WO1984003001A1 - Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support - Google Patents

Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984003001A1
WO1984003001A1 PCT/US1983/000080 US8300080W WO8403001A1 WO 1984003001 A1 WO1984003001 A1 WO 1984003001A1 US 8300080 W US8300080 W US 8300080W WO 8403001 A1 WO8403001 A1 WO 8403001A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rib
terminal support
core
terminal
wire
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1983/000080
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald W Schmanski
Original Assignee
Donald W Schmanski
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Donald W Schmanski filed Critical Donald W Schmanski
Priority to EP83900687A priority Critical patent/EP0131568A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US1983/000080 priority patent/WO1984003001A1/fr
Priority to AU12216/83A priority patent/AU1221683A/en
Publication of WO1984003001A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984003001A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
    • G01N17/02—Electrochemical measuring systems for weathering, corrosion or corrosion-protection measurement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/58—Testing of lines, cables or conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/08—Flat or ribbon cables
    • H01B7/0823—Parallel wires, incorporated in a flat insulating profile

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to devices used in connection with the detection and measurement of the electrical environment of buried metallic pipe ⁇ lines which become subject to the destructive effects of corrosion. More specifically, the present invention pertains to an electrolysis test station terminal assembly which provides insula ⁇ tion, protection and support for conductive wires coupled to the underground pipe and reference electrodes or ground contacts, and is positioned by means of the subject invention to an above-ground orientation in plain view and with exposed terminal leads for direct measurement.
  • galvanic corrosion Although corrosion may result from numerous types of chemical reactions and environments, buried metallic pipelines are particularly subject to electrochemical corrosion. Two specific cate ⁇ gories of electrochemical corrosion include (i) galvanic and (ii) straight current corrosion. In the case of galvanic corrosion, a current flow is established between discrete areas of oxidation and reduction reactions at the buried pipeline. Such galvanic currents are the effect of corrosion activity and provide means for electrical detection of corrosion by current measurement.
  • a common source of galvanic corrosion occurs when a differ- ential aeration corrosion cell is the metallic surface of an underground pipe in contact with an electrolyte.
  • Prior art methods of solving the corrosion problem resulting from electrochemical causes have included treatment of the cause as well as the effect of the reaction. Solutions have included coating the metallic pipes with insulative mater ⁇ ials which operate as a barrier to current flow. Other protective coatings are utilized to establish an insulative barrier between electrolyte within surface of
  • sacrifi ⁇ cial anodes may be buried for purposes of preferen- tial reaction by reason of stray current which could otherwise attack the metallic substance of the buried pipe.
  • Pieces of magnesium, for example, may be buried under the earth at underground sites which are likely to present likelihood of corrosive attack.
  • casement is usually cylindrical in form, with a top cover to protect the terminal and attached leads from damage. These leads are coupled by conductive wire to various test points along the pipe length, as well as other sites of interest.
  • underground pipe ⁇ lines traverse fields, open terrain, and other areas where vegetation, earth and other natural cover may conceal the test station location. It will be apparent that much of the underground pipeline of utilities spans distances between cities and even states and is subject to a variety of soil conditions which create the need for some form of cathodic protection.
  • above-ground terminals are similarly constructed of an outer protective encasement which encloses the terminal and attached leads.
  • Such above-ground test stations have a rigid cylindrical or tubular body, customarily fabricated from strong plastics, such as a glass-filled poly- ⁇ - carbonate. These tubular structures ⁇ are rigid,
  • the above-ground test station is even more vulnerable to vandalism problems, however, than was its ground level counterpart. This is true because the structure is recognizeably distinct as a test station and represents a high profile target for destruction by vandals. In addition to losses from vandalism, damage to the tubular structure and contained terminal is frequently caused by roaming animals and farm equipment. For example, tractors and cross-country vehicles can quickly destroy such terminal stations upon impact.
  • OMP1 resist effects of damaging influences.
  • ETS ETS which has a high, visible profile suitable for easy identification, yet does not draw attention and is capable of surviving the impact or contact with vandals, vehicles, or roving animals.
  • a still further object of this invention is to provide an ETS terminal support which is a unibody structure requiring no assembly, and being capable
  • a still further object of the subject inven ⁇ tion is development of an ETS terminal support wherein the test leads remain permanently exposed for contact and measurement, without the need for entering an encasement or other enclosing device.
  • an electrolysis test station terminal support suitable for use in connection with measurement of voltage differences and/or current flow between underground pipe, ground potential or other electrical para- meters associated with cathodic protection.
  • the ETS terminal support includes a single, " r elongated, unitary structure formed of an impact-resistant, flexible, resilient, electrically-nonconductive plastic material.
