WO1986002526A1 - Electronic frequency modulator - Google Patents

Electronic frequency modulator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1986002526A1
WO1986002526A1 PCT/AU1985/000258 AU8500258W WO8602526A1 WO 1986002526 A1 WO1986002526 A1 WO 1986002526A1 AU 8500258 W AU8500258 W AU 8500258W WO 8602526 A1 WO8602526 A1 WO 8602526A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
electronic
band frequency
crop pests
resistor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU1985/000258
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Alan Fry
Original Assignee
Hi-Tec Control Systems Pty. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hi-Tec Control Systems Pty. Ltd. filed Critical Hi-Tec Control Systems Pty. Ltd.
Publication of WO1986002526A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986002526A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
    • A01M29/16—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using sound waves
    • A01M29/18—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using sound waves using ultrasonic signals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0269—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time for generating multiple frequencies
    • B06B1/0276—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time for generating multiple frequencies with simultaneous generation, e.g. with modulation, harmonics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/023—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of differential amplifiers or comparators, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/0231—Astable circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/75—Repelling animals, insects, humans

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electronic frequency modulator of the type wherein a lower band frequency is transmitted on a carrier wave being an upper band frequency.
  • the present invention has particular application in its use as an electronic scarecrow, however it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is of wider application as a deterrent to animal and insect crop pests, and is not therefore to be li itively construed by the following detailed description of its use as an electronic scarecrow.
  • an electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transducer, preferably a peizo ceramic.
  • a method of protecting crops from crop pests using an electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transducer, preferably a peizo ceramic.
  • the present invention generates acoustically pressurized air waves which affect the muscular and skeletal structure of the bird or bat in flight and the unpleasant sensation causes the bird or bat to divert its flight path to avoid the effect.
  • the ultrasonic frequency effective in controlling crop pests was found to lie within the following ranges. marsupials 10 - 25 KHz birds 15 - 35 KHz insects 40 - 80 KHz
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the preferred embodiment in use as an electronic scarecrow.
  • Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the electronic circuitry of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
  • the electronic scarecrow shown in Fig. 1 is used in a ten acre paddock and is designed to withstand extremes of weather and the normal handling of orchardists and farmers.
  • the electronic scarecrow can be run either continuously or can be preset with a programmable timer to only operate when the crop pests are most prevalent. For larger operations several devices as shown in Fig. 1 can be spaced throughout the orchard or farm.
  • the commercial electronic scarecrow comprises a plurality of known transducer heads 1, mounted on a support column 2 by means of adjustable mount 3.
  • the support column 2 is stayed to the ground by conventional stays 4 supported on plate 5 on support column 2.
  • a power supply in the form of a battery 6 is connected to the power pack 7 containing the electronic timer switch, battery level indicator and circuitry as detailed in Fig. 2.
  • circuitry comprises the following known electronic components: COMPONENT LIST R15 10 ohm 1/4 w resistor Rl 10 ohm 1/4 w resistor
  • R23 from IK to 150K fixed component depending on unit refer to data sheet Rll 4.7K 1/4 w resistor R6 4.7K 1/4 w resistor R24 220K 1/4 w resistor R10 68K 1/4 w resistor R30 470K 1/4 w resistor R27 470K 1/4 w resistor R9 560K 1/4 w resistor R20 1M w resistor
  • the present invention is a combination of two frequencies, an upper and a lower band frequency modulated together to produce an FM effect on transmission from a piece of peizo ceramic.
  • the lower band frequency referred to as infrasonic frequency
  • infrasonic frequency is produced through a linear ramp in a 555 IC working as an astable operation which when triggered produces a pulse applied to an IC LM 3900 (op-amp) producing a staircase generation system which ramps down from a 12 volts.
  • a zena diode Dl supplies the offset and prevents pin 5 of the 566 chip approaching the 12 volt locking up the ramp output of T5 producing a linear range of sweep voltage.
  • the combination is then applied to a common output amp configuration of known circuitry type.
  • the infrasonic signal is to be at the same pulse length as the bird's wing beat. Any alteration to that frequency will have little effect on controlling of birds.

