WO1986003817A1 - Fluid segment device for piston jack, pump or compressor - Google Patents

Fluid segment device for piston jack, pump or compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1986003817A1
WO1986003817A1 PCT/FR1985/000371 FR8500371W WO8603817A1 WO 1986003817 A1 WO1986003817 A1 WO 1986003817A1 FR 8500371 W FR8500371 W FR 8500371W WO 8603817 A1 WO8603817 A1 WO 8603817A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
fluid
cushion
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1985/000371
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Richard Jacques Albert Grossin
René Pierre BOURASSIN
Original Assignee
Bertin & Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bertin & Cie filed Critical Bertin & Cie
Publication of WO1986003817A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986003817A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature.
  • the invention applies mainly to pumps or compressors, but it can also be used in hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or motors.
  • the friction between the piston and the cylinder is usually reduced ⁇ i using a lubricant which is usually based on hydrocarbons, and of suitable viscosity.
  • This lubricant constitutes a sealing means either alone, if the functional clearance is low, or in conjunction with one or more segments or seals of elasticity, housed in a groove of the piston.
  • segments or seals made of material having a low coefficient of friction for example made of polytetrafluoroethylene, whether or not charged, are used, which prevent direct contact between the piston and the cylinder while providing a suitable seal.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature, without lubricant, and in which the production of dust, in particular of harmful dust, is reduced considerably, or even eliminated, compared to Similar devices fitted with polytetrafluoroethylene seals or similar substances.
  • the invention provides a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature, comprising a cylinder, a piston which can circulate in the cylinder by delimiting in the cylinder a chamber of variable volume, means for moving the piston by back and forth in the cylinder, these means being connected to a drive means external to the cylinder, and means interposed between said piston and said cylinder to allow movement of the piston in the cylinder in the absence of viscous lubricant and at the same time time oppose the passage of a fluid between the cylinder chamber and the outside through the space located between the piston and the cylinder, these means interposed between the piston and the cylinder comprising at least one cushion fluid under pressure.
  • the pressure of the fluid cushion is calculated so as to exert a sufficient force to provide the sealing of the cylinder chamber, this force being however insufficient to constantly keep the piston apart of the cylinder wall during walking.
  • the pressure to be brought into play to obtain this second result is generally much higher than that which is sufficient to ensure sealing, especially when there are no means for guiding the piston rod.
  • low temperature is meant both temperatures at or below room temperature as higher temperatures, which may exceed 100 ° C, but in any case below the temperatures reached by an internal combustion engine.
  • the inventive idea which is at the basis of the invention is to use in the technical field piston-cylinder devices operating at low temperature, such as, mainly, pumps and compressors, a device which up to present had only been offered in a different technical field and for different purposes.
  • the piston has a groove which serves as a housing for the said means inserted between the piston and the cylinder, while the interior wall of the cylinder is smooth.
  • said groove is housed a plurality of radially but not axially movable nozzles, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they are supplied with fluid under pres ⁇ sion through one or more channels provided in the piston.
  • the cylinder has a groove which serves as a housing for said means interposed between the piston and the cylinder, while the interior wall of the piston is smooth.
  • said groove is housed a plurality of radially but not axially movable nozzles, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they are supplied with pressurized fluid through one or more channels provided in the cylinder.
  • the first allows an easy assembly and disassembly of the piston and it can be of reduced length, but it poses the problem of the supply of fluid to the cushion through the piston during the displacement of the piston .
  • the second modality provides a simple construction for the supply of the fluid, on the other hand the stroke of the piston must not exceed the length of the latter, possibly extended by a skirt. The first method therefore seems intended for larger devices than the second.
  • the device is equipped with means for recovering part of the fluid coming from the fluid cushion and / or for taking a part of the fluid contained in the cylinder chamber, to compress this or these fluids, and to send them into the fluid cushion.
  • the fluid of the fluid cushion is then food grade water
  • Figure 1 is a schematic section of a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view, partially in section, of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, relating to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section on a large scale of a detail which is surrounded by a circle III in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the same detail.
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 but relating to the arrangement of Figure 1.
  • the parts belonging to the field of the prior art are designated by letters, and the reference numbers are reserved for the parts which are properly part of the present invention.
  • the cylinder C of a piston-cylinder device D which can be a compressor, a jack pump or the like (we will stop here in the examples constituting a compressor), with its suction and discharge valves S and its piston P whose rod T cooperating with a guide slide G- is coupled to a connecting rod B, articulated on the crank M of a crankshaft V, this crankshaft constituting the means d 'drive outside the cylinder mentioned above.
  • the reference 1 relates to the device for obtaining a fluid cushion, which is better visible in the detailed views of FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • This fluid segment device is placed, in the case of the device of FIG. 1, in a groove of the piston. In the case of the devices of Figures 2 and 3, it is placed in a groove formed in the inner wall of the cylinder C.
  • This device for obtaining a fluid cushion essentially comprises a circular juxtaposition of elementary segments 2 which follow one another inside an annular groove 3 hollowed out, as the case may be, in the wall of the piston P or of the cylinder C.
  • This groove has in this bottom a manifold 4 into which open channels 5 for supplying pressurized fluid. It will be noted in FIG. 4, that each elementary segment 2 is stepped, with an intermediate step which marries the connection, which is also in step, of the annular groove 3 with the manifold 4.
  • a throttled passage 6 which places in permanent communication, with pressure drop, a deep posterior capacity 7 opening widely towards the collector 4 on the one hand, and a flattened anterior bowl 8, opposite of the external surface 10 of the cylinder C or of the piston P, as the case may be, on the other hand.
