WO1985001891A1

WO1985001891A1 - Process and plant for modifying the characteristics of materials and/or producing materials highly capable of expansion

Info

Publication number: WO1985001891A1
Application number: PCT/AT1984/000037
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ferdinand Ocenasek
Original assignee: Trenner, Otto, Sen.
Priority date: 1983-11-01
Filing date: 1984-10-30
Publication date: 1985-05-09
Also published as: JPS61500267A; AU3559884A; EP0160048A1

Abstract

Mechanical and hydraulic process for the agglomeration of a material or the agglomeration and melting of a plurality of materials in order to produce materials with an improved efficiency (energy gain) together with a reduction of the quantity and/or volume or to obtain new properties for those materials. Bringing closer the atomic network by application of a pressure simultaneously with heat removal enables to modify the structure. To this effect, the absolute air vacuum and the absolute minimum temperature are used. The present process may be used for producing energy carriers for electric plants, heating plants and drive units for melting materials during cold processes etc. Such process and plant are also appropriate for the storage and transport of fuels under intense cold and vacuum conditions.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CHANGING SUBSTANCE PROPERTIES AND / OR FOR PRODUCING STRONG EXPANDABLE SUBSTANCES

The invention relates to a method and a device for changing the properties of substances or materials and / or for the production of highly expandable substances (e.g. fuels) and consists in the fact that the substance or material to be modified is expediently as close as possible to the absolute value when frozen Zero point (in the state of superconductivity) is or is under pressure.

It has been shown that the simultaneous supercooling and pressure treatment of a substance can change its atomic structure.

The invention is based on the knowledge that it is possible to change the properties of a substance or a material by exerting an external pressure at low temperatures, in the following directions:

1. During the subsequent heating of the material compressed during deep-freezing, corresponding atomic distances are formed, but these do not correspond to the previous atomic arrangement (lattice). In particular, it is possible in this way to combine different types of materials in a special way by linking their crystal lattices.

2. If the substance remains limited to its compression volume, it will exert a special expansion pressure during the following heating, and will have the greatest ejection or expansion effect.

The subject matter of the invention is further explained with the aid of the drawing.

The illustration shows a vessel 1, into which the substance to be changed is introduced through an upper opening, which is then closed in a highly vacuum-tight manner by the closure 3. The vessel 1 forms a closed unit with a helium pump 13 and is surrounded by a second vessel 4 which is provided with a heat insulation jacket 5 and into which a coolant, for example liquid nitrogen, hydrogen or helium, is filled. In the vessel 1 there is also a movable piston 6, via which a compression force P is exerted by the push rod 7 on the substance 2 to be changed. The push rod 7 is guided 8 in a highly vacuum-tight manner, possibly with a mercury seal or the like.

In order to carry out the method according to the invention expediently, the vessel 1 with the filled-in reactant 2 with vacuum-tight closure and the raised piston 6 is first pumped out by means of a high-vacuum system filled.

Then the line is evacuated. The degree of evacuation is adjustable and can be selected as required. The corresponding temperature and thus the prerequisite for the effect according to the invention arise in substance 2. A two-stage rotating oil pump is advantageous for the evacuation of the vessel 1 + 4 to use, a two- to three-stage turbomolecular pump is expediently connected upstream of such a one- or two-stage pump for vessel 1. Furthermore, sensors 11 and 12 are advantageously provided in the vessel 1 for measuring the conductivity of the substance 2, because it appears particularly expedient if the compression according to the invention is controlled according to the superconductivity. After the correct working temperature has been reached, the substance 2 is compressed by means of pistons 6 (For example, until the superconductivity drops again between 11 and 12 or, for certain purposes still advantageous, it comes close to the limit before it drops). It seems interesting that with such compression and optimal flow, no heat is generated, although of course this can occur during the process. To avoid this, the process is carried out at an absolute minimum temperature of -270 ° C and a high vacuum of 10 ^-12 mba (1 and 13 form a closed cooling system). This makes it possible, above all, to compress a substance appropriately or to atomically combine several substances / materials, that is to say to anchor them to one another in the crystal lattice. For this purpose, a mixture of these substances is poured into the vessel 1, for example a melt alloy or, for example, a corresponding mixture of the finest powders, etc. It is also possible in this way to alloy substances of widely differing melting uride evaporating temperatures. In all of these cases, the piston 6 is raised again after reaching the intended compression and before removing the compression material.

In some cases it can be advantageous to influence the atomic design of the reaction substance by vibrations supplied from the outside (for example via the piston 6).

For the production of highly expandable fuels, the effect of conventional chemical expansion materials can be multiplied by super compression.

The frozen expansion material can also be used for a rocket propulsion, whereby the ejection speed can be regulated via the combustion.

As far as the choice of building materials and operating materials is concerned, they need to be checked on a case-by-case basis, but in principle it seems acceptable as a rule that a material with a lower atomic number of the periodic table should be used for the manufacture of vessel 1 compared to the atomic number of the one to be changed Substance 2 (higher atomic number). Even better, however, is the second rule that the material of the vessel 1 should become superconducting at a much lower temperature than the substance to be changed 2. While it is necessary, for example for melting in a crucible, that the melting material has a lower melting point than the crucible, so to some extent there are inverse conditions, ie the material with a lower melting point is generally more mechanically resistant near the absolute zero point. In any case, the simultaneous consideration of these three points of view enables mastery of the execution questions. The closed cooling system can also be used for economical and reliable storage as well as for the transportation of fuels and fuels in a deep-frozen state.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A method for changing the properties of substances or materials and / or for producing expansion substances, characterized in that the solid or liquid substances or materials to be changed are pressurized during deep-freezing, expediently as close as possible to the absolute zero point /become.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression in the state of superconductivity (high vacuum) or at the same temperature is carried out.

3. The method according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that different types of materials are used, the most intensive connection is sought.

4th Method according to claims 1 to 3 or one of the same, in particular for the change of material properties, characterized in that the compression takes place, optionally also with the application of vibrations, until the given superconductivity drops again or takes place close to this point.

5. The method according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the usual chemical expansion substances are used as the reaction substance (2) for the physical expansion.

6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that when used as a fuel for vehicles of all kinds, the expansion of the reaction substance is regulated via the combustion.

Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a material of lower atomic number of the periodic table is used for the production of a reaction vessel (1) than the atomic number of the material of the substances or materials to be changed (higher Ordnurvgszahl).

8. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material of the reaction vessel (l) becomes superconducting at a substantially lower temperature than the substances or materials (2) to be changed.

Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the selected material of the reaction vessel (1) has a lower melting point than the substances or materials to be changed (2).

10. Institution for carrying out the procedure according to

Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the units Reaktiσnsgefäß (1) and helium pump (13) form a self-contained cooling system filled with liquid helium under high vacuum.

11. The method according to claims 1 to 6 and devices according to claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the closed cooling system according to claim 10 for the storage and / or transport of solid, liquid or gaseous fuels and / or fuels in a deep-frozen state in stationary systems and / or vehicles of all kinds.