WO1986000826A1

WO1986000826A1 - Screw type crusher

Info

Publication number: WO1986000826A1
Application number: PCT/SE1984/000268
Authority: WO
Inventors: Sven Haglund
Original assignee: Sven Haglund
Priority date: 1984-07-31
Filing date: 1984-07-31
Publication date: 1986-02-13
Also published as: GB8607630D0; GB2177022B; GB2177022A; DE3490734T1

Abstract

A crusher for comminuting material between a rotatable material feeder in the form of a screw conveyor (4) and a number of substantially stationary anvils (3). The anvils (3) are arranged in a spaced, adjustable relationship relative to one another and relative to the screw, such that outlets (16) are formed between the anvils in order to successively discharge comminuted material during the feeding of the material along the screw. The direction of rotating of the screw is reversable, such that the material can be fed in any direction along the screw, thereby being successively comminuted and discharged through the outlets (16). Two press plates (19, 20) are arranged to feed the material under pressure sideways toward the screw (4). The plates are provided with cleaning iron plates (22) for scraping the outlets (16). The bottom of the crusher is swingable, so that the anvils (3) may be moved away, thereby enabling non-comminutable material to be discharged from the crusher. Each end of the screw is provided with a throttle ring (25) in order to reduce any discharge of material via the ends of the screw. The anvils (3) are provided with a cutting edge (14, 15) at each side of the screw.

Description

Screw type crusher

TECHNICAL FIELD

5. The present invention relates to a screw type crusher for comminuting materials between a material feeder in the form of a rotatable screw conveyor, and a number of substantially stationary breaker anvils arranged along the length direc¬ tion of the screw. The expression "materials" means especial- 0 ly waste wood products but also other di si ntegrab le materials, such as peats.

BACKGROUND ART

5 Two main types of screws type crushers are commonly used.

According to one type, disclosed in the Swedish patent speci¬ fication No. 8103696-4, the material is fed through two rota¬ table screws, the material thereby being comminuted and crushed between the screws before it discharges through the 0 interspaces therebetween. Such crushers consume much energy. In addition, they provide crushed materials of irregular size. Besides, the wear of the screws has a non-uniform d stribution along the length of the screws.

5 The second main type of screw type crushers to which the pre¬ sent invention is related, is based upon a co-operation bet¬ ween a rotary screw and substantially stationary crusher sur¬ faces. An example of such a crusher is disclosed in the U.S. patent specification No. 3,102,694. With such known crushers, 0 the material is fed. into one end of the screw, and then along the screw, thereby being crushed against the substantially stationary crusher surfaces. The material is then discharged at the other end of the screw. With such crushing, material is often liable to get stuck, thereby causing a stop of the 5 . eeding.

Ϊ SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide a screw type crusher of the aforesaid kind, which requires less energy consumption than known crushers, and which provides a more efficient feeding and comminuting of the material along the screw and with a reduced risk of getting the material stur-ck.'

This object is achieved by a screw type crusher having the characteristic features set forth in Claim 1.

Further developments of the invention are set forth in the depending claims.

According to the invention there is obtained the possibility of introducing the material anywhere along the entire length of the screw. The material will be clamped at the feeding side of the screw between the screw and the breaker anvils while material is being thrown upwards at the opposite side of the screw. The material is comminuted between the screw and the breaker anvils and is fed at the feeding side of the screw towards one end of the screw, thereby successively discharging comminuted material. By reversal of the direc- tion of rotation of the screw, the material is then fed at the other side of the screw, which now constitutes the feeding side, towards the opposite end of the screw, the material thereby being successively discharged. By thus continous ly discharging material during the two oppositely directed rota- tions of the screw, less energy will be needed for the feeding of the material while at the same time the crushing operation is less liable to failure interruptions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof illustrated in the accom- panying drawings.

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a screw and a crusher anvil of the screw type crusher.