  • This flattened bowl 8 is delimited by smooth face end protrusions 9, adjacent to said external surface 10 of the cylinder C or of the piston P, and defining with it two narrow laminar passages 10 and 11 for leakage from the bowl 8 in the direction of the cylin ⁇ dre C chamber (compression chamber) for passage 10, and in opposite direction for passage 11 •
  • the fluid cushion creation device 1 thus known is supplied with pressurized fluid supplied by the inlet channel 5 to the manifold 4.
  • the inlet channel 5, formed in the thickness of the piston P is connected by another channel 30, provided inside the piston rod P, to a nozzle 31, which is connected by a flexible hose 32 to a source of fluid cushion fluid 33, the fluid cushion fluid is water in the case considered.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show an arrangement in which the inlet channel 5 simply crosses the wall of the cylinder C, and is connected to various devices for recovering or obtaining the fluid cushion fluid which will be described in the continuation *
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The fluid then partially escapes through the passage 10 towards the chamber of the cylinder C, the rest going outwards through the passage 11, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4.
  • each elementary piston 2, 20 which is subjected on the one hand to the high pressure of the collector 4 which is exerted on its rear face of lower area, and on the other hand to the counter pressure, which is reduced as a result of the pressure drop in the passage 6, of the cushion 8, which is exerted on its anterior face of upper area, gives it the self-stability inherent in systems with a cushion of pressurized fluid .
  • a seal 2A can separate these two faces.
  • the elementary segments 2 are associated with a spring
  • This tension spring 12 is advantageously constituted by a single fixed elastic blade
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to a section perpendicular to that of FIGS. 5 and 6, it suffices, to bring it into correspondence with FIG. 6, to turn it right for left, the reference C of the cylinder becoming that P of the piston, and vice versa.
  • FIG. 2 shows an annex circuit which is used to recover water in the case where the fluid of the fluid cushion is water, and the operating temperature is sufficiently high so that at least part of this water vaporizes as it crosses passage 11.
  • This water is collected by a conduit 14 to a condenser 15. " It accumulates at the bottom of this condenser, which forms a reservoir * of water 17 , the incondensablea gases are evacuated at 16.
  • a recycling pump 18 returns this water to the collector 4, by means of a non-return valve 19, and a purifying filter 20.
  • the channel 5 is obviously also connected to the water supply source 33. This provides an additional supply of water to compensate for the losses.
  • the device shown in FIG. of course, also be combined with that of FIG. 1.
  • the variant shown in Figure 3 corresponds to another mode of fluid supply.
  • a sample of the compressed fluid leaving the cylinder chamber is extracted by a special exhaust valve 23.
  • the fluid thus sampled can pass through a heat exchanger 24, in order to cool it, and a booster 25, before arriving , via a check valve return 26 and a filter 27 on the supply channel 5.
  • a buffer volume 28 is also provided, associated with a non-return valve 29. In this case, it may be unnecessary to provide an independent fluid supply source. , all the fluid being taken from the chamber. Buffer volume 28 will be used at startup.
  • the devices according to the invention find their application mainly in water vapor compressors, using liquid water under pressure as fluid for the cushion, with an additional advantage which is that one can only call upon a single compression stage for producing superheated steam at temperatures well above 150 ° C., this steam being able to be introduced without hygienic problem into food cooking processes, high temperature sterilization, concentration or steam drying.
  • the invention can also be used for oxygen compressors, using as a fluid for the cushion of liquid water. Note that the compression of oxygen poses special problems because hydrocarbons and plastics, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, cannot be used taking into account the risks of combustion or oxidation.
  • the invention can also be applied to compressors for gases laden with abrasive dust or not, the advantage of the cushion of fluid used being to prevent any insertion of dust between the jacket and the segment, therefore providing an appreciable reduction d wear compared to previous systems.
  • the invention can also be applied to pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, with the advantage of a reduction in friction and greater positioning finesse.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)

Abstract

The sealing segmentation of the functional play between the outer surface of a piston of the device and the cylinder wall is achieved by excluding the use of any friction ring made of solid material and mounted about the piston and oil lubricated. There is interarranged in said functional play a pressure fluid cushion (8) providing for the sealing of the functional play. Application to oxygen compressors, non-polluting compression of gas or water vapour, compression of dust-laden gas, hydraulic or pneumatic jacks.

Description

Dispositif de segment fluide pour compresseur» pompe ou vérin à piston»Fluid segment device for compressor »pump or piston cylinder»
La présente invention est relative à un dispositif piston- cylindre fonctionnant à basse température.The present invention relates to a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature.
L'invention s'applique principalement à des pompes ou compresseurs, mais elle peut être utilisée aussi dans des vérins ou des moteurs hydrauliques ou pneumatiques. Dans ces dispositifs, on réduit ±iabituellement le frottement entre le piston et le cylindre à l'aide d'un lubrifiant qui est usuellement à base d'hydrocarbures, et de viscosité convenable. Ce lubrifiant constitue un moyen d'étanchéité soit seul, si le jeu fonctionnel est faible, soit en conjugaison avec un ou plusieurs segments ou joints d'étan¬ chéité, en matière élastique, logés dans une gorge du piston.The invention applies mainly to pumps or compressors, but it can also be used in hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or motors. In these devices, the friction between the piston and the cylinder is usually reduced ± i using a lubricant which is usually based on hydrocarbons, and of suitable viscosity. This lubricant constitutes a sealing means either alone, if the functional clearance is low, or in conjunction with one or more segments or seals of elasticity, housed in a groove of the piston.