  • This structure is formed with sufficient length and rigidity to enable implace- ment of a bottom portion thereof below ground level and a top portion thereof above ground level in a stable, vertical orientation.
  • the terminal support is formed with a thin web section along its length to improve flexibility and with a width greater than approximately five centimeters to provide sufficient surface area for attachment of identi ⁇ fication information at the top thereof.
  • At least one longitudinal rib is integrally formed as part of the single unitary structure and extends from the top portion to the bottom portion thereof.
  • This rib is characterized by a hollow core along its length having a diameter sufficiently large for enclosure of a portion of a conductive wire therein which is to be coupled to electrical testing sites at the pipe surface or other electrical points of interest.
  • the rib wall thickness around the core assists in providing rigidity and impact-resistance to the elongated structure. Openings are provided in the bottom and top portions of the rib to permit insertion of the conductive wire into the core and
  • the rib core and upper opening can be so constructed so as to receive a conductive tube adapted for a tight fit within the upper core.
  • This tube may have a conductive, metallic cap which adapts the tube for
  • OMPI full insertion into the upper rib core, with the cap seated at the top of the terminal support.
  • This cap may serve as a measurement lead for an elec ⁇ trically coupled wire leading to the buried pipe surface or other point of electrical interest.
  • a lateral opening in the rib wall struc ⁇ ture can be provided for additional physical access to the tube and coupled wire.
  • the subject invention provides a flexible, impact-resistant, unitary structure which performs all of the functions of prior art test stations in a cathodic protection system.
  • the structure provides high profile for easy detection, yet gives an appearance of de minimis value to discourage vandalism.
  • the structure is easily adapted for telemetry use, as well as providing multiple test lead points.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an electrolysis test station terminal and support
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the terminal and support of Figure 1, taken along the lines 2-2.
  • Figure 3 shows a segmented plan view of the upper and lower portions of a different embodiment
  • O P ⁇ of the subject invention having a central rib for increased strength and rigidity, and lateral ribs for housing test leads.
  • Figure 4 represents a cross-section of the embodiment of Figure 3 taken along the lines 4-4.
  • Figure 5 shows a segmented, perspective view of a concave-convex configuration of the subject invention representing the upper and lower por ⁇ tions, with a shunt cap illustrated in disconnected manner•
  • An electrolysis test station (ETS) terminal support 10 is shown generally in Figure 1. It is positioned in the ground 11 or other location near a metallic pipe 12 which has been buried. The pipe, in this instance, is shown with a flanged coupling 13 wherein the respective segments of the pipe 12a and 12b are electrically insulated from each other.
  • the ETS terminal support 10 is. a single,
  • elongated, unitary structure formed of an impact-resistant, flexible, resilient, 'electrically non-conductive plastic material.
  • the single, unitary structure is fab- ricated by the pultrusion process, wherein rein ⁇ forcing fibers are conducted through a resin bath and die cavity to harden the resin/fiber composite into a rigid structure.
  • the die cavity opening through which the resin/fiber composite is conducted and solidi- fied is represented by the perimeter configuration of the cross-section 20 shown in Figure 2.
  • the terminal support 10 shown in Figure 1 includes longitudinal fiber or roving 14 which is loaded in the rib sections 17, 18, and 19 of the pultruded body 20.
  • This longitudinal fiber operates to give increased longitudinal rigidity and impact resis- tance to the unitary structure 20 formed in the pultrusion process.
  • a web section 21 Is formed as an integral part of the overall structure by feeding a fabric 15, such as cross-weave or
  • a surface fabric 16 such as remay is utilized to give a finished appearance to the structure.
  • These various components of a composite structure formed by the pultrusion process are commercially available in many equivalent forms and actual fabrication procedures are well-known to those skilled in the art of pultrusion. Therefore, fur ⁇ ther explanation is deemed unnecessary with respect to actual fabrication of a pultruded composite. Fabrication of the subject elongated structure is not limited to fiber reinforced composites, nor to the pultrusion process. Non-reinforced plastic structures may be manufactured using well-known processes such as extrusion or injection molding to obtain the desired unitary, integral structure for
  • thermoplastic resins may like- wise be applied as the material composition for the subject structure, and may be either reinforced or
  • the composition of the subject elongated, unitary structure may be of a . thermoplastic or thermosetting resin, either reinforced or non-reinforced, depending upon desired design characteristics of strength, impact resistance, column rigidity, flexibility, and resilience.
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 can be generally characterized as a glass-reinforced poly ⁇ ester composite. Where less impact resistance is required, polyvinyl chloride compositions may be utilized. Polycarbonate, either reinforced or non-reinforced, may also be utilized to give
  • OMP ⁇ non-conductive materials This insulative character is essential for electrical isolation of contact leads and coupled conductive wire which provide measurements of voltage differences, current flow, etc. Conductive plastic materials would not be suitable in view of shunting effect of such plastics between contacted leads or conductive wire which is encased within the elongated structure.
