WO1985001398A1

WO1985001398A1 - Generator for vehicle with voltage regulator for a control device

Info

Publication number: WO1985001398A1
Application number: PCT/DE1984/000187
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernhard Van Dyken; Wunnibald Frey; Rainer Leunig; Friedhelm Meyer; Erwin Wiedner
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 1983-09-21
Filing date: 1984-09-12
Publication date: 1985-03-28
Also published as: ES536141A0; ES8505795A1; EP0156832A1; DE3402288A1

Abstract

The generator for a vehicle comprises an excitation winding (1), and a plurality of alternating voltage winding (2, 3, 4), a plurality of power rectifiers (5, 6), a switch (ZS) and a regulator (13) for the generator output voltage, a signal element (SL) and a semi-conductor device (21) which detects the ON or OFF position of the switch (ZS) and which influences the current through the signal element (SL).

Description

Generator for vehicles with a voltage regulator belonging to a control device

The invention relates to a generator according to the preamble of claim 1.

The voltage regulators previously used for such generators contain two power transistors connected to one another in a Darlington circuit, via which the excitation current flowing through the excitation winding of the generator is conducted. These change their conduction state in a cycle dependent on the respective level of the generator voltage and are controlled by a transistor, which is usually connected to the DC voltage output of the generator via a Zener diode.

The invention is based on the object of providing an expanded functional range for the regulator in a generator of the type described at the outset, the signal element lighting up the respective operating state of the generator when the generator is at a standstill or inadequate excitation as a light-emitting diode (LED) or as a liquid crystal display (LCD) can be formed. To achieve this object, the measures specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 are provided. Further refinements result from the subclaims. In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown in their circuit diagram and described in more detail below.

The generator shown in FIG. 1 is intended for operation on motor vehicles and works together with a controller which has an expanded functional range. In particular, the generator has a revolving excitation winding 1 and three alternating voltage windings 2, 3 and 4, which are connected in a star, each offset by 120 ° and arranged in a fixed stator, through which the magnetic field of the excitation winding passes. The AC voltages generated in these windings are connected to a bridge circuit formed from six load diodes 5, 6. A plus diode 5 and a minus diode 6 each form a pair of load current diodes, one of the three AC windings 2, 3, 4 being connected to the cathode of the minus diode of a load diode diode connected to the anode of the plus diode. The plus diodes 5 are combined with their cathodes and connected to a common connection terminal B +, which is connected to the plus pole of a vehicle battery 10, while the interconnected anodes of the minus diodes 6 are connected to a common minus line 11 and to the minus pole of the battery 10 and the this connected terminal D- are performed.

Three control diodes 7, 8 and 9 are connected to the alternating voltage windings 2, 3 and 4 of the generator, the cathodes of which are connected to one another with a control line 12 which is led to an input of a voltage regulator 13 labeled D +. The controller is under broken lines framed and contains two connected in a Darlington circuit 16, not specified in detail power transistors, which serve to supply a clocked excitation current to the field winding 1 via the excitation line 151. In addition, the voltage regulator 13 contains the transistorized control device 20, which is preferably in the form of an IC circuit, which measures the actual voltage value via the line 12, compares it with the internally formed nominal value and then drives the Darlington circuit 16 via the base line 51. If the voltage measured via line 12 is too high, Darlington circuit 16 is blocked. If the voltage is too low, the Darlington circuit 16 becomes conductive.

The setpoint is almost constant. It is influenced depending on the temperature. When it is cold, it is regulated to a higher voltage (= higher battery charging voltage), when it is warm to a lower voltage (= battery charging voltage is lower). The decisive factor is the temperature at the controller 13, which generally deviates from the temperature at the battery 10.

The signal lamp SL is connected to ground 11 or separated from ground by a semiconductor element in the voltage regulator 13, preferably by a signal transistor 21.

The function is as follows:

If the ignition switch ZS is closed, on the one hand the signal lamp SL lights up since it is connected to ground via the signal transistor 21, and on the other hand a pre-excitation current flows via the line 151, the field winding 1 and the Darlington circuit 16 to the ground 11. The rule Direction 20 recognizes via line 12 that no voltage has yet been induced (generator rotor does not rotate) and limits the pre-excitation current, for example to 0.5 A, in cooperation with the Darlington circuit 16. This value can be freely selected and is set so that the battery is not unnecessarily discharged when it is at a standstill, but the generator can be energized safely.