Pour les cas où la présence du lubrifiant doit être évitée, pour des raisons de pollution par exemple, on utilise des segments ou joints en matière ayant un faible coefficient de frottement, par exemple en polytétrafluoréthylène char¬ gé ou non, qui empêchent le contact direct entre le piston et le cylindre tout en procurant une étanchéité convenable.For cases where the presence of the lubricant must be avoided, for reasons of pollution for example, segments or seals made of material having a low coefficient of friction, for example made of polytetrafluoroethylene, whether or not charged, are used, which prevent direct contact between the piston and the cylinder while providing a suitable seal.
De tels joints ont cependant l'inconvénient que leur usure produit des poussières en faible quantité mais qui sont parfois indésirables, notamment au cas où elles sont can¬ cérigènes ou suspectées de l'être. On a proposé, dans un domaine technique différent, à savoir celui des moteurs thermiques, par le document FR-A-2.540.941 , d'interposer entre un cylindre et un piston un coussin de fluide sous pression qui maintient le piston à 1*écart de la paroi du cylindre, tout en assurant l'étanchéité, c'est-à-dire en s'opposant aux fuites de gaz à partir de la chambre de combustion à travers l'intervalle de jeu fonctionnel entre piston et cylindre. Cette disposition n'est pas dirigée vers une réduction de la pollution, au contraire elle est présentée, comme un avantage, la possibilité d'utiliser des combustibles "sales" tels que du charbon pulvérisé. Un autre avantage cité dans ce document est la possibilité de faire fonctionner le moteur à des températures très élevées de 1*ordre de 400-500°C.However, such seals have the disadvantage that their wear produces dust in small quantities but which are sometimes undesirable, in particular in the case where they are or suspected of being carcinogenic. It has been proposed, in a different technical field, namely that of heat engines, by document FR-A-2,540,941, to interpose between a cylinder and a piston a cushion of pressurized fluid which maintains the piston at 1 * away from the wall of the cylinder, while ensuring sealing, that is to say by preventing gas leaks from the combustion chamber through the functional clearance between piston and cylinder. This provision is not directed towards a reduction of pollution, on the contrary it is presented, as an advantage, the possibility of using "dirty" fuels such as pulverized coal. Another advantage mentioned in this document is the possibility of operating the engine at very high temperatures of the order of 400-500 ° C.
Le but de la présente invention est de fournir un dispo¬ sitif piston-cylindre fonctionnant à basse température, sans lubrifiant, et dans lequel la production de poussières, notamment de poussières nocives, soit réduite de façon considérable, ou même supprimée, par comparaison aux dispositifs du même genre équipés de joints en polytétra- fluoréthylène ou substances analogues.The object of the present invention is to provide a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature, without lubricant, and in which the production of dust, in particular of harmful dust, is reduced considerably, or even eliminated, compared to Similar devices fitted with polytetrafluoroethylene seals or similar substances.
Dans ce but, l'invention fournit un dispositif piston- cylindre fonctionnant à basse température, comprenant un cylindre, un piston qui peut circuler dans le cylindre en délimitant dans le cylindre une chambre de volume variable, des moyens pour déplacer le piston à va-et-vient dans le cylindre, ces moyens étant reliés à un moyen d'entraînement extérieur au cylindre, et des moyens intercalés entre ledit piston et ledit cylindre pour permettre le déplacement du piston dans le cylindre en l'absence de lubrifiant visqueux et en même temps s'oppo¬ ser au passage d'un fluide entre la chambre du cylindre et l'extérieur à travers l'espace situé ≈ntre le piston et le cylindre, ces moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre comprenant au moins un coussin de fluide sous pression.To this end, the invention provides a piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature, comprising a cylinder, a piston which can circulate in the cylinder by delimiting in the cylinder a chamber of variable volume, means for moving the piston by back and forth in the cylinder, these means being connected to a drive means external to the cylinder, and means interposed between said piston and said cylinder to allow movement of the piston in the cylinder in the absence of viscous lubricant and at the same time time oppose the passage of a fluid between the cylinder chamber and the outside through the space located between the piston and the cylinder, these means interposed between the piston and the cylinder comprising at least one cushion fluid under pressure.
Il est à noter que, de préférence, la pression du coussin de fluide est calculée de façon à exercer une force suf¬ fisante pour procurer l'étanchéité de la chambre du cylin- dre, cette force étant cependant insuffisante à maintenir constamment le piston écarté de la paroi du cylindre pen¬ dant la marche. La pression à mettre en jeu pour obtenir ce second résultat est en général très supérieure à celle qui suffit à assurer l'étanchéité, surtout quand il n'y a pas de moyens de guidage de la tige de piston.It should be noted that, preferably, the pressure of the fluid cushion is calculated so as to exert a sufficient force to provide the sealing of the cylinder chamber, this force being however insufficient to constantly keep the piston apart of the cylinder wall during walking. The pressure to be brought into play to obtain this second result is generally much higher than that which is sufficient to ensure sealing, especially when there are no means for guiding the piston rod.
Par "basse température", on entend aussi bien des tempé¬ ratures égales ou inférieures à la température ambiante que des températures plus élevées, pouvant dépasser 100°C, mais en tout cas inférieures aux températures atteintes par un moteur à combustion interne.By "low temperature" is meant both temperatures at or below room temperature as higher temperatures, which may exceed 100 ° C, but in any case below the temperatures reached by an internal combustion engine.
Ainsi, l'idée inventive ui est à la base de l'invention, est d'utiliser dans le lomaine technique des dispositifs piston-cylindre fonctionnant à basse température, tels que, principalement, les pompes et compresseurs, un dispositif qui jusqu'à présent n'avait été proposé que dans un domaine technique différent et pour des buts différents.Thus, the inventive idea which is at the basis of the invention is to use in the technical field piston-cylinder devices operating at low temperature, such as, mainly, pumps and compressors, a device which up to present had only been offered in a different technical field and for different purposes.
