlet channel 6 is located in the lower part of the combustion chamber. There are also inlet channels 7 and 8 for primary gas and secondary gas respectively.
  • a horizontal cyclone separator 9 is located on top of the com ⁇ bustion chamber. Beside the combustion chamber is situated a vertical convection part 10 which is defined by tube walls 11-14 and in which heat transfer surfaces 15 additionally have been disposed.
  • Front and back walls 1, 3 of the combustion chamber and a wall 11 of the convection part parallel with the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber have been used to form the cyclone separator.
  • the front wall 1 of the combustion chamber and the wall 11 of the convection part have been bended towards each other and connected with each other to form a cylindrical upper part 16 of the separator.
  • the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber has been bended towards the front wall to form a ceiling 17 of the combustion chamber and runs then parallelly with the cylindrical part of the front wail so that they form together an inner- and outer wall 19, 20 of the gas inlet channel 18 of the separator.
  • a partition wall 26 divides the separator into parallelly functioning units 24 and 25. Each unit has been provided with a guide 27 the inner surface 28 of which forms with the inner surfaces 29 and 30 of the cylindrical upper part of the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber and the wall 11 of the con ⁇ vection part parallel turbulence chambers 31 and 32.
  • the par ⁇ tition walls 26 with openings 33 form end walls of turbu ⁇ lence chambers and side walls of return channels.
  • Each tur ⁇ bulence chamber has been connected to its own return channel. Passages 34 between the turbulence chambers open into the convection part.
  • Tubes 35 o " f the front wall of the combustion chamber, tubes 36 of the wall 11 of the convection part and tubes 37 of the opposite wall 13 have been connected to a collector tube 38 and tubes 39 of the back wall of the combustion chamber have been connected to a collector tube 40.
  • the solids concentrated on the outer periphery of the turbu ⁇ lence chambers are discharged from the turbulence chamber through openings 41 and 42 formed between the guide 27 and the walls 3 and 11 and returned to the combustion chamber through return channels 21.
  • the purified gases flow through the openings 33 in the end walls of -the turbulence chambers and through channels 34 formed between these to the convection part 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a horizontal cyclone separator (9), the gas inlet channel (18) of which is connected to the upper part of the reactor, a return channel of the solids (21) to the lower part of the reactor, and a gas outlet (34) to a convection part (10) of the reactor. In order to accomplish a compact construction, there is a plurality of parallel turbulence chambers (31, 32) in the cyclone separator, the opposite walls (26) of which form gas outlet channels (34) between the turbulence channels.