Figure 2 is a front elevational view, partially in sectional view, showing the screw and a number of crusher anvils accor¬ ding to Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view si ilar to Figure 1, but at reduced scale, showing the screw type crusher.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the screw type crusher shown in Figure 3.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The screw type crusher presents a housing 1 which is open at its top, and the bottom of which substantially consists of a plurality (ten of which are shown) of tubes 2 being rectangu¬ lar in cross-section. These tubes extend parallel relative to one another, spaced apart at a given, preferably adjustable distance. A crusher anvil 3 (the shape of which will be de¬ scribed further below) is welded to the upper side of each tube 2 at the centre thereof. A material feeder in the form of a screw conveyor 4, which consists of a cylindrical tube 6, being provided with a helical screw blade 5, is horison- tally mounted in the housing between a motor 7, which is arranged in one wall of the housing 1, and a corresponding bearing 7a in an opposite wall of the housing. The screw 4 extends above every crusher anvil 3 perpendicular to the tubes 2, and spaced apart from the periphery of the blade 5 at a distance which is preferably adjustable.

Each anvil 3 consists of a plate 8 (see Figs. 1 and 2) being welded to a respect ve one of the tubes 2, the plate presen¬ ting a recess in the shape of a cylindrical circle segment 9 (see Fig. 1) having the same radius as the periphery of the blade 5. The segment 9 is orientated perpendicularly to the tube 2, the plate 8 being outwardly inclined at each side of the lengthwise extending edges of the segment 9, thereby forming a bevelled surface 10 and 11, respecti¬ vely, at each side of the segment 9. The lengthwise edges of the segment 9 are cut obliquely, as seen from a respec¬ tive end of two opposite ends of the segment 9, thus forming two slopes 12 and 13 which also intersect the bevelled sur- faces 10 and 11. The reverse side of the slopes 12 and 13 therefore forms a shearing or cutting edge 14 and 15, respec¬ tively (see also Fig. 4), consisting of a first portion having the shape of an arc AB of a circle (see Figs. 1-2), which represents half of the arc line of the segment 9, and a second portion having the shape of a straight line BC (see Figs. 1-2), which represents the rear edge of the inclined cut surface 10 and 11, respectively.

The tubes 2 and thus also the anvils 3 are suitably mounted in an adjustable spaced relationship relative to one another and relative to the periphery of the blade 5 (as has been indicated above) in order to enable an adjustment to a de¬ sired maximum size of the crushed material. The interspaces between the tubes 2 therefore form discharge outlets 16 for crushed material. Said adjustability can readily be done by a man skilled in the art, and thus no instructions there¬ for will be needed. Any constructional details for accomp¬ lishing said adjustability would be apparent, and need, there¬ fore, not be shown or described here.

The anvils 3 as well as the screw 4 are uniformly dimensioned along the entire working length of the screw. The expression "working length" here means the length of the screw between the outermost anvils.

The bottom of the housing 1 that is formed by the tubes 2 is pivotable downwardly via a joint 17 by means of two hydraulic cylinders 18, thereby enabling non-crushable material to be removed.

Two press plates 19 and 20 are arranged to feed material that is to be com inuted sideways and under pressure towards the screw 4. The press plates are each powered by an indi¬ vidual hydraulic cylinder 21, only one of which being shown in Figure 4. The press plates 19 and 20 can either alter¬ natively or together feed material toward the screw. Each of the plates 19 and 20 consists, in the embodiment shown, of a sheet having a U-shaped cross-section, the front wall of which extends in parallel to the screw 4 and which consti¬ tutes the essential press plate which can be parallelly dis¬ placed to or from the screw by said cylinder 21.

The press plates 19 and 20 are provided wi h cleaning plates 22 of iron which protrude into the outlets 16 (see Fig. 3). The cleaning plates are intended to scrape the outlets 16 while the plates 19 and 20 are being parallelly displaced. The front edge of the cleaning plates is obliquely cut, suitably by about 45°, which is shown at 22a in Figure 3. The cleaning plates 22 are guided by the elongated apertures 16 but also by elongated apertures 23 between stationary tubes 24 which form extensions of the tubes 2.

Each end of the screw 4 has a throttle ring 25 in order to reduce discharge of material via the ends of the screw.

Every component of the crusher is preferably manufactured from high resistant steel or the like. The blade 5 and possible also the anvils 3 are, however, preferably made of a hard metal alloy.