  • the effec- tive operation of the ETS terminal support is maximized. Specifically, voltage measurements are more accurate, wire leads are protected from electrical contact with other leads in a multiple test station configuration. In addition, further encasement of conductive wires within the elongated, insulative body of the terminal support 10 protects measurements against external elec ⁇ trical influences which may adversely affect the test station.
  • structure (such as is characterized by ⁇ pultruded composite) has reference to any structure whose claimed elements are integrally formed as part of a single body.
  • Such unitary structures are generally formed by a single manufacturing operation such as pultrusion, extrusion, injection molding, or the like. This structure not only enhances cost effec ⁇ tiveness of the terminal support, but simplifies assembly, installation, and related labor costs.
  • an even more unusual and surprising aspect of the unitary structure is the indirect discouragement of vandalism.
  • the unitary structure presents an impression of something having de minimus value, and whereas the appearance does not suggest parts which can be disassembled, removed, or otherwise disposed of, a potential vandal is discouraged from wasting time with this type of item.
  • removal of the elongated, unitary structure when properly installed to a sufficient depth in the soil (at least one foot) , is extremely difficult to extract without special tools.
  • the terminal support 10 is ignored much like a fencepost or other type of pole buried in the ground. The length of the terminal support 10 will
  • the terminal support must be sufficiently high to permit visual identification over the foliage.
  • the length should be sufficient to enable emplacement of a bottom portion of the structure to
  • the structure must have sufficient length and rigidity to provide a stable orientation for a top portion thereof to be positioned in a stable, vertical orientation. It is apparent that the longitudinal rigidity of the top portion will depend upon the material composition and the length of exposed terminal support structure, along with the geo ⁇ metric cross-section and moment of inertia thereof.
  • the elongated struc ⁇ ture 20 includes a web section 21 which extends along its length and at least one longitudinal rib 17, 18, or 19.
  • the width of the terminal support is primarily determined by the width of the web section 21, which may be considered to extend into any laterally disposed rib structure (i.e., 17 and 19).
  • the web section width will be at least five centimeters in order to provide sufficient surface area for attachment of identi- fication means 24 at the top portion thereof.
  • width will vary, depending upon he specific environment in which the terminal support is to be used. Generally, at least five centimeters width will be necessary to ensure sufficient longitudinal rigidity, identification surface, and silhouette visibility for easy perception by maintenance personnel looking for the structure.
  • the various terminal support structures illustrated in the figures have widths of approximately nine to ten centimeters, giving greater stiffness to the up- right structure and increased silhouette for easy perception.
  • the rib structure 17, 18 and 19 of the terminal support shown in Figure 1 extends from the top portion to the bottom portion of the terminal support. Although such rib structure need not extend the full length of the web section 20, fabrication processes such as pultrusion will generally yield common lengths of web and rib structure.
  • Figure 1 include a hollow core 30, 31 and 32 whose inner diameter is sufficiently large to house a conductive wire whose size is compatible for use as a connecting wire to the underground pipe 12.
  • the core is formed within the pultruded rib structure
  • the pultrusion method is supplemented by the use of a core fabrication method wherein an elastic strand of circular cross-section is pulled with the roving 14 through the thermal setting die cavity with the roving and resin suspended around
  • the rubber strand As the composite material is solidified, the rubber strand occupies the volume which is intended to- be the core within the rib structure.
  • the core is readily formed by stripping the rubber strand from its enclosed position within the hardened rib structure.
  • the rubber strand is easily freed from the enclosing composite material because as it is stretched, its cross-section decreases and separates from the interior surface of the ribbed wall 33, 34 and 35.
  • Other methods could be utilized to form the core, such as suspending a steel mandrel In a proper position centrally in each of the rib areas 17, 18 and 19 in the cross-section shown i Figure " 2 representing the die cavity geometry.
  • the roving and resin are then drawn around the mandrel in a conventional manner, leaving . the solidified rib with open core structure.
  • the diameter of the core may vary, depending upon the core function.
  • the core function for example, the
  • central core 31 is shown to house an r' antenna 36 which may be used in connection with telemetry signals to be broadcast from the test station.
  • side ribs 17 and 19 contain heavy-duty wire 37 and 38 which is coupled to the underground pipe 12 for electrical monitoring.
  • the rib core must be larger to provide the necessary space required for the larger conductive wire 37 and 38.
  • the thickness of rib wall 33, 34 and 35 around each core directly affects the impact resistance and rigidity of the rib structure. It is desirable, therefore, that the longitudinal rib have sufficient wall thickness around the core opening to maintain the longitu ⁇ dinal rigidity and impact resistance of the elongated structure 10.
  • the central rib 18 may be formed with a smaller core to provide
  • a primary function of the associated rib and core structure is to conceal the conductive wire or antenna from view and to limit access. Instead, the present structure gives an appearance of a mere post or marker having no apparent material value which might arouse the curiousity of a potential vandal.