Suivant une modalité du dispositif de l'invention, le piston présente une gorge qui sert de logement pour les- dits moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre, alors que la paroi intérieure du cylindre est lisse. Dans ladite gorge est logée une pluralité de buses mobiles radialement mais non axialement, cette pluralité s'étendant sur toute la périphérie de ladite gorge, ces buses mobiles étant aptes à créer ensemble un coussin de fluide continu entre la périphérie de la gorge et la paroi du cylindre lorsqu'elles sont alimentées en fluide sous pres¬ sion à travers un ou plusieurs canaux prévus dans le piston. Suivant une autre modalité, qui est , en quelque sorte, symétrique, le cylindre présente une gorge qui sert de logement pour lesdits moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre, alors que la paroi intérieure du piston est lisse. Dans ladite gorge est logée une pluralité de buses mobiles radialement mais non axialement, cette pluralité s'étendant sur toute la périphérie de ladite gorge, ces buses mobiles étant aptes à créer ensemble un coussin de fluide continu entre la périphérie de la gorge et la paroi du cylindre lorsqu'elles sont alimentées en fluide sous pression à travers un ou plusieurs canaux prévus dans le cylindre.According to one form of the device of the invention, the piston has a groove which serves as a housing for the said means inserted between the piston and the cylinder, while the interior wall of the cylinder is smooth. In said groove is housed a plurality of radially but not axially movable nozzles, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they are supplied with fluid under pres¬ sion through one or more channels provided in the piston. According to another modality, which is, in a way, symmetrical, the cylinder has a groove which serves as a housing for said means interposed between the piston and the cylinder, while the interior wall of the piston is smooth. In said groove is housed a plurality of radially but not axially movable nozzles, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they are supplied with pressurized fluid through one or more channels provided in the cylinder.
Ces deux modalités ne sont pas équivalentes : la première permet un montage et démontage facile du piston et celui-ci peut être de longueur réduite, mais elle pose le problème de l'alimentation en fluide du coussin à travers le piston pendant le déplacement du piston. La seconde modalité four¬ nit une construction simple pour l'amenée du fluide, en revanche la course du piston ne doit pas dépasser la longueur de celui-ci, prolongé éventuellement par une jupe. La pre¬ mière modalité paraît donc destinée à des dispositifs de plus grande taille que la seconde.These two methods are not equivalent: the first allows an easy assembly and disassembly of the piston and it can be of reduced length, but it poses the problem of the supply of fluid to the cushion through the piston during the displacement of the piston . The second modality provides a simple construction for the supply of the fluid, on the other hand the stroke of the piston must not exceed the length of the latter, possibly extended by a skirt. The first method therefore seems intended for larger devices than the second.
Suivant des modalités intéressantes de l'invention, qui peuvent se combiner avec l'une ou l'autre des modalités mentionnées plus haut, le dispositif est équipé de moyens pour récupérer une partie du fluide provenant du coussin de fluide et/ou pour prélever une partie du fluide contenu dans la chambre du cylindre, pour comprimer ce ou ces fluides, et pour les envoyer dans le coussin de fluide.According to advantageous methods of the invention, which can be combined with one or other of the methods mentioned above, the device is equipped with means for recovering part of the fluid coming from the fluid cushion and / or for taking a part of the fluid contained in the cylinder chamber, to compress this or these fluids, and to send them into the fluid cushion.
Une application intéressante du dispositif de l'invention est un compresseur de vapeur d'eau, par exemple pour l'in¬ dustrie alimentaire, le fluide du coussin de fluide est alors de l'eau de qualité alimentaireAn interesting application of the device of the invention is a water vapor compressor, for example for the food industry, the fluid of the fluid cushion is then food grade water
L'invention va maintenant être exposée plus en détail:.à l'aide d'exemples pratiques, non limitatifs, illustrant à l'aide des figures parmi lesquelles :The invention will now be explained in more detail: using practical, non-limiting examples, illustrating using the figures among which:
Figure 1 est une coupe schématique d'une première réalisation de l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic section of a first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 est une vue schématique, partiellement en coupe, d'une seconde réalisation de l'invention.Figure 2 is a schematic view, partially in section, of a second embodiment of the invention.
Figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2, relative à une troisième réalisation de l'invention.Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, relating to a third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 4 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à grande échelle d'un détail qui est entouré d'un cercle III aux figures 2 et 3.FIG. 4 is a view in longitudinal section on a large scale of a detail which is surrounded by a circle III in FIGS. 2 and 3.
Figure 5 est une vue en coupe transversale partielle du même détail.Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the same detail.
Figure 6 est une vue analogue à la Figure 5 mais relative à la disposition de la igure 1.Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 but relating to the arrangement of Figure 1.
8ur les figures, les pièces appartenant au domaine de la technique antérieure sont désignées par des lettre, et les chiffres de référence sont réservés aux pièces faisant à proprement partie de la présente invention. Sont ainsi représentés sur les figures, le cylindre C d'un dispositif piston-cylindre D, qui peut être un compresseur, une pompe à vérin ou autres (on s'en tiendra dans la suite à des exemples constituant un compresseur), avec ses clapets d'aspiration et de refoulement S et son piston P dont la tige T coopérant avec une coulisse de guidage G- est attelée à une bielle B, articulée sur la manivelle M d'un vile¬ brequin V, ce vilebrequin constituant le moyen d'entraî¬ nement extérieur au cylindre dont il a été parlé plus haut.In the figures, the parts belonging to the field of the prior art are designated by letters, and the reference numbers are reserved for the parts which are properly part of the present invention. Are thus represented in the figures, the cylinder C of a piston-cylinder device D, which can be a compressor, a jack pump or the like (we will stop here in the examples constituting a compressor), with its suction and discharge valves S and its piston P whose rod T cooperating with a guide slide G- is coupled to a connecting rod B, articulated on the crank M of a crankshaft V, this crankshaft constituting the means d 'drive outside the cylinder mentioned above.