Abstract

Electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transducer. The present invention can be used as a method of protecting crops from crop pests.

Description

ELECTRONIC FREQUENCY MODULATOR The present invention relates to an electronic frequency modulator of the type wherein a lower band frequency is transmitted on a carrier wave being an upper band frequency. The present invention has particular application in its use as an electronic scarecrow, however it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is of wider application as a deterrent to animal and insect crop pests, and is not therefore to be li itively construed by the following detailed description of its use as an electronic scarecrow.
In Australia considerable damage is done to crops and in particular orchards by flying foxes (fruit bats) and birds which descend and devour or damage fruit prior to harvest.
Inf an average orchard of ten acres containing between three and four thousand fruit trees it is not uncommon for, from two to three million flying foxes, to descend on the orchard and completely devastate the fruit crop and even to break the secondary growth on the trees all within a time span of half an hour.
In order to prevent such destruction of crops, orchardists and growers presently use nets, electric wires and guns in' an effort to at least save some of the crop.
These three presently used methods are only partially effective as both electric wires and guns are activated on a periodic cycle and the birds or bats soon learn when the deterrent is non-activated and netting of large areas of orchards or crops is both labour intensive and inefficient in coping with the extreme numbers of birds or bats that can descend on a crop or orchard. The present invention seeks to substantially overcome or at least ameliorate to a great extent the above disadvantages.
In one broad aspect there is provided an electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transducer, preferably a peizo ceramic.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of protecting crops from crop pests using an electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transducer, preferably a peizo ceramic.
The present invention generates acoustically pressurized air waves which affect the muscular and skeletal structure of the bird or bat in flight and the unpleasant sensation causes the bird or bat to divert its flight path to avoid the effect.
Whilst sonic and ultrasonic devices are known and - have been tried in the past as a deterrent against birds and bats, they have proven ineffective because the bird or bat soon realises that it is only a noise and there is nothing physical preventing them from feeding.
Through lengthy trials it was discovered that only a specific modulated frequency corresponding with the bird or bat's wing beat would give an unpleasant effect causing the bird or bat to divert its flight path and avoid the effect. It was found that within certain species not every member of that species would be affected by the one modulated frequency.
The ultrasonic frequency effective in controlling crop pests was found to lie within the following ranges. marsupials 10 - 25 KHz birds 15 - 35 KHz insects 40 - 80 KHz
Models are presently available for the specific applications as set out below.
LOWER BAND UPPER BAND FREQUENCY FREQUENCY MODEL CROP PEST INFRASONIC ULTRASONIC
CPS KHZ
815 Crows, galahs, 1-400 17-30 cockatoos LOWER BAND UPPER BAND
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
MODEL CROP PEST INFRASO IC ULTRASONIC CPS KHZ
825 Starlings, 1-200 25-40 leathernecks, parrots (certain varieties only)
835 Sheep, cattle, 1-100 20-25 kangaroos, pigs
845 Flying foxes, 1-350 20-25 cormorants, pelicans, dogs, egrets, night herons, ducks 855 Rabbits, mice, 1-50 18-30 white tail rats, possums, wombats The present invention will now be described by reference to a preferred embodiment which is illustrated in the attached drawings in which Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the preferred embodiment in use as an electronic scarecrow.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the electronic circuitry of the embodiment of Fig. 1.
The electronic scarecrow shown in Fig. 1 is used in a ten acre paddock and is designed to withstand extremes of weather and the normal handling of orchardists and farmers. The electronic scarecrow can be run either continuously or can be preset with a programmable timer to only operate when the crop pests are most prevalent. For larger operations several devices as shown in Fig. 1 can be spaced throughout the orchard or farm.
In Fig. 1 the commercial electronic scarecrow comprises a plurality of known transducer heads 1, mounted on a support column 2 by means of adjustable mount 3. The support column 2 is stayed to the ground by conventional stays 4 supported on plate 5 on support column 2.
A power supply in the form of a battery 6 is connected to the power pack 7 containing the electronic timer switch, battery level indicator and circuitry as detailed in Fig. 2.
The components as above listed in Fig. 1 with the exception of the circuitry of Fig. 2 are all known and available components.
In Fig. 2 the circuitry comprises the following known electronic components: COMPONENT LIST R15 10 ohm 1/4 w resistor Rl 10 ohm 1/4 w resistor
R22 10 ohm 1/4 w resistor R28 220 ohm 1/4 w resistor R26 ' 470 ohm.1/4 w resistor • R14,29,5 IK 1/4 w resistor R18 1.2K 1/4 w resistor
R23 from IK to 150K fixed component depending on unit, refer to data sheet Rll 4.7K 1/4 w resistor R6 4.7K 1/4 w resistor R24 220K 1/4 w resistor R10 68K 1/4 w resistor R30 470K 1/4 w resistor R27 470K 1/4 w resistor R9 560K 1/4 w resistor R20 1M w resistor
R3 1.2M 1/4 w resistor
R21 1.5M 1/4 w resistor R2 1.8M 1/4 w resistor
R17 5.6M 1/4 w resistor R4,12 110 ohm 1 w resistor
R25 0-25K depending on data sheet attached R8 0-lOOK depending on data sheet attached R19 0-50K depending on data sheet attached R16 2.7K 1/4 w resistor R7N Not part of main circuit board 3.3 ohms 5 watt
R13N Not part of main circuit board 3.3 ohms 5 watt
C8 TL .001 Ceramic 50V
C2 TL 470 Ceramic 50V C3 NL .001 G cap 100V
C4 TL .01 Ceramic 50V
C5 TM .1/50 Monobloc X5V low profile
Cl TM .1/50 Monobloc X5V low profile
C6 NL .01 G cap 100V C7 NL .01 G cap 100V
D2 IN 914A-P
Dl IN 914A-P
IC1 555 chips IC2 LM3900 chip IC3 566 chip
TIN 2N3055
T7N 2N3055 T6 2N2907A-M
T9, 3, 2 BSW64 T4 DS 557
T8, 2 GED44C8
The present invention is a combination of two frequencies, an upper and a lower band frequency modulated together to produce an FM effect on transmission from a piece of peizo ceramic.
The lower band frequency, referred to as infrasonic frequency, is produced through a linear ramp in a 555 IC working as an astable operation which when triggered produces a pulse applied to an IC LM 3900 (op-amp) producing a staircase generation system which ramps down from a 12 volts. A zena diode Dl supplies the offset and prevents pin 5 of the 566 chip approaching the 12 volt locking up the ramp output of T5 producing a linear range of sweep voltage. The IC3 roduces a s uare wave out ut in the form of an FM signal which is applied to T9 via pin 3 of IC3 in the required ultrasonic frequencies. The combination is then applied to a common output amp configuration of known circuitry type. The infrasonic signal is to be at the same pulse length as the bird's wing beat. Any alteration to that frequency will have little effect on controlling of birds.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the combination of an infrasonic pulse frequency modulated with an ultrasonic pulse and used as a deterrent for crop pests is unique; and modifications both to the design of the transmitter and the circuitry may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

