WO1984000112A1 - Dispositif de separation a partir d'un liquide biologique, notamment du sang, une fraction possedant un poids moleculaire compris entre une valeur limite superieure et une valeur limite inferieure - Google Patents

Dispositif de separation a partir d'un liquide biologique, notamment du sang, une fraction possedant un poids moleculaire compris entre une valeur limite superieure et une valeur limite inferieure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1984000112A1
WO1984000112A1 PCT/NO1983/000025 NO8300025W WO8400112A1 WO 1984000112 A1 WO1984000112 A1 WO 1984000112A1 NO 8300025 W NO8300025 W NO 8300025W WO 8400112 A1 WO8400112 A1 WO 8400112A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
filter
container
flow
circulation circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO1983/000025
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Leif Smeby
Stoerker Joerstad
Original Assignee
Nor Tron As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nor Tron As filed Critical Nor Tron As
Publication of WO1984000112A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984000112A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
    • A61M1/3472—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
    • A61M1/3472—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate
    • A61M1/3482—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration with treatment of the filtrate by filtrating the filtrate using another cross-flow filter, e.g. a membrane filter

Definitions

  • Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value Apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value.
  • the present invention is related to an apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value.
  • Such apparatus is included as an essential part of the outfit described in Norwegian Patent Specification No. 144.411 and is particularly useful for cleansing the. ⁇ blood of patients having kidney deficiency.
  • This outfit comprises essentially an apparatus for grading of biological liquid, in particular blood, according to molecular weight, the apparatus being provided with at least two filter units, each comprising a molecule filter adapted to filter out molecules of molecular weight essentially below a predeter ⁇ mined limiting value, as well as an inlet conduit for cir ⁇ culating liquid along one side of the filter and an outlet .
  • conduit for conducting liquid filtrate essentially con ⁇ sisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the other side of the filter a selected unit among said filter units being adapted for connection with a source of said biological .liquid to be graded, e.g. the blood circuit of a patient, in closed circuit with the inlet con ⁇ duit of said selected unit.
  • Said filter units starting with said selected unit, are sequ ⁇ entially interconnected to form a filter unit array in such a way that the outlet conduit of each unit, apart from the last unit in the array, communicates with a liquid container in ⁇ cluded in closed circuit in the inlet conduit of the subsequ ⁇ ent filter unit, the outlet conduit of the last unit of the array being adapted for connection with said source of the biological liquid to be graded, the predetermined limiting value of the various molecule filters essentially decreasing along the array from the first to the last filter unit of the array.
  • the outlet conduit of the last filter unit being connected through a dialyser to the inlet circuit of the first filter unit.
  • the liquid in this conduit will then be fed back to the source of the biological liquid together with the circulating liquid in the inlet circuit of the first filter unit.
  • each such pair of filter units constitutes an apparatus for separating from a biological liquid, in particular blood, a fraction having molecular weight between an upper and a lower limiting value
  • the apparatus comprising a first molecule filter operatively adapted for filtering out mole ⁇ cules of molecular weight essentially below the upper limiting value, and provided with an inlet conduit for circulating liquid along the input side of the filter; an outlet conduit with a flow driving pump being disposed for conducting liquid filtrate of molecular weight essentially below said upper limiting value away from the output side of the filter and into a liquid container, which together with a circul ⁇ ation pump is included in a closed circulation circuit disposed to conduct liquid from the container along the input side of a second molecule filter operatively adapted for filtering out molecules of molecular weight essentially
  • an outlet conduit with a second flow driving pump being disposed for conducting liquid filtrate essentially consisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the output side of the filter, by which the liquid fraction having molecular weight between said upper and lower limi ⁇ ting values being progressively concentrated in the liquid container.
  • the control system comprising means for sensing the liquid volume in the container, comparing the sensed value with and determining its deviation from the predetermined stored time function V(t), sensing the pumped liquid flows in all the inlet and outlet conduits of the circulation circuit except one, and adjusting the pumped liquid flow in the remaining inlet or outlet conduit in accordance with the total sensed flow value and in such a way that the time derivate dV/dt of the liquid volume assumes such value according to the control equation that said deviation is cancelled.
  • control process according to the present invention is, however, of a different and more comprehensivenature, as it is performed with a liquid container in a closed circulation circuit as main component.
  • a corresponding container is not included in the filter system described and illustrated in the above European patent application.
  • This container is a very important part of the present apparatus when used for plasmapheresis treatment.
  • substances which are more or less blocked by the second molecule filter are gaining increased concentration.
  • a certain substance (A) of this kind may then be concentra ⁇ ted in the container to such extent that it would pass said filter in such amount that the concentration of this sub ⁇ stance (A) on the output side of the filter would be the same as in blood.