Description

Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a horizontal cyclone separator, the gas inlet channel of which is connected to the upper part of the reactor, a return channel for solids to the lower part of the reactor, and a gas outlet channel to a convection part of the reactor.
The object of the invention is to accomplish a separator to be used with circulating fluidized bed reactors with which separator the solids in the flue gases can effectively be separated and a space saving construction accomplished.
The circulating fluidized bed technique has long been applied e.g. in calcinators and is nowadays applied to a growing extent in various reactors, such as boilers and gasifiers. In known applications, the separation of solids from flue gases takes place in an ordinary, in its lower part funnel-shaped cyclone separator, in the cylindrical turbulence chamber of which is disposed a gas outlet pipe that leads the gases upwards, and from which solids are returned to the reactor via a discharge pipe.
In large circulating fluidized bed reactors several separators are usually used which makes the gas channel system complicated and requires several expansion joints.
The present invention provides a solution which avoids the above mentioned problems.
The apparatus according to the invention is mainly characte¬ rized in that there is a plurality of parallell turbulence chambers in the horizontal cyclone separator, between the opposite end walls of which are formed gas outlet channels.
In one embodiment of the invention there is a gas outlet in the opposite end walls of the parallel turbulence chambers, i.e. gas is discharged through the both end walls in each turbulence chamber, possibly with the exception of the turbu¬ lence chambers at the both ends of the device. For that reason the outlets are small which again makes it possible to diminish the diameter of the turbulence chambers.
Because there are several similar, parts having plane surfaces in the device according to the invention it is easy to manu¬ facture. The solution is also space and material saving.
The invention will be described in detail in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing in which
fig. 1 shows a vertical section of one embodiment of the in¬ vention,
fig. 2 shows a section along the line A-A in fig.l. and
fig. 3 shows a section along the line B-B in fig.l.
The steam boiler shown in the figure comprises a combustion chamber 5 defined by four walls 1-4 formed by tubes that have been welded together in a way known per se. The tubes form heat transfer surfaces of the boiler and they have been connected to the boiler circulation system in a way that has not been described in detail.
A fuel inlet channel 6 is located in the lower part of the combustion chamber. There are also inlet channels 7 and 8 for primary gas and secondary gas respectively. A horizontal cyclone separator 9 is located on top of the com¬ bustion chamber. Beside the combustion chamber is situated a vertical convection part 10 which is defined by tube walls 11-14 and in which heat transfer surfaces 15 additionally have been disposed.
Front and back walls 1, 3 of the combustion chamber and a wall 11 of the convection part parallel with the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber have been used to form the cyclone separator. The front wall 1 of the combustion chamber and the wall 11 of the convection part have been bended towards each other and connected with each other to form a cylindrical upper part 16 of the separator. The back wall 3 of the combustion chamber has been bended towards the front wall to form a ceiling 17 of the combustion chamber and runs then parallelly with the cylindrical part of the front wail so that they form together an inner- and outer wall 19, 20 of the gas inlet channel 18 of the separator.
Using the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber and the wall 11 of the convection part two opposite walls 22, 23 of return channels 21 have been formed that connect the separator to the lower part of the combustion chamber.
A partition wall 26 divides the separator into parallelly functioning units 24 and 25. Each unit has been provided with a guide 27 the inner surface 28 of which forms with the inner surfaces 29 and 30 of the cylindrical upper part of the back wall 3 of the combustion chamber and the wall 11 of the con¬ vection part parallel turbulence chambers 31 and 32. The par¬ tition walls 26 with openings 33 form end walls of turbu¬ lence chambers and side walls of return channels. Each tur¬ bulence chamber has been connected to its own return channel. Passages 34 between the turbulence chambers open into the convection part. Tubes 35 o"f the front wall of the combustion chamber, tubes 36 of the wall 11 of the convection part and tubes 37 of the opposite wall 13 have been connected to a collector tube 38 and tubes 39 of the back wall of the combustion chamber have been connected to a collector tube 40.
When leaving the combustion chamber the flue gases containing solids are lead to turbulence chambers 31, 32 of the parallel separation units through a gas inlet channel 18 that is tangentially connected to the turbulence chamber.
The solids concentrated on the outer periphery of the turbu¬ lence chambers are discharged from the turbulence chamber through openings 41 and 42 formed between the guide 27 and the walls 3 and 11 and returned to the combustion chamber through return channels 21. The purified gases flow through the openings 33 in the end walls of -the turbulence chambers and through channels 34 formed between these to the convection part 10.
The invention is not limited to the . above embodiment but it can be modified and applied within the inventive concept defined by the claims.

Claims

Claims;
1. An apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor having a horizontal cyclone separator (9) , the inlet channel (18) of which is connected to the upper part of the reactor, a return channel of the solids (21) to the lower part of the reactor, and a gas outlet (34) to a convection part (10) of the reactor, c h a r a c t er i z e d by a plurality of parallell turbulence chambers (31, 32) in the cyclone separator (9)., between the opposite end walls (26) of which are formed gas outlet channels (34) .
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e¬ r i z e d in that the turbulence chambers (31, 32) have a common gas inlet channel (18) .
3. An apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e- r i z e d by a gas outlet (33) in the opposite end walls (26) of the parallel turbulence channels (31, 32).
4. An apparatus according to claims 1, 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e¬ r i z e d in that each turbulence chamber (31, 32) is connected to its own return channel (21) for solids.
PCT/FI1986/000008 1985-01-29 1986-01-23 Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor WO1986004403A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI850373 1985-01-29
FI850373A FI85414C (en) 1985-01-29 1985-01-29 ANORDINATION FOR AVAILABILITY OF FAST MATERIAL ON A FREON AND REACTOR WITH A CIRCULAR BEDD.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986004403A1 true WO1986004403A1 (en) 1986-07-31

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ID=8520279

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1986/000008 WO1986004403A1 (en) 1985-01-29 1986-01-23 Apparatus for separating solids from flue gases in a circulating fluidized bed reactor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4699068A (en)
EP (1) EP0246235A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61502835A (en)
AU (1) AU5394586A (en)
CA (1) CA1261122A (en)
FI (1) FI85414C (en)
WO (1) WO1986004403A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987001791A1 (en) * 1985-09-11 1987-03-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
DE3640377A1 (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR BURNING CARBONATED MATERIALS IN A FLUIDIZED LAYER REACTOR AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD

Families Citing this family (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5171542A (en) * 1984-03-20 1992-12-15 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
US4900516A (en) * 1984-06-01 1990-02-13 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Fluidized bed reactor
AU580495B2 (en) * 1985-01-29 1989-01-12 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidizied bed boiler
FI86105C (en) * 1985-11-19 1992-07-10 Ahlstroem Oy Method and apparatus for controlling the operation of a fluidized bed reactor
EP0311599B1 (en) * 1985-12-09 1990-11-07 A. Ahlstrom Corporation A circulating fluidized bed reactor and a method of separating solid material from the flue gases
FI85184C (en) * 1986-05-19 1992-03-10 Ahlstroem Oy VIRVELBAEDDSREAKTOR.
US4869207A (en) * 1987-07-13 1989-09-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
US4896717A (en) * 1987-09-24 1990-01-30 Campbell Jr Walter R Fluidized bed reactor having an integrated recycle heat exchanger
US4915061A (en) * 1988-06-06 1990-04-10 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor utilizing channel separators
US5275788A (en) * 1988-11-11 1994-01-04 Peter Stoholm Circulating fluidized bed reactor
US4951612A (en) * 1989-05-25 1990-08-28 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor utilizing integral curved arm separators
US4947804A (en) * 1989-07-28 1990-08-14 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed steam generation system and method having an external heat exchanger
US4920924A (en) * 1989-08-18 1990-05-01 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed steam generating system including a steam cooled cyclone separator
FI88200C (en) * 1990-01-29 1993-04-13 Tampella Oy Ab FOERBRAENNINGSANLAEGGNING
US5174799A (en) * 1990-04-06 1992-12-29 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Horizontal cyclone separator for a fluidized bed reactor
US5460788A (en) * 1991-09-25 1995-10-24 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Centrifugal separator in pressure vessel
US5601788A (en) * 1991-09-25 1997-02-11 Foster Wheeler Energia Oy Combined cycle power plant with circulating fluidized bed reactor
US5218931A (en) * 1991-11-15 1993-06-15 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed steam reactor including two horizontal cyclone separators and an integral recycle heat exchanger
US5343830A (en) * 1993-03-25 1994-09-06 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Circulating fluidized bed reactor with internal primary particle separation and return
US5363812A (en) * 1994-02-18 1994-11-15 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for controlling the bed temperature in a circulating fluidized bed reactor
TW299245B (en) * 1994-11-30 1997-03-01 Sintokogio Ltd
US6095095A (en) * 1998-12-07 2000-08-01 The Bacock & Wilcox Company Circulating fluidized bed reactor with floored internal primary particle separator
FI114737B (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-12-15 Tom Blomberg Procedure for placing steam superheaters in steam boilers that burn biomass and steam boiler
CN101666493B (en) * 2009-08-28 2011-05-11 无锡海源重工股份有限公司 Horizontal cyclone separator of industrial circulating fluid bed boiler
FI129147B (en) * 2017-12-19 2021-08-13 Valmet Technologies Oy A circulating fluidized bed boiler with a loopseal heat exchanger
CN113895965B (en) * 2021-11-09 2023-03-17 青岛璐璐农业装备有限公司 Air suction feeding machine for dried pepper processing

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US3435598A (en) * 1964-04-17 1969-04-01 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor and liquid drum including cyclone separator
US3633344A (en) * 1967-11-21 1972-01-11 Siemens Ag Apparatus for centrifugal separation of two-phase mixtures
US4276068A (en) * 1977-09-27 1981-06-30 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Swirl chamber apparatus
SU879144A1 (en) * 1980-02-21 1981-11-07 Краснодарский политехнический институт Fire box apparatus for burning solid fuel in fluidized bed

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US3435598A (en) * 1964-04-17 1969-04-01 Babcock & Wilcox Co Vapor and liquid drum including cyclone separator
US3633344A (en) * 1967-11-21 1972-01-11 Siemens Ag Apparatus for centrifugal separation of two-phase mixtures
US4276068A (en) * 1977-09-27 1981-06-30 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nurnberg Aktiengesellschaft Swirl chamber apparatus
SU879144A1 (en) * 1980-02-21 1981-11-07 Краснодарский политехнический институт Fire box apparatus for burning solid fuel in fluidized bed

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DATABASE WPI Week 198237, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1982-M2359E *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1987001791A1 (en) * 1985-09-11 1987-03-26 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
US4755134A (en) * 1985-09-11 1988-07-05 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Circulating fluidized bed reactor
DE3640377A1 (en) * 1986-11-26 1988-06-09 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C METHOD FOR BURNING CARBONATED MATERIALS IN A FLUIDIZED LAYER REACTOR AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD
US5025755A (en) * 1986-11-26 1991-06-25 L. & C. Steinmuller Gmbh Apparatus for burning carbonaceous material in a fluidized bed reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI850373L (en) 1986-07-30
JPS61502835A (en) 1986-12-04
FI850373A0 (en) 1985-01-29
FI85414C (en) 1992-04-10
FI85414B (en) 1991-12-31
EP0246235A1 (en) 1987-11-25
US4699068A (en) 1987-10-13
AU5394586A (en) 1986-08-13
CA1261122A (en) 1989-09-26

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