THE CLAIMS:
1. An electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a square wave output on transmission from a transduce .
2. An electronic frequency modulator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the transducer is in the form of a peizo ceramic.
3. An electronic frequency modulator as claimed in claims 1 or 2 wherein the lower band frequency is pulsed with an upper band frequency pulse.
4. A method of protecting crops from crop pests using an electronic frequency modulator which combines a lower band frequency with an upper band frequency to produce a- square wave output on transmission from a transducer.
5. A method of protecting crops from crop pests as claimed in claim 4 wherein the transducer is a peizo ceramic. * .
6. A method as claimed in claims 4 or 5 wherein the square wave output is of a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the particular crop pests wing beat.
7. A method as claimed in claims 4 or 5 wherein the square wave output is of a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the particular crop pests heart beat.
8. An electronic frequency modulator as herein described with reference to the attached drawings.
9. A method of protecting crops from crop pests as herein described.
10. An electronic frequency modulator as claimed in claim 1 to 3 which combines a lower band frequency in the range of 1-500 cps with an upper band frequency in the range of 10-80 KHz.
11. A method of projecting crops from crop pests as claimed in claim 4 to 7 which combines a lower band frequency in the range of 1-500 cps with an upper band frequency in the range of 10-80 KHz.
PCT/AU1985/000258 1984-10-26 1985-10-28 Electronic frequency modulator WO1986002526A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG7858 1984-10-26
AUPG785884 1984-10-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986002526A1 true WO1986002526A1 (en) 1986-05-09