If the engine is then started, the generator rotor is rotated and a voltage is induced, which is measured at 12 by the control device 20. The Darlington circuit 16 is now fully conductive, and the usual control function in the interaction of generator / controller begins. At the same time, the signal transistor 21 causes the signal lamp SL to go out.

FIG. 1a explains how the monitoring can be implemented. There, the (npn) signal transistor 21 with its collector at the terminal L and with its emitter on the ground line 11 is connected at its base both to the output of a first comparator 60 and to the negated output of a first AND gate 01. The comparator 60 is connected at its first input via a resistor 62 to the cathode of a zener diode 63, the anode of which is connected to the ground line 11 and thus to the terminal D-. In addition, the first input of the comparator 60 is connected to the terminal 15, to the input of a clock generator 64 and to the first input of a second UHD element 65. The second input of the AND gate 65 is connected to the terminal D +, to the second input of the comparator 60 and to the cathode of a zener diode 66, the anode of which is connected to the first input of the AND gate 61 is. Terminal D + is also connected to ground line 11 via a voltage divider consisting of two resistors 67, 68, the common connection point of the two resistors 67, 68 being located at the first input of a second comparator 69, to which the output of clock generator 64 is also connected is. In addition, the clock generator 64 is still on the input side at the negated output of the second AND gate 65. The comparator 69 is connected with its second input via an adjustable resistor 70 to the connection between the resistor 62 and the Zener diode 63 and with its output to the control input of the Darlington circuit 16. The switching path of the Darlington circuit 16 lies between the second input of the AND gate 61 and the negative line 11, it has the protective diode 24 in its shunt and the emitter belonging to the switching streak and the anode belonging to the diode 24 face the ground line 11. The collector of the Darlington circuit 16 also has a connection to the connection terminal DF and to the anode of the blocking diode 23, the cathode of which is connected to the connection terminal 15. Finally, the voltage divider resistor. 68 still has a temperature-dependent resistor RT in its shunt, which should signal the maximum permissible heating.

The Darlington circuit 16 is on its switching path conductive when the comparator 69 from the connection point of the voltage dividing resistors 67, 68 receives a smaller voltage than from the connection existing between the resistor 62 and the Zener diode 63. In order to reduce the excitation current when the ignition is switched on and the generator is at a standstill, the AND link 63, via the clock generator 64 and the comparator 69 at the control input of the Darlington circuit 16 ensures that the switching path only allows current to pass through there.

The signal transistor 21 is conductive on its emitter-collector path when an undervoltage is present at terminal D + when the ignition is switched on. If there is an overvoltage there, the signal transistor 21 is controlled via the AND gate 61 if the voltage at terminal D + is greater than the control voltage and a relatively low voltage (e.g. less than 2 volts) is present at terminal DF

In principle, however, this circuit can also be modified such that the signal lamp is connected to ground, for example in the dashboard of the vehicle, and receives positive voltage from the signal transistor 21. The plus voltage can e.g. are at the level of the voltage of the battery 10 and are, for example, 10 to 15 V or only make up part of these voltage values. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, a series of connecting terminals is provided between the controller 13 and the brush holder 22 serving to supply the excitation current, to which the field terminal DF connected to the end of the excitation winding 1 belongs, which is connected to the Darlington transistors 16 and the diodes 23 and 24 is connected.

In the generator system shown as the second exemplary embodiment in FIG. 2, a large number of electrical components correspond to that in FIG. 1. The same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 are used for these components. In addition, however, there is an influence on the generator set by the control device 20 output voltage provided at terminal B + depending on the respective temperature of the battery 10. For this purpose, the temperature-dependent resistor RT, which is in heat-conducting connection with the battery, is connected at one end to the ground line 11 via a terminal of the brush holder 22 (not shown) and at its other end to an input terminal of the voltage regulator 13 labeled T is led. The temperature-dependent resistor RT can also be replaced by an appropriate semiconductor circuit.

As we can easily see from Figure 2a, the monitoring is carried out in a similar manner as in Figure 1a. The difference with respect to FIG. 1a is that the temperature-dependent resistor RT has a remote position from the voltage regulator 13 and consequently the connection terminal T is provided on the voltage regulator 13 for the connecting line of the resistor RT used for monitoring the temperature on the battery 10.