  • the only openings within the wall structure of the rib would be to provide physical access to the contained wire 37a and 38a to enable contact for voltage or current measurement. Typically, this would be accomplished by a service man applying an appropriate contact at each exposed surface 37 and 38 to identify the electrical activity of the underground pipe, represented by sections 12a and 12b. Such openings need not be large and would therefore not alert vandals to the nature and value of the ETS terminal.
  • access openings 39 and 40 are required at the base of the terminal support 10 so that wires 37 and 38 coupled to the underground pipe 12 can be received into the terminal support as shown. Likewise, an opening would be required i. for the central antenna wire 36. ' r
  • soldered or welded caps 41 can be coupled to each wire 36, 37 and 38, having a cross-section larger than the core diameter to prevent the wire from further receding into the core structure.
  • These respective heads can also be utilized as terminal contact points or for shunting two or more wires in combination, as is shown in Figure 5.
  • Such contacts may be in place of or in addition to lateral openings which expose wire segments 37a and 38a for electrical measure ⁇ ment.
  • the terminal support functions to provide a protective and concealing structure for electrical contacts which may be associated with numerous types of electrical test stations.
  • the subject structure enables quick access for measurement, without presenting structure which attracts the attention of vandals or which is susceptible to breakage by roving animals or vehicles.
  • Figure 1 illustrates contacts 50 and 51 which electrically couple wires 37 and 38 to underground sections of pipe 12a and 12b. These pipe sections are electrically insulated by a coupling flange 13. Wires 37 and 38 permit direct
  • a telemetry unit 52 may be added to the ETS to provide automatic signals which alert a utility company to an unsafe condition based on the voltage difference between pipe sections 12a and 12b.
  • contact leads 53 and 54 are coupled at pipe contacts 50 and 51, enabling a monitoring device 55 to constantly measure voltage differences.
  • Detec ⁇ tion circuitry 56 is coupled to the monitor 55 for actuating a telemetry circuit 57 when voltage differences exceed a predetermined value.
  • the telemetry circuit 57 emits a signal into the antenna 36 which is housed in the central rib 18 of the terminal support shown. The signals are broadcast through the terminal support, pro ⁇ viding appropriate notice to the utility company.
  • additional wire and detection sites may be added by additional rib/core structure in intermediate posi ⁇ tions between the side ribs 17 and 19. Where added strength is needed, solid core ribs may be used.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an arcuate terminal support 60 with lateral ribs 61 and 62, each having a hollow core 63 and 64.
  • This current structure enables the use of rigid materials such as fiber-reinforced composites which can flex in a sufficiently large bending radius to avoid localized fracture and loss of resilience. It will be apparent that numerous combinations of geometry and material stiffness and resilience can be applied to develop the subject terminal support which gives the appearance of a substantially flat marker of de minimus value.
  • Figure 3 discloses additional structure for protecting enclosed conductive wire . and facili ⁇ tating quick access for electrical measurements.
  • the terminal support 70 has laterally extending ribs 71 and 72, each having a core 73 and 74 in
  • each lateral rib has a. solid core to increase the strength and resilience.
  • Each hollow core extends along the lateral ribs to the top end of the structure. Rib wall structure is removed just below the top end to provide measure ⁇ ment terminals 77 and 78.
  • Terminals are formed at each lateral rib core utilizing an electrically conductive tube 80 having a cross-sectional shape conforming to the cross- sectional shape of the hollow core 73 and having a diameter slightly smaller than the core diameter to provide a close fit of the tube within the core as shown in rib 72.
  • the length of the tube 80 is greater than the distance from the top end of the terminal support 70 to the lowest part of the lateral opening 77. This operates to conceal the base end 81 of the conductive tube 80 within the concealment of the rib core.
  • a cap means 83 is coupled to the top of the conductive tube and has a diameter greater than the core diameter to retain the cap outside the core and the tube in a position at the top end of the rib with a lower portion of the tube surface exposed through the lateral opening 78.
  • This cap can be formed by soldering the free end 85 of the conductive wire 86 with the top end . 87 of the
  • This terminal structure is preferable over merely exposing the conductive wire 86 by providing protection for the soft copper metal which would otherwise be physically accessible through openings 77 and 78.
  • the tube can be made of stronger metal such as tin, steel, or the like.
  • the combined conductive tube 80 and wire 86 provide a single electrical path from the top 73 of the terminal support past the base of the support for attachment to an under ⁇ ground pipe.
  • This terminal support 70 includes a tubular retainer 88 which operates to anchor the terminal support when buried in the ground.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the use of a shunt 90 having a conductive coupling 91 which seats against a pair of terminal heads (not shown) which would project through the core openings 63 and 64.
  • the conductive element 91 can be omitted and the structure of the cap extended or enlarged to conceal the top cross-section 65 of the terminal support.
  • a cap can be structured with a recess Sufficiently deep to cover both the top terminal leads 83 and
  • terminal leads can be
  • CMPI exposed as shown in Figure 5 with nut and bolt mounts 94 and 95. These bolts serve as means for retaining the exposed terminal contact leads 96 and 97 at the web surface 98 of the terminal support 60.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