Family

ID=3770813

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1985/000258 WO1986002526A1 (en) 1984-10-26 1985-10-28 Electronic frequency modulator

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0199766A4 (en)
WO (1) WO1986002526A1 (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299932A1 (en) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-18 Giuseppa Alfano Electronic apparatus, especially adapted for extermination of rats
GB2211649A (en) * 1987-10-27 1989-07-05 Pal Int Ltd Bird dispersal apparatus
WO1993023995A2 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-12-09 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Use of alkyl cyclopentanone, cycloalkanol and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions for repelling blood feeding arthropods and apparatus for determining repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods
US5278537A (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-01-11 Winner International Corporation Electronic alarm for avoiding collision with animals in a non-destructive manner
WO1997037534A1 (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-10-16 Jean Gilles Jocelyn Courtin Ultrasonic pest repeller
DE29721995U1 (en) * 1997-12-13 1999-02-18 Nopper Johannes Device for preventing damage from certain animal species
MD1754G2 (en) * 1992-09-11 2002-03-31 Philip Morris Products Inc. Cigarette, smoking system and heating element
WO2004093537A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2004-11-04 Woodstream Corporation Ultrasonic pest repeller
US10888084B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2021-01-12 Nrg Systems, Inc. Ultrasonic bat deterrent system
US11399534B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2022-08-02 Nrg Systems, Inc. Techniques for providing a broad-band ultrasonic transducer device using a plurality of narrow-band transducer arrays and a method of wildlife deterrence using same

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB642097A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-08-30 Sadir Carpentier Improvements in or relating to signal transmission systems
US2856586A (en) * 1953-08-13 1958-10-14 Gen Precision Lab Inc Mixer-modulator
US3300733A (en) * 1964-12-16 1967-01-24 Monsanto Co Relaxation oscillator modulated by another relaxation oscillator
GB1265441A (en) * 1970-03-04 1972-03-01
US3872472A (en) * 1973-12-11 1975-03-18 Robert G Moschgat Ultrasonic system for repelling noxious fauna
US4186387A (en) * 1976-11-04 1980-01-29 Micro-Sonics, Inc. Ultrasonic pest repellent method and system
AU6239480A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-04-02 David Carson An alarm
FR2479652A1 (en) * 1980-04-08 1981-10-09 Relle Michel Bird and animal scarer for crops and airports - uses frequency modulated audible output between 12 khz and 20 khz at differing repetition rates and for varying durations
EP0129415A2 (en) * 1983-06-17 1984-12-27 Hideo Hayakawa Method of and system for threatening pests
AU3599084A (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-06-13 Paruna Pty Limited Pest control device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2022056A1 (en) * 1970-05-05 1971-11-18 Delross Electronic Corp Method and device for pest control
FR2338647A1 (en) * 1976-01-22 1977-08-19 Anselme Gilbert Electronic insect and animal repellent - has HF and LF oscillators with frequency ranges regulated by capacitors and potentiometer
CH595750A5 (en) * 1976-03-05 1978-02-28 Joseph A Hirs
FR2407667A2 (en) * 1977-11-04 1979-06-01 Bjedic Jean Ultrasonic wave generator for keeping rodents away - with very low frequency signal fed to oscillator to be high frequency chopped and fed to speakers via amplifier
DE3229904A1 (en) * 1982-08-11 1984-02-16 B & M Lizenzgesellschaft mbH, 8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen DEVICE FOR KEEPING ANIMALS AWAY