Operation of the screw type crusher is as follo s:

Material to be disintegrated is introduced from above through the open upper part of the housing 1. The material may be introduced anywhere between the press plates 19 and 20 and over the entire working length of the screw 4. The press plates 19 and 20 feed the material toward the screw 4, which has been given a rotational speed in a first direction by means of the motor 7, depicted by the arrow 26 in Figure 1. Thereby, the material will be clamped between the screw 4 and the anvils 3 at the right hand side of the screw, as seen in F gures 1 and 4. The direction of rotation of the blade 5, also corresponding to the arrow 26 in Figure 1, causes the feed direction of the screw to be upwards, as seen in Figure 4, i.e. in a direction opposite to the direc¬ tion of the cutting edges 14. Upon reversal of the direc¬ tion of rotation of the screw by means of the motor 7, the blade 5 will feed the material at the other side of the screw and in the opposite direction, i.e. downwardly in Fi gure 4.

While comminuting the material between the screw 4 and the anvils 3, and by the cutting edges 14 and 15, disintegrated material wi ll be discharged through the outlets 16, where it can be taken care of in a manner not shown.

In the embodiment shown, the segments 9 of the anvils extend only over about 60° of the circumference of the screw 4. According to an alternative embodiment some of the segments 9 of the anvils may instead extend over 360°, i.e. the anvil surrounds entirely the screw. Each of the two circular re¬ cess edges of the anvils thereby forming an edge for acting upon the material. When lowering the bottom of the housing 1 by swinging it about the joint 17 said surrounding anvils of course will remain around the screw, whereas only the split anvils, i.e. those anvils shown in Figure 1, ill be lowered by the bottom of the housing 1. Such surroundings anvils are suitable especially when disintegrating peats and the like material.

The tubes 2 together with the anvils 3 form, as mentioned above, a swingable bottom of the housing 1. In order to further faci litate the discharge of comminuted material through the outlets 16, it is possible to impact to the bottom small shaking movements. This may be done by the provision of a spring in the joint 17 at each side of the bottom. During the feed of the screw 4 in one direction, one of said springs wi ll be compressed, and then released when the force of the screw is removed. Upon reversal of the direction of rotation of the screw, the other spring wi ll be compressed, and so on. Thus, a vibrating movement of the bottom wi ll be achieved. Accordingly, the expression "substantially stationary anvi ls", as used in this specifi¬ cation and in the appended claims, means not only true stationary anvi ls, but also anvi ls capable of performing small movements, for example shaking movements. These movements should not exceed a sideways displacement of 5-10 mm, because the function of the cylinders 18 may otherwise be di stu rbed .

Claims

C l a i ms

1. A screw type crusher for comminuting materials between a material feeder in the form of a rotatable screw conveyor (4), and a number of substantially stationary breaker anvils (3) arranged along the length direction of the screw, c h a - r a c t e r i z e d in that the anvils (3) are so spaced relative to one another that outlets (16) are formed between the anvils in order to successively discharge comminuted material from the crusher during the feeding of the material along the screw (4), the direction of rotation of the screw being reversable, such that the material can be fed in any direction along the screw, thereby being successively commi¬ nuted and discharged through the outlets.

2. A crusher according to Clai 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that it includes two movable press plates (19, 20) for feeding the material sideways toward the screw (4).

3. A crusher according to Claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the press plates (19, 20) are provided ith cleaning iron plates (22) protruding into the outlets (16) during the feed movement of the press plates.

4. A crusher according to anyone of the preceding Claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the anvils (3) are mounted in a spaced, adjustable relationship relative to one another and relative to the screw (4).

5. A crusher according to anyone of the preceding Claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the anvils (3) are swingab¬ le, thus enabling a discharge of non-crushable material.

6. A crusher according to anyone of the preceding Claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each end of the screw (4) is provided th a throttle ring (25) in order to reduce any discharge of material via the ends of. the screw.

7. A crusher according to anyone of the preceding Claims, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the anvils (3) present a cutting edge (14, 15) at each side of the screw (4).

8., A crusher according to Clai 7, c h a r a c t e r i - z e d in that the edges (14) at one side of screw are oppo¬ sitely directed relative to the edges (15) at the other side of the screw, the edges at the feeding side of the screw being oppositely directed relative to the direction of feeding of the screw.