  • (B) would achieve a higher concentration than:-- (A) in the container, as a greater portion of (A) than of (B) would pass the filter.
  • the increased concentration would not be so strong that (B) would pass the filter nearly to the same extent as (A) .
  • a good molecule filter has a sieving-coefficient of approximately 0.5 for albumin (A) and approximately 0.1 for IgG (B) .
  • One method for controlling the concentrations in the con ⁇ tainer is to regulate the liquid volume contained as a function of time.
  • an empiric time function for the liquid volume which optimizes this effect according to the invention, is then programmed into the memory of the control system.
  • the container also gives option for suitable feed-back of liquid extracted in a possible third filter disposed in the outlet conduit from the second molecule filter, in order to thereby also controlling e.g. the protein concentration in the liquid returned to the patient to a prefixed favourable value, under the superior control process according to the equation indicated above.
  • FIG. 1 shows flow circuits and components in an apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 2a illustrates in principle the basic or superior control process according to the invention
  • Figure 2b shows a block diagram of the complete control system according to the invention with both superior and subordinate - controlling processes.
  • Such apparatus comprises at least two molecule filters Fl, F2 operatively adapted to filter out molecules having molecular weight essentially below a predetermined limiting value, and each provided with an inlet conduit II, 12 for passing liquid along one side of the molecular filter, as well, as an outlet conduit for conducting liquid filtrate essentially consisting of molecules of molecular weight below said limiting value away from the other side of the filter.
  • one of the filters Fl with its inlet conduit II is connected in closed circulation circuit with the blood circulation system M of a patient.
  • An outlet conduit Ul from this filter opens into a liquid container B, which is included in a closed circulation circuit 12 on the input side of the second filter.
  • the outlet conduit U2 from the second filter F2 is in turn fed back, possibly through a third filter F3, to a mixing chamber L in the inlet conduit II on the down ⁇ stream side of the molecule filter Fl in connection with the blood circulation system M of the patient.
  • a peristaltic pump PI is disposed in the inlet conduit II to the filter Fl, and a further peristaltic pump PS is included in said circulation circuit on the input side of the filter F2.
  • Further pumps PI and P2 are disposed in the respective outlet conduits Ul, U2 of the two filters.
  • the circulation circuit through the container B is also provided with a throttle valve R.
  • the molecular filter Fl may e.g. have a limiting value corre ⁇ sponding to a molecule weight of 50.000 daltons, and all sub ⁇ stances having lower molecular weight than this limiting value in the blood passed in closed circulation through the inlet conduit II along one side of the molecular filter Fl by means of the pump PI, will then gradually be extracted from the blood and discharged through the outlet conduit Ul to the liquid container B, driven by the peristaltic pump PI.
  • Liquid from the container B is by means of the peristaltic pump PS circulated in closed circuit past one side of the molecule filter F2 and through the open valve R back to the container.
  • This molecule filter may have e.g. a limiting value of 10.000 daltons, and with repeated circulation of liquid from the con ⁇ tainer in closed circuit along the input side of the filter, substances with molecular weight below this value are gradually removed from the liquid, whereas substances with molecular weight between 50.000 and 10.000 are concentrated in the con ⁇ tainer B.
  • liquid filtrate consisting of molecules of molecular weight essentially below the limiting value of 10.000 daltons is extracted, and this filtrate is pumped by means of the peristaltic pump P2 through the outlet conduit U2 and possibly through the filter F3, back to the inlet circuit II of the first filter and the mixing chamber L, after heating by means of heater elements HE.
  • the liquid flow of this circuit may be so ad ⁇ justed that optimum liquid pressure across the filter is achieved and suitable concentration of uremia toxins of high molecular weight is obtained in the liquid container B, which thus has an- operative function corresponding to an urine bladder.
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 may be used for uremia treatment as well as for plasmapheresis treatment of blood. In both cases an automatic control of the liquid volume V in the con ⁇ tainer B according to the invention is an essential part of the treatment.
  • Fig. 2 it is schematically shown how this control is per ⁇ formed.
  • the desires liquid volume is adjusted in accordance with a predetermined time function V(t) , which is stored in advance in the memory H of the control system. This function is selected on the basis of well tested experience and suit ⁇ ably adapted to the patient in question.
  • the liquid volume V in the container B is gauged, e.g. by means of an electronic scale E, and the sensed value expressed in volume is compared in the control system with the momentary value of the stored time function by means of a comparator K.
  • Qb is the total liquid flow out of the circulation circuit.
  • control system may then be arranged and operatively adapted for sensing the speed of the flow driving pumpe P2 in the outlet conduit U2 of the second filter F2 as a calibrated indication of the liquid flow Q2 in this conduit, and for adjusting the speed of the first flow driving pump Pl in the outlet conduit Ul of the first filter Fl, bearing calibrated relation to the liquid flow in this outlet conduit, in such accordance with the sensed pump speed that a possible sensed deviation from the stored time function in the memory H is cancelled at any time.