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB642097A (en) * 1945-10-25 1950-08-30 Sadir Carpentier Improvements in or relating to signal transmission systems
US2856586A (en) * 1953-08-13 1958-10-14 Gen Precision Lab Inc Mixer-modulator
US3300733A (en) * 1964-12-16 1967-01-24 Monsanto Co Relaxation oscillator modulated by another relaxation oscillator
GB1265441A (en) * 1970-03-04 1972-03-01
US3872472A (en) * 1973-12-11 1975-03-18 Robert G Moschgat Ultrasonic system for repelling noxious fauna
US4186387A (en) * 1976-11-04 1980-01-29 Micro-Sonics, Inc. Ultrasonic pest repellent method and system
AU6239480A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-04-02 David Carson An alarm
FR2479652A1 (en) * 1980-04-08 1981-10-09 Relle Michel Bird and animal scarer for crops and airports - uses frequency modulated audible output between 12 khz and 20 khz at differing repetition rates and for varying durations
EP0129415A2 (en) * 1983-06-17 1984-12-27 Hideo Hayakawa Method of and system for threatening pests
AU3599084A (en) * 1983-11-28 1985-06-13 Paruna Pty Limited Pest control device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0199766A4 *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0299932A1 (en) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-18 Giuseppa Alfano Electronic apparatus, especially adapted for extermination of rats
GB2211649A (en) * 1987-10-27 1989-07-05 Pal Int Ltd Bird dispersal apparatus
GB2211649B (en) * 1987-10-27 1991-11-27 Pal Int Ltd Bird dispersal apparatus
WO1993023995A2 (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-12-09 International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. Use of alkyl cyclopentanone, cycloalkanol and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions for repelling blood feeding arthropods and apparatus for determining repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods
WO1993023995A3 (en) * 1992-05-22 1994-05-11 Use of alkyl cyclopentanone, cycloalkanol and phenyl alkanol derivative-containing compositions for repelling blood feeding arthropods and apparatus for determining repellency and attractancy of semiochemicals against and for blood feeding arthropods
US5278537A (en) * 1992-07-27 1994-01-11 Winner International Corporation Electronic alarm for avoiding collision with animals in a non-destructive manner
MD1754G2 (en) * 1992-09-11 2002-03-31 Philip Morris Products Inc. Cigarette, smoking system and heating element
WO1997037534A1 (en) * 1994-09-28 1997-10-16 Jean Gilles Jocelyn Courtin Ultrasonic pest repeller
DE29721995U1 (en) * 1997-12-13 1999-02-18 Nopper Johannes Device for preventing damage from certain animal species
WO2004093537A1 (en) * 2003-04-14 2004-11-04 Woodstream Corporation Ultrasonic pest repeller
US7012506B2 (en) 2003-04-14 2006-03-14 Woodstream Corporation Ultrasonic pest repeller
US10888084B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2021-01-12 Nrg Systems, Inc. Ultrasonic bat deterrent system
US11399534B2 (en) 2015-11-03 2022-08-02 Nrg Systems, Inc. Techniques for providing a broad-band ultrasonic transducer device using a plurality of narrow-band transducer arrays and a method of wildlife deterrence using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0199766A1 (en) 1986-11-05
EP0199766A4 (en) 1987-04-29

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