Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
  • A23K30/12—Dehydration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
  • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23K—FODDER
  • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
  • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
  • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for increasing the utilization of a pasture crop for feeding domestic animals.
• a forage composition especially for feeding domestic animals, comprising a mixture of dried and/or ensilaged pasture crop as well as possibly feed concentrate.
• the major part of the agriculture area in for example Norway is utilized as meadows, pasture and forage for domestic animals, especially ruminants.
• the growing time for grass in Norway varies from 3 to 5 months.
• the major part of the crop has to be conserved and utilized in the long period of indoor feeding.
• the conservation takes place by drying and ensilage.
• the value of the contents of nutriants in the conserved 'forage is therefore of decisive importance for the production and the profit of the agriculture.
• the forage must cover the animals' requirement for a series of chemical compositions for the building up of the body and the products of the animals. These necessary materials comprise proteins, minerals and vitamines. In addition, the forage must give the energy required for the life function. Provided the material requirement is covered, possibly by using additives in the forage, the food value corresponds to the energy in the forage which can be utilized by the animals.
• the food value of animal forage is measured and given in various units: ffe (fattening forage units), lfe (lactation forage units) and Mj (Mega joule), which all express energy.
• ffe fattening forage units
• lfe lactation forage units
• Mj Mega joule
• the food value of grass measured in ffe/kg dry substance is highest during the pasturing stage and is reduced as the crop grows.
• a favourable ensilage presupposes that the grass is harvested at the right time, preferably when budding com ⁇ mences. For hay-drying on rack the grass is harvested at a later growing stage.
• the net crop of hay is calculated to approx. 300 ffe/da, which corresponds to approx. 0,46 ffe/kg, and for silage 400 ffe/da, corresponding to approx. 0,58 ffe/kg dry substance.
• Milk cows can absorbe 9 to 10 kg dry substance per day of hay and/or ensilage, depending on the digestibility of the forage. In practice the absorption per cow of hay and ensilage is calculated to 4-6 ffe/day, a mean value being presumably below 5 ffe/day. At high lactation the need of forage is approx. 14-16 ffe/day for one cow.
• Root fruits can for example cover 2 ffe/day.
• the main portion of the difference can, however, be covered by feed concentrate which primarily com ⁇ prises cereal products with the addition of especially protein- rich forage materials.
• the share of the feed concentrate of the total forage during a year constitutes at present from 40% to 70%. Due to this share and not at least the price, the feed concentrate consequently constitutes a major expense in the milk pro ⁇ duction. Besides, the dependency of the feed concentrate undermines the value of the preparedness of the agriculture, since feed concentrate is difficult to get hold of in states of crisis.
• the object of the present invention is to give in ⁇ structions for a method for increased utilization of pasture crop for feeding domestic animals, the instructions being
• the method according to the invention which is to the effect of increasing the pasture crop for feeding domestic animals, is characterized in that a part of the pasture crop is conserved as grass feed concentrate and is fed out in addition to the remaining pasture crop for thereby increasing the pasture crop share of the production forage.
• That part of the pasture crop which is preserved as grass feed concentrate can appropriately correspond to the absorption of ensilage or hay for one or more animals.
• a forage composition which is characterized in that the composition also comprises approx. 10-15% or more grass feed concentrate, i.e. young grass which is artificially dried.
• the grass feed concentrate can constitute up to approx. 2/3 of the total composition.
• grass feed concentrate it is to be understood forage of the quality which results from the i artificial drying of young grass, preferably as disclosed in Norwegian patent specification No. 131 402.
• the grass feed concentrate which is preserved by artificial drying of young grass as disclosed in Norwegian patent specification 133 402, includes approx. 0,9 ffe/kg dry substance and renders a substantial greater crop in ffe/da, in spite of the fact that the dry substance content is less than compared with hay and ensilage.
• the crop is increased in ffe/da. In practice the crop may vary very much from field to field and also from year to year. This also applies to grass preserved at other growing stages and by means of other preserving methods. The preserving of grass to hay is strongly dependent on the harvesting con ⁇ ditions.
• ffe grass feed concentrate/da 1,35 ffe ensilage/da
• ffe grass feed concentrate/da 1,8 ffe ha /da.
• the grass feed concentrate differs from usual coarse forage as hay and ensilage.
• Young grass has a high content of protein with a favourable composition of amino acids.
• the artificial " drying take place at low temperatures (the air is heated to maximum 12-15 C) the properties of the proteins and the vitamines are sub ⁇ stantially maintained.
• the grass feed concentrate is rich in leaves, soft green coloured and has a fresh and pleasant odour.
• the grass feed concentrate seems to have a remarkably favourable influence on the vitality and well-being of the animals.
• the contents of fibres are low.
• the forage is apparently very tasty, and the forage absorption is high.
• the grass feed concentrate is absorbed in addition to the voluntary absorption of hay and/or ensilage, and the grass feed concentrate can therefore be a supplement and substitute the feed concentrate as an additional forage to "coarse forage" during high lactation or large growth.
• 1,3 kg grass feed concentrate substitutes 1 kg feed concentrate A as regards energy, and this corresponds to:
• the value of the grass feed concentrate will be larger.
• the quantity of the grass feed concentrate can correspond to the maintenance forage for one or more milk cows.
• OMPI production forage is, the better becomes the utilization of the forage.
• the number of cows can be reduced, for example with 1 to 9 cows, and the grass from the corresponding area can be preserved as grass feed concen ⁇ trate. This is fed to the remaining 9 cows which can absorbe the grass feed concentrate in addition to the usual pasture crop ration.
• the total absorption of pasture crop for the 9 cows increases from 18.250 ffe to 18.889 ffe.
• the maintenance forage for 1 cow can be removed and the production forage or the lactation forage be increased with 2.099 ffe from 3.650 ffe to 5.749 ffe.
• the milk quantity will increase with 2,5 kg/ffe production forage. If the number of cows is reduced with 2 animals, both the grass feed concentrate and the production forage is increased to the double, still with an outspring in the same pasture area. The reduction in the number of cows is limited in that the milk production of the remaining cows is increased until what is a safe maximum for the animals,
• Pasture crop (5 ffe/day) ffe/year 18.250 16. .425 14 .600
• Calves for example 5 to 6 months of age, have a forage demand of approx. 2,8 ffe/day, from which approx. 50% is covered by feed concentrate.
• the forage demand of the ox becomes 5-6,5 ffe/day, from which approx. 40-50% is covered by feed concentrate.
• Calves can start absorbing grass feed concentrate before they are one week old.
• the faculty of chewing the cud is rapidly developed and therewith the function of the belly and the absorption of forage.
• This can be absorbed in addition to the usual absorption of pasture crop, and feed concentrate can be saved.
• the increased additional crop can be utilized for shorter period of forage and/or increased slaughtering weight. In both cases the maintenance forage share of the pasture crop is reduced, whereas the production forage share of the pasture crop is increased.

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Birds (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Physiology (AREA)
• Fodder In General (AREA)
• Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
• Details Of Garments (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Stored Programmes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19886911

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (3)

• 1983
  • 1983-01-14 NO NO830114A patent/NO152277C/no unknown
• 1984
  • 1984-01-13 SE SE8400161A patent/SE8400161L/ not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-01-13 DK DK15684A patent/DK15684A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1984-01-16 EP EP84900541A patent/EP0131613A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1984-01-16 WO PCT/NO1984/000003 patent/WO1984002635A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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