Le repère 1 est relatif au dispositif d'obtention de coussin fluide, qui est mieux visible sur les vues de détail des figures 4 à 6. Ce dispositif de segment fluide est placé, dans le cas du dispositif de la figure 1, dans une gorge du piston. Dans le cas des dispositifs des figures 2 et 3, il est placé dans une gorge pratiquée dans la paroi intérieure du cylindre C.The reference 1 relates to the device for obtaining a fluid cushion, which is better visible in the detailed views of FIGS. 4 to 6. This fluid segment device is placed, in the case of the device of FIG. 1, in a groove of the piston. In the case of the devices of Figures 2 and 3, it is placed in a groove formed in the inner wall of the cylinder C.
Ce dispositif d'obtention de coussin fluide comporte essentiellement une juxtaposition circulaire de segments élémentaires 2 qui se succèdent à l'intérieur d'une gorge annulaire 3 creusée, selon le cas, dans la paroi du piston P ou du cylindre C. Cette gorge comporte en ce fond un collecteur 4 dans lequel débouchent des canaux 5 d'alimen¬ tation en fluide sous pression. On notera sur la figure 4, que chaque segment élémentaire 2 est étag , avec un gradin intermédiaire qui épouse le raccordement, qui est également en gradin, de la gorge annulaire 3 avec le collecteur 4.This device for obtaining a fluid cushion essentially comprises a circular juxtaposition of elementary segments 2 which follow one another inside an annular groove 3 hollowed out, as the case may be, in the wall of the piston P or of the cylinder C. This groove has in this bottom a manifold 4 into which open channels 5 for supplying pressurized fluid. It will be noted in FIG. 4, that each elementary segment 2 is stepped, with an intermediate step which marries the connection, which is also in step, of the annular groove 3 with the manifold 4.
Dans le corps de ce segment étage 2 est pratiqué un passage étranglé 6 qui met en communication permanente, avec perte de charge, une capacité postérieure profonde 7 sOuvrant largement vers le collecteur 4 d'une part, et une cuvette antérieure aplatie 8, en regard de la surface externe 10 du cylindre C ou du piston P, selon le cas, d'autre part. Cette cuvette aplatie 8 est délimitée par des protubérances terminales à face lisse 9, adjacentes à ladite surface externe 10 du cylindre C ou du piston P, et définissant avec elle deux passages laminaires étroits 10 et 11 de fuite de la cuvette 8 en direction de la chambre du cylin¬ dre C (chambre de compression) pour ce qui concerne le passage 10, et en direction opposée pour ce qui concerne le passage 11 •In the body of this stage segment 2 is practiced a throttled passage 6 which places in permanent communication, with pressure drop, a deep posterior capacity 7 opening widely towards the collector 4 on the one hand, and a flattened anterior bowl 8, opposite of the external surface 10 of the cylinder C or of the piston P, as the case may be, on the other hand. This flattened bowl 8 is delimited by smooth face end protrusions 9, adjacent to said external surface 10 of the cylinder C or of the piston P, and defining with it two narrow laminar passages 10 and 11 for leakage from the bowl 8 in the direction of the cylin¬ dre C chamber (compression chamber) for passage 10, and in opposite direction for passage 11 •
Le dispositif de création de coussin de fluide 1 ainsi connu est alimenté en fluide sous pression délivré par le canal d'arrivée 5 au collecteur 4.The fluid cushion creation device 1 thus known is supplied with pressurized fluid supplied by the inlet channel 5 to the manifold 4.
Dans la disposition exposée à la figure 1, le canal d'arrivée 5, pratiqué dans l'épaisseur du piston P, est relié par un autre canal 30, prévu à l'intérieur de la tige de piston P, à un embout 31, lequel est connecté par un tuyau souple 32 à une source de fluide de coussin de fluide 33, le fluide de coussin de fluide est l'eau dans le cas considéré.In the arrangement shown in Figure 1, the inlet channel 5, formed in the thickness of the piston P, is connected by another channel 30, provided inside the piston rod P, to a nozzle 31, which is connected by a flexible hose 32 to a source of fluid cushion fluid 33, the fluid cushion fluid is water in the case considered.
5 Les figures 2 et 3 montrent une disposition dans laquelle le canal d'arrivée 5 traverse simplement la paroi du cy¬ lindre C, et est relié à divers dispositifs de récupéra¬ tion ou d'obtention du fluide de coussin de fluide qui seront décrits dans la suite* 5 Figures 2 and 3 show an arrangement in which the inlet channel 5 simply crosses the wall of the cylinder C, and is connected to various devices for recovering or obtaining the fluid cushion fluid which will be described in the continuation *
-JQ Le fluide sous pression délivré par le canal 5 au collec¬ teur 4, après avoir subi une perte de charge dans le pas¬ sage 10, forme dans la cuvette 8 un coussin fluide, qui agit contre la surface lisse opposée du cylindre C dans le cas de la figure 1 , ou du piston P dans le cas des-J Q The fluid under pressure delivered by the channel 5 to the manifold 4, after having undergone a pressure drop in the passage 10, forms in the bowl 8 a fluid cushion, which acts against the opposite smooth surface of the cylinder C in the case of FIG. 1, or of the piston P in the case of
15 figures 2 et 3. Le fluide s'échappe ensuite en partie par le passage 10 vers la chambre du cylindre C, le reste allant vers l'extérieur par le passage 11, comme indiqué par les flèches sur la figure 4.FIGS. 2 and 3. The fluid then partially escapes through the passage 10 towards the chamber of the cylinder C, the rest going outwards through the passage 11, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4.