In the circuit diagram of a third exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the components that correspond to the previously described exemplary embodiments are provided with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2. The pre-excitation takes place here via a resistor RV.

When the ignition switch ZS is switched off, the Darlington circuit 16 is non-conductive, ie no current flows from the generator B +, via RV, the line 12, field winding 1 and Darlington circuit 16 to ground. If the ignition switch ZS is closed, the control device 20 recognizes the switching state of the ignition switch ZS via the signal lamp SL, the line L2, the line L1. The Darlington circuit 16 becomes conductive via the base line 51. The pre-excitation current flows.

In addition, the signal lamp SL lights up because the signal transistor 21 is switched to ground.

When the engine is started, a voltage is induced in the stator winding due to the rotor speed and the current flowing through the field winding 1.

The usual control function begins. The signal lamp SL goes out.

The monitoring is carried out in detail according to FIG. 3a, where, in contrast to FIG. 1a, a third comparator 71 is used. The comparator 71 is connected in parallel on the input side of a diode 72 which is connected to the input terminal L with its anode and to the signal transistor 21 collector with the cathode. From the input of the comparator 71 connected to the cathode of the diode 72, a connection leads to the first input of the first comparator 60. Further connections do not lead to the first input of the comparator 60. The second input of the comparator 60, which is also here the cathode of the Zener diode 66, with the voltage divider resistor 67 and with the terminal D + connection, is additionally connected to the cathode of the diode 23 and to the terminal of the resistor 62 facing away from the Zener diode 63. The second AND gate with its second input at terminal D + 65 has only its first input with the comparator 71 here. The - not negated here - output of the AND gate 65 is connected to the first input of a third AND gate 73, the second input of which is connected to the common connection of the voltage dividing resistors 67, 68. A (npn) transistor 74 is connected at its collector to the second input of the AND gate 73, at its base to the output of the AND gate 73 and at its emitter to the first input of the second comparator 69.

When the ignition is switched on, the Darlington circuit 16 is blocked on its switching path by the combination of the comparator 71, the AND element 65 and the AND element 73. In contrast, when the ignition is switched on, the switching path of the Darlington circuit 16 is conductive when on Comparator 69, the voltage tapped at the voltage divider 67.68 is below the voltage that is present at the connection between the resistor 62 and the Zener diode 63. The signal transistor 21 is conductive on its emitter-collector path when an undervoltage is present at terminal D + when the ignition is switched on. If there is an overvoltage there, the signal transistor 21 is reversed via the comparator 60 if the voltage at terminal D + is greater than the control voltage and the potential at terminal DF is a relatively small amount, e.g. less than 2 V.

The embodiment variant according to FIG. 4 differs from the previously described exemplary embodiment essentially in that the temperature-dependent resistor RT serving as a temperature sensor, which is in thermally conductive connection with the battery 10, has one of its terminals ends are connected to the excitation or sensing line 12 and are connected at its other connection end to the control device 20. In contrast to the variant shown in FIG. 4, the temperature sensor can be connected to ground 11 instead of D + if the RT and control device 20 are designed accordingly (analogously to FIG. 2).

The realization of the monitoring is in Figure 4a. shown, the difference to Figure 3a is only that again the terminal T is used because the temperature-dependent resistor RT has a remote position from the voltage regulator 13.

In the exemplary embodiments of a generator system shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in contrast to the previously described, no excitation diodes 7, 8, 9 are provided. The excitation current is rather taken from the positive terminal B + of the battery 10, the connecting line leading to the controller input B + also simultaneously supplying the excitation winding 1 of the generator with its operation when and as long as the Darlington circuit 16 of the controller 13 is electrically conductive. In order to avoid an unnecessary removal current from the battery 10 when the generator is at a standstill and the ignition is switched off (ignition switch ZS open), in this case the control device 20 must be able to sense the respective position of the ignition switch ZS via line 52 and, when the ignition switch ZS is open, that the Darlington circuit 16 is locked.

With the aid of the input terminal W, the control device 20 can recognize whether the generator is rotating (= voltage present) or is stationary (= voltage not present). Accordingly the signal transistor 21 is driven and the signal lamp SL lights up or does not light up. For this purpose, the terminal W is connected via a line WL to one of the three alternating voltage windings 2, 3 or 4 of the geerator.