Support de terminal de station d'essai électrolytique (10) utilisable pour la mesure des propriétés électriques d'un tuyau souterrain (12). Le support de terminal comporte une structure en bande allongée (21) formée d'un matériau plastique non conducteur et comprenant au moins une nervure longitudinale (17, 18, 19) faisant partie intégrante de la structure en bande. Un noyau creux (30, 31, 32), formé à l'intérieur de la nervure longitudinale, sert de boîtier pour un fil conducteur (37, 38) qui doit y être dissimulé. Une ouverture pratiquée dans la nervure longitudinale offre un accès au noyau afin de permettre un contact physique (37a, 38a) pour la mesure des propriétés électriques partant du tuyau souterrain pour aller dans le support de terminal en passant par le fil.
PCT/US1983/000080 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support WO1984003001A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP83900687A EP0131568A1 (fr) 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support
PCT/US1983/000080 WO1984003001A1 (fr) 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support
AU12216/83A AU1221683A (en) 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Electrolysis test station terminal and support

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1983/000080 WO1984003001A1 (fr) 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984003001A1 true WO1984003001A1 (fr) 1984-08-02

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ID=22174811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1983/000080 WO1984003001A1 (fr) 1983-01-17 1983-01-17 Terminal de station d'essai electrolytique et son support

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0131568A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU1221683A (fr)
WO (1) WO1984003001A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0382196A2 (fr) * 1989-02-08 1990-08-16 Oronzio De Nora S.A. Mesure d'un potentiel électrochimique dans des environnements à faible conductivité électrique

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5102881A (en) * 1988-06-27 1992-04-07 Merck Frosst Canada, Inc. Quinoline ether alkanoic acids

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2226928A (en) * 1939-09-12 1940-12-31 Rca Corp Electrical transmission line
US2887721A (en) * 1955-05-10 1959-05-26 Blanchi Serge Method and means for producing reinforced plastic structures
US3015950A (en) * 1960-02-23 1962-01-09 Avco Corp Erosion sensor
GB1390152A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-09 Philips Electronic Associated Manufacturing flat cable
US4219807A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-08-26 Cathodic Protection Services, Inc. Sensor system for an impressed cathodic protection circuit
US4356444A (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-10-26 Saenz Jr Alfredo Test system for cathodic protection circuit of an underground pipeline

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2226928A (en) * 1939-09-12 1940-12-31 Rca Corp Electrical transmission line
US2887721A (en) * 1955-05-10 1959-05-26 Blanchi Serge Method and means for producing reinforced plastic structures
US3015950A (en) * 1960-02-23 1962-01-09 Avco Corp Erosion sensor
GB1390152A (en) * 1972-06-23 1975-04-09 Philips Electronic Associated Manufacturing flat cable
US4219807A (en) * 1978-04-17 1980-08-26 Cathodic Protection Services, Inc. Sensor system for an impressed cathodic protection circuit
US4356444A (en) * 1980-12-15 1982-10-26 Saenz Jr Alfredo Test system for cathodic protection circuit of an underground pipeline

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0382196A2 (fr) * 1989-02-08 1990-08-16 Oronzio De Nora S.A. Mesure d'un potentiel électrochimique dans des environnements à faible conductivité électrique
EP0382196A3 (fr) * 1989-02-08 1990-10-31 Oronzio De Nora S.A. Mesure d'un potentiel électrochimique dans des environnements à faible conductivité électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0131568A1 (fr) 1985-01-23
AU1221683A (en) 1984-08-15

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