La configuration étagée de chaque piston élémentaire 2, 20 qui est soumis d'une part à la haute pression du collec¬ teur 4 qui s'exerce sur sa face postérieure d'aire infé¬ rieure, et d'autre part à la contre-pression, qui est réduite à la suite de la perte de charge dans le passage 6, du coussin 8, qui s'exerce sur sa face antérieure d'aire 25 supérieurt, lui confère l'autostabilite propre aux systèmes à coussin de fluide sous pression. Un joint 2A peut sépa¬ rer ces deux faces. * The stepped configuration of each elementary piston 2, 20 which is subjected on the one hand to the high pressure of the collector 4 which is exerted on its rear face of lower area, and on the other hand to the counter pressure, which is reduced as a result of the pressure drop in the passage 6, of the cushion 8, which is exerted on its anterior face of upper area, gives it the self-stability inherent in systems with a cushion of pressurized fluid . A seal 2A can separate these two faces. *
Selon une particularité de la présente invent-ion, les segments élémentaires 2 sont associés à un ressort deAccording to a feature of the present invention, the elementary segments 2 are associated with a spring
30 traction 12, qui agit dans le même sens que la contre- pression du coussin 8, c'est-à-dire qu'il sollicite les pistons élémentaires 2 pour les écarter de la surface externe opposée. Ce ressort de traction 12 est avanta¬ geusement constitué d'une unique lame élastique fixée30 traction 12, which acts in the same direction as the back pressure of the cushion 8, that is to say that it biases the elementary pistons 2 to move them away from the opposite external surface. This tension spring 12 is advantageously constituted by a single fixed elastic blade
35 de loin en loin, par des agrafes adéquates, 13, alter- nativement au cylindre C et à chaque piston élémentaire 2. Cela permet de dissocier la fonction "raideur" du coussin fluide de la géométrie des pistons élémentaires. La con¬ ception générale et le fonctionnement de l'ensemble ainsi réalisé apparaîtront clairement à l'homme de l'art, mais on pourra se reporter utilement au document FR-A-2,232.961.35 from time to time, by suitable staples, 13, alter- natively to cylinder C and to each elementary piston 2. This makes it possible to dissociate the "stiffness" function of the fluid cushion from the geometry of the elementary pistons. The general concept and operation of the assembly thus produced will be clear to those skilled in the art, but reference may usefully be made to document FR-A-2,232,961.
On observera que la figure 4 correspond à une coupe per¬ pendiculaire à celle des figures 5 et 6, il suffit, pour la mettre en correspondance avec la figure 6, de la re- tourner droite pour gauche, la référence C du cylindre devenant celle P du piston, et vice et versa.It will be observed that FIG. 4 corresponds to a section perpendicular to that of FIGS. 5 and 6, it suffices, to bring it into correspondence with FIG. 6, to turn it right for left, the reference C of the cylinder becoming that P of the piston, and vice versa.
La figure 2 montre un circuit annexe qui sert à récupérer de l'eau dans le cas où le fluide du coussin de fluide est de l'eau, et que la température d'opération est suffisamment élevée pour qu'au moins une partie de cette eau se vaporise pendant qu'elle traverse le passage 11. Cette eau est ré¬ cupérée par un conduit 14 vers un condenseur 15. "Elle s'ac¬ cumule dans la bas de ce condenseur, qui forme un réservoir* d'eau 17, les gaz incondensablea sont évacués en 16. Une pompe de recyclage 18 renvoie cette eau au collecteur 4, par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet anti-retour 19, et d'un filtre épurateur 20. On a prévu également un accumulateur de démarrage 21 équipé d'une vanne de décharge 22. Le canal 5 est évidemment relié également à la source d'alimentation en eau 33. Celle-ci fournit un apport d'eau supplémentaire pour compenser les pertes. Le dispositif montré à la figure 2 peut, bien entendu, être également combiné à celui de la figure 1.FIG. 2 shows an annex circuit which is used to recover water in the case where the fluid of the fluid cushion is water, and the operating temperature is sufficiently high so that at least part of this water vaporizes as it crosses passage 11. This water is collected by a conduit 14 to a condenser 15. " It accumulates at the bottom of this condenser, which forms a reservoir * of water 17 , the incondensablea gases are evacuated at 16. A recycling pump 18 returns this water to the collector 4, by means of a non-return valve 19, and a purifying filter 20. There is also provided a starting accumulator. 21 fitted with a discharge valve 22. The channel 5 is obviously also connected to the water supply source 33. This provides an additional supply of water to compensate for the losses. The device shown in FIG. , of course, also be combined with that of FIG. 1.
La variante représentée à la figure 3 correspond à un autre mode d'alimentation en fluide. Un prélèvement du fluide comprimé sortant de la chambre du cylindre est extrait par une soupape d'échappement spécial 23. Le fluide ainsi prélevé peut passer par un échangeur ther¬ mique 24, afin de le refroidir, et un surpresseur 25, avant d'arriver, par l'intermédiaire d'un clapet en anti- retour 26 et un filtre 27 sur le canal d'alimentation 5. On a également prévu un volume tampon 28 associé à un clapet anti-retour 29. Dans ce cas, il peut être .inutile de prévoir une source d'alimentation en fluide indépendante, tout le fluide étant prélevé dans la chambre. Le volume tampon 28 servira au démarrage.The variant shown in Figure 3 corresponds to another mode of fluid supply. A sample of the compressed fluid leaving the cylinder chamber is extracted by a special exhaust valve 23. The fluid thus sampled can pass through a heat exchanger 24, in order to cool it, and a booster 25, before arriving , via a check valve return 26 and a filter 27 on the supply channel 5. A buffer volume 28 is also provided, associated with a non-return valve 29. In this case, it may be unnecessary to provide an independent fluid supply source. , all the fluid being taken from the chamber. Buffer volume 28 will be used at startup.