The control can be refined when the ignition switch ZS is inserted so that only a reduced excitation current flows when the generator is stopped. The excitation current can be reduced by clocking the Darlington circuit 16. Another possibility is to operate the Darlington circuit 16 in its active area, in which it has a relatively large volume resistance. The control takes place in each case by the control device 20.

While in FIG. 1 to 4 the voltage actual value is supplied to the control device 20 via the line 12, the actual voltage value comes here via the line B +.

The signal via the WL line also enables further evaluation.

If the power consumption of the generator is to be reduced when the engine is accelerating, this can be achieved via WL.

The frequency of the voltage at WL depends on the speed. A change in engine speed causes a corresponding change in frequency.

An expanded control device 20 can now recognize whether the frequency change is within a predetermined range and the generator is to be de-energized. In this case, the Darlington circuit 16 is blocked via the base line 51.

The monitoring can be implemented according to FIG. 5a, in which elements from FIGS. 1a and 3a are used. In the circuit according to FIG. 5a, an OR gate 75 is provided, which has its first input at the output of the third comparator 71 and with its second input both at the connection terminal W and at the input of a clock generator 76. The connection terminal W also has a connection to the first input of the first comparator 60 and to the here negated first input of the AND gate 65. The second input of the AND gate 65 is connected to the output of the OR gate 75 and to a third input of the AND gate 73. The output of the AND gate 65 is connected to the input of the clock 64, the output of which. first input of the AND gate 73 is. A fourth output of the AND gate 73 is connected to the output of the clock 76. The second connection of the AND gate 73 also has a connection here with the resistors 68, RT and with the collector of the transistor 74. The second input of comparator 60 is connected here to terminal B +, which is connected to voltage divider resistor 67 and resistor 62 at the same time.

The Darlington circuit 16 is conductive on its switching path when the voltage from the voltage divider 67, 68 on the comparator 69 is lower than that on the connection between the resistor 62 and the Zener diode 63. Via the AND element 73, the conductivity of the Darlington Circuit 16 belonging switching path are overridden. The can for example be done with the aid of the comparator 71 and the OR gate 75 when the ignition is switched off and the generator is not supplying any voltage. In addition, it can be done via the comparator 71, the OR gate 75, the AND gate 65 and the clock generator 64 when the switching path of the Darlington circuit 16 operates in clock mode. Finally, it can also be done via the clock 76 if a certain frequency change occurs at the connection terminal W.

The emitter-collector path of the signal transistor 21 is conductive when an undervoltage occurs at the terminal W when the ignition is switched on. If there is an overvoltage, the signal transistor 21 is driven via the AND gate 61 if the voltage at terminal B + is greater than the control voltage and the voltage at terminal DF is a relatively small value, e.g. below 2 V.

In the generator system according to FIG. 6, the temperature-dependent resistor RT, which is in direct heat-conducting connection with the battery 10, is connected on the one hand to the battery positive terminal B + and on the other hand to the control terminal T of the voltage regulator 13. The actual voltage value of the generator for the control device 20 can be taken from this battery terminal B +, which results in a reduction in the number of connection terminals of the generator or its controller.

The monitoring can take place according to FIG. 6a, with FIG. 6a only differing from FIG. 5a insofar as the temperature-dependent resistor RT is again at a position away from the voltage regulator 13 and therefore the connection terminal T is used again. FIG. 7 shows a variant which is particularly interesting for small series and in which semiconductor components of the voltage regulator 13 are combined in one (IC) module 30. Such a module can, as shown in FIG. 7, have three to five terminals A1 to A5 for an equally large number of connecting lines, two of which (A2 and A4) are connected to the winding ends of the excitation winding 1. At least one further connection (A4, A5, A6 or A7) is used to feed the actual voltage value of the generator output voltage. In the exemplary embodiment shown, two further connection terminals A7, A8 are also provided for the resistor RT, which is in thermally conductive connection with the battery 10 and serves as a temperature sensor. Finally, further connection terminals can be provided, for example A9, A6, to which the signal lamp SL or the contact 15 of the ignition switch close to the consumer are connected. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the generator and its brush holder serving to supply current to the excitation winding 1 need only have the necessary number of connections. It is particularly advantageous if the module 30 can be used interchangeably in accordance with the respective task. In this case, the module 30 can be accommodated in the engine compartment of the vehicle or also have a heat-conducting connection with the battery and thus immediately take over the temperature sensor function.