Les dispositifs selon l'invention trouvent leur application principalement dans les compresseurs de vapeur d'eau, en utilisant l'eau liquide sous pression comme fluide pour le coussin, avec un avantage supplémentaire qui est qu'on peut ne faire appel qu'à un seul étage de compression pour pro¬ duire de la vapeur surchauffée à des températures nettement supérieures à 150°C, cette vapeur pouvant être introduite sans problème d'hygiène dans les procédés alimentaires de cuisson de stérilisation à haute température, de concentra¬ tion ou de séchage à la vapeur. L'invention peut être éga¬ lement utilisée pour des compresseurs d'oxygène, en utili¬ sant comme fluide pour le coussin de l'eau liquide. On notera que la compression de l'oxygène pose des pro¬ blèmes spéciaux du fait que les hydrocarbures et les ma¬ tières plastiques, tels que le polytétrafluoréthylène, ne peuvent être utilisés compte tenu des risques de combustion ou d'oxydation.The devices according to the invention find their application mainly in water vapor compressors, using liquid water under pressure as fluid for the cushion, with an additional advantage which is that one can only call upon a single compression stage for producing superheated steam at temperatures well above 150 ° C., this steam being able to be introduced without hygienic problem into food cooking processes, high temperature sterilization, concentration or steam drying. The invention can also be used for oxygen compressors, using as a fluid for the cushion of liquid water. Note that the compression of oxygen poses special problems because hydrocarbons and plastics, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, cannot be used taking into account the risks of combustion or oxidation.
L'invention peut également être appliquée aux compresseurs pour gaz chargés de poussières abrasives ou non, l'avanta¬ ge du coussin de fluide utilisé étant d'empêcher toute insertion de poussières entre la chemise et le segment, donc de fournir une réduction appréciable d'usure par rapport aux systèmes antérieurs. L'invention peut égale¬ ment être appliquée aux vérins pneumatiques ou hydrau¬ liques, avec comme avantage une réduction des frottements et une plus grande finesse de positionnement. The invention can also be applied to compressors for gases laden with abrasive dust or not, the advantage of the cushion of fluid used being to prevent any insertion of dust between the jacket and the segment, therefore providing an appreciable reduction d wear compared to previous systems. The invention can also be applied to pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, with the advantage of a reduction in friction and greater positioning finesse.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif piston-cylindre fonctionnant à basse tempé¬ rature, comprenant un cylindre, un piston qui peut circuler dans le cylindre en délimitant dans le cylindre une chambre devolume variable, des moyens pour déplacer le piston à va-et-vient dans le cylindre, ces moyens étant reliés à un moyen d'entraînement extérieur au cylindre, et des moyens intercalés entre ledit piston et ledit cylindre pour per¬ mettre le déplacement du piston dans le cylindre en l'ab¬ sence de lubrifiant visqueux et en même temps s'opposer au passage d'un fluide entre la chambre du cylindre et l'exté¬ rieur à travers l'espace situé entre le piston et le cylindre, ces moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre compre¬ nant au moins un coussin de fluide sous pression.1. Piston-cylinder device operating at low temperature, comprising a cylinder, a piston which can circulate in the cylinder by delimiting in the cylinder a variable volume chamber, means for moving the piston back and forth in the cylinder , these means being connected to a drive means external to the cylinder, and means interposed between said piston and said cylinder to allow the movement of the piston in the cylinder in the absence of viscous lubricant and at the same time s oppose the passage of a fluid between the cylinder chamber and the exterior through the space between the piston and the cylinder, these means interposed between the piston and the cylinder comprising at least one cushion of fluid under pressure.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la pression du coussin de fluide est calculée pour exercer une force suffisante pour procurer l'étanchéité de la chambre du cylindre, sans cependant exercer, en marche une force suffisante pour maintenir le piston écarté de la paroi.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure of the fluid cushion is calculated to exert a sufficient force to provide the sealing of the cylinder chamber, without however exerting, on force sufficient force to keep the piston apart of the wall.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le piston présente une gorge qui sert de logement pour lesdits moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre alors que la paroi intérieure du cylindre est lisse, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite gorge est logée une pluralité de buses mobiles radialement rais non axialement, cette pluralité s'étendant sur toute la périphérie de ladite gorge, ces buses mobiles étant aptes à créer ensemble un coussin de fluide continu entre la périphérie de la gorge et la paroi du cylindre lorsqu'elles sent alimentées en fluide sous pression à travers un ou plusieurs canaux prévus dans le piston.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the piston has a groove which serves as a housing for said means interposed between the piston and the cylinder while the inner wall of the cylinder is smooth, characterized in that in said groove is housed a plurality of radially non-axially movable nozzles, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they feels supplied with pressurized fluid through one or more channels provided in the piston.
4. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le cylindre présente une gorge qui sert de logement pour pour lesdits moyens intercalés entre le piston et le cylindre alors que la paroi intérieure du piston est lisse, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite gorge est logée une pluralité de buses mobiles radialement mais non axia- lement, cette pluralité s'étendant sur toute la périphérie de ladite gorge, ces buses mobiles étant aptes à créer ensemble un coussin de fluide continu entre la périphérie de la gorge et la paroi du cylindre lorsqu'elles sont ali¬ mentées en fluide sous pression à travers un ou plusieurs canaux prévus dans le cylindre.4. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cylinder has a groove which serves as a housing for for said means interposed between the piston and the cylinder while the inner wall of the piston is smooth, characterized in that in said groove is housed a plurality of nozzles movable radially but not axially, this plurality extending over the entire periphery of said groove, these movable nozzles being capable of creating together a cushion of continuous fluid between the periphery of the groove and the wall of the cylinder when they are supplied with pressurized fluid through one or more channels provided in the cylinder.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que chaque segment élémentaire est étage, présentant un gradin intermédiaire de sorte que son aire postérieure sur laquelle s'exerce la pression élevée de fluide d'alimentation du collecteur est plus petite que son aire antérieure sur laquelle s'exerce la pression antagoniste du coussin. <_5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that each elementary segment is stage, having an intermediate step so that its posterior area on which the high pressure of the collector supply fluid is exerted is more small than its anterior area on which the antagonistic pressure of the cushion is exerted. <_
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5 , caractérisé en ce que les segments élémentaires formant buses mobiles radialement sont associés à un ressort de traction agissant sur eux dans le même sens que la contre- pression du coussin pour les solliciter à l'écart de la surface lisse en regard.6. Device according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the elementary segments forming radially movable nozzles are associated with a tension spring acting on them in the same direction as the back pressure of the cushion to urge them to the gap of the facing smooth surface.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le ressort de traction est constitué d'une unique lame élastique fixée de loin en loin, par des agrafes ou analogues, alternativement au cylindre ou au piston selon le cas et à chaque segment élémentaire.7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the tension spring consists of a single elastic blade fixed from far to far, by staples or the like, alternately to the cylinder or to the piston as the case may be and to each elementary segment .
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé de moyens de récupé¬ ration de compression et de recyclage d'au moins une partie du fluide provenant du coussin de fluide. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it is equipped with means of compression recovery and recycling of at least part of the fluid coming from the fluid cushion.
9. Dispositif piston-cylindre selon l'une des revendica¬ tions 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il est équipé de moyens pour prélever une partie du fluide contenu dans ladite chambre et pour le comprimer avant de l'envoyer dans le coussin de fluide.9. Piston-cylinder device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is equipped with means for taking a part of the fluid contained in said chamber and for compressing it before sending it into the cushion. of fluid.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il constitue un compresseur de vapeur d'eau, et en ce que le fluide du coussin de fluide est de l'eau.10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it constitutes a water vapor compressor, and in that the fluid of the fluid cushion is water.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce a 'il constitue un vérin. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a 'it constitutes a jack.
PCT/FR1985/000371 1984-12-26 1985-12-23 Fluid segment device for piston jack, pump or compressor WO1986003817A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8419800A FR2575260B1 (en) 1984-12-26 1984-12-26 FLUID SEGMENT DEVICE FOR COMPRESSOR, PUMP OR PISTON CYLINDER
FR84/19800 1984-12-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986003817A1 true WO1986003817A1 (en) 1986-07-03

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ID=9310965

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FR1985/000371 WO1986003817A1 (en) 1984-12-26 1985-12-23 Fluid segment device for piston jack, pump or compressor

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0205521A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2575260B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986003817A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003038320A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Per Olav Haughom Method and device at a hydrodynamic pump piston
WO2016120556A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Vianney Rabhi Sealing device with fluid cushion

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10428954B2 (en) * 2015-01-30 2019-10-01 Vianney Rabhi Fluid-cushion sealing device

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US2570647A (en) * 1947-02-08 1951-10-09 Jones & Lamson Mach Co Power cylinder and piston with leakage control
FR1541967A (en) * 1967-10-26 1968-10-11 Improvements in the assembly of piston-cylinder systems
DE2719190A1 (en) * 1977-04-29 1978-11-09 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Water jet rock breaking cannon - has lubricating and sealing arrangement with stepped piston inside stepped cylinder
FR2540941A1 (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Bertin & Cie Fluid sealing ring device for a heat engine with a piston

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2570647A (en) * 1947-02-08 1951-10-09 Jones & Lamson Mach Co Power cylinder and piston with leakage control
FR1541967A (en) * 1967-10-26 1968-10-11 Improvements in the assembly of piston-cylinder systems
DE2719190A1 (en) * 1977-04-29 1978-11-09 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Water jet rock breaking cannon - has lubricating and sealing arrangement with stepped piston inside stepped cylinder
FR2540941A1 (en) * 1983-02-14 1984-08-17 Bertin & Cie Fluid sealing ring device for a heat engine with a piston

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003038320A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-08 Per Olav Haughom Method and device at a hydrodynamic pump piston
US6983682B2 (en) 2001-11-01 2006-01-10 Per Olav Haughom Method and device at a hydrodynamic pump piston
WO2016120556A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-04 Vianney Rabhi Sealing device with fluid cushion
FR3032252A1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2016-08-05 Vianney Rabhi FLUID CUSHION SEALING DEVICE
CN107208618A (en) * 2015-01-30 2017-09-26 V·拉比 fluid cushion sealing device
KR20170109230A (en) * 2015-01-30 2017-09-28 비아니 라비 Sealing device with fluid cushion
JP2018512541A (en) * 2015-01-30 2018-05-17 ラビー, ヴィアニーRABHI Vianney Fluid cushion sealing device
KR102576271B1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2023-09-07 비아니 라비 Sealing device with fluid cushion
EP3303885B1 (en) * 2015-01-30 2024-05-22 Vianney Rabhi Sealing device with fluid cushion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2575260B1 (en) 1989-09-29
EP0205521A1 (en) 1986-12-30
FR2575260A1 (en) 1986-06-27

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