The circuits according to Figures 1 to 7 enable the connection of LCD displays. Good pre-excitation of the generator is also guaranteed. The control device 20 or the module 30 can be designed such that the signal lamp SL can also be used to indicate an error, for example in the event of a broken V-belt, undervoltage or overvoltage. The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, 6 also offer the possibility of achieving an additional fuse with an additional circuit to be fitted inside the controller (extension of the control device 20) in that if the controller is defective, one of the Darlington Circuit 16 to ground bonding wire 53 is cut so that overcharging of the battery is avoided. The energy required for cutting can be supplied via terminal 15 or B +.

Claims

Expectations

1. Generator for operation on vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, with a magnetic field generated by an excitation winding and a plurality of alternating voltage windings penetrated by the magnetic field and with a plurality of load current rectifiers carrying at least part of the generator load current, one of which is between one of the alternating voltage windings and one of the two poles of a battery is located, and with a switch that can be brought to the operation of the vehicle in its closed state, and with a regulating device belonging to a voltage regulator, which influences the excitation current of the generator flowing through the field winding during operation of the generator and thereby determines the generator output voltage, and with a signal element which lights up when the generator is at a standstill or insufficiently excited, characterized in that a controllable semiconductor element is provided in the voltage regulator (13) which is connected to the switch (ZS) and functions Monitoring serves, whereby it changes the current flowing through the signal element (SL) by changing its conductivity.

2. Generator according to Claim 1, with a consumer (V) connected to the contact of the switch (ZS) close to the consumer and switchable when the vehicle is started up, and with a contact of the switch connected to the battery, characterized in that with the contact near the consumer (15 ) a line (151) leading to the control device is connected.

3. Generator according to claim 2, characterized in that the signal element (SL) to the consumer-oriented contact (15) of the switch (ZS) via a line section (L1) and to the controllable semiconductor via a second line section (L2) is connected (Figure 1).

4. Generator according to claim 3, characterized in that when the switch (ZS) is closed, a signal transistor (21) forming the semiconductor element is conductive and the signal element (SL) then has a connection to the ground pole of the battery.

5. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the pre-excitation of the generator, the excitation winding (1) is connected to the positive pole (B +) of the battery.

6. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the pre-excitation of the generator whose field winding (1) is connected to the positive pole (B +) of the battery via a resistor (RV).

7. Generator according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that with the AC windings (2, 3, 4) excitation diodes (7, 8, 9) are connected, the electrodes of which are directed away from the windings to an input terminal (D +) of the controller .

8. Generator according to claim 7, characterized in that at the connection point (D +) of the excitation diodes (7, 8, 9) the actual voltage for the controller (13) is removed.

9. Generator and controller according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the signal element (SL) does not affect the pre-excitation.

10. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a temperature-dependent resistor (RT) is provided, which is connected to a temperature-dependent voltage control input (T) of the controller (13).

11. Generator according to claim 10, characterized in that the temperature-dependent resistor (RT) is connected at the other end to the actual voltage (B + or D +).

12. Generator according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the temperature-dependent resistor (RT) is in thermally conductive connection with the battery.

13. Generator according to claim 1, characterized in that at least some of the semiconductor components of the controller (13) are combined to form an (IC) module.

14. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the controller (13) contains at least three preferably five input terminals, of which at least one (P) for connecting the phase AC voltage of an AC winding (2 or 3 or 4) serves ,, and also receives at least two, preferably four further connections, one of which is provided for the connecting line of the signal element (SL) and one for the operating switch (Z5).

15. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the controller (13) is at least partially exchangeably attached.

16. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 5 », characterized in that when the motor accelerates, the excitation of the generator is interrupted, preferably by a frequency dependent on the engine speed (Figures 5 and 6).

17. Generator according to one of claims 1 to 5 and 7 to 15, characterized in that one of the Darlington circuit (16) to ground bonding wire (53) is cut in the case of a conductive defective controller (Figures 1, 2, 5, 6th ).