  • the pump PS in the circulation circuit is suitably operated with a surplus of pumping power, a throttle valve R in the closed circulation circuit main ⁇ taining the input side of the second molecule filter F2 approximately at maximum allowable superpressure, whereas the output side of the filter assumes approximate atmos ⁇ pheric pressure.
  • the control system is arranged and adapted for monitoring the pressure across the molecule filters Fl, F2 and for adjusting the filter pressure to a lower value, in case a prefixed maximum pressure is exceeded, the control process according to the control equation (1) or (2) being, however, maintained at all times as superior control.
  • the filter F3 shown in Fig. 1 is preferably used as dialyser, the pressure across this filter being balanced approximately to zero.
  • the dialyser then operates essentially independently of the volume and flow control indicated above, as described in the Norwegi ⁇ an Patent Specification No. 144.411 mentioned above.
  • a filter F3 may be used for extracting liquid, but not protein, from the outlet conduit U2 prior to the feeding of the filtrate in this conduit back to the inlet circuit II of the first filter and the blood flow system of the patient.
  • the protein concentration is icnreased in the filtrate which is fed back to the blood
  • the liquid ex ⁇ tracted inthe filter F3 preferably is returned to the con ⁇ tainer B and the circulation circuit by means of a flow conduit U3 having a flow driving pump P3 and a liquid flow Q3.
  • the pumps PS, Pl and P2 may advantageously be set in such a way that the filters ' Fl and 'F2 are optimized, the pump F3 being so adjusted in accordance with the set and subsequently senses pump values that dV/dt assumes such value that a possible deviation of the gauged liquid volume V in the container B from the pre ⁇ fixed stored time function V(t) is cancelled.
  • the filter F3 may be utili ⁇ zed as a controller of the protein concentration in the filtrate fed back to the blood of the patient, the control system sensing by means of a protein detector PD the protein content of the filtrate in the outlet conduit U2 on the downstream side of the filter F3.
  • control system then adjusts the flow Q3 of extracted liquid from the output side of the filter F3 in such a way that the protein concentration in the fed back filtrate is main ⁇ tained at a prefixed value.
  • the liquid flows Ql and Q2 may be sensed and adjusted as previously indicated.
  • the protein concentration in the fed back filtrate may, however, also be maintained by adjustment of a flow Q4 of protein solu ⁇ tion driven by a pump P4 through a branch conduit U4 from a container B2 for such solution.
  • This branch conduit opens into the outlet conduit U2 on the downstream side of the protein detector PD and possibly the input portion of a filter F3, which, however, is not required for controlling the protein content in the outlet filtrate in this case.
  • the protein concentration is regulated by operating the pump P4 in the branch conduit in accordance with the protein value sensed by the protein detector PD, in such a way that the prefixed concentration value is maintained.
  • the protein so ⁇ lution container B2 is made a part of the container B and is weighed together with this, the remaining part Bl of the container being included in the closed circulation circuit.
  • VI is the liquid volume in the container part Bl which is included in the closed circulation
  • V2 is the liquid volume in the container part B2 which con ⁇ tains protein solution
  • O PI W ⁇ PO connections being indicated by full lines and certain liquid flow connections by broken lines. It should be understood, however, that usually not all the indicated alternatives are operative at the same time.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif permettant de séparer à partir d'un liquide biologique, notamment du sang, une fraction possédant un poids moléculaire compris entre une valeur limite supérieure et une valeur limite inférieure, comprend un récipient de liquide (B1) pour la fraction séparée, compris dans un circuit fermé de circulation (I2) entre un premier et un deuxième filtres de molécules (F1, F2) qui sont chacun pourvus d'une pompe d'entraînement d'écoulement (P1, P2). Un système de commande permet de commander le volume V du liquide dans le récipient selon l'équation dV/dt = Qa + Qb, dans laquelle V est le volume de liquide régulé, dont la valeur désirée est stockée comme fonction de temps prédéterminée V (t) dans la mémoire (H) du système de commande, et Qa et Qb sont les écoulements totaux de liquide en direction et en provenance du circuit fermé de circulation, respectivement. Le sang provenant d'un patient sous traitement est envoyé au premier filtre de molécules (F1) et le filtrat liquide déchargé du côté sortie du deuxième filtre de molécules (F2) est renvoyé au système circulatoire sanguin (M) du patient. La fonction de temps prédéterminée V (t) est définie de telle sorte que le volume du liquide séparé est ajusté automatiquement par rapport à l'expérience antérieure et adapté aux particularités du patient sous traitement. Un troisième filtre (F3) peut être disposé dans la conduite de retour vers le patient afin d'extraire du liquide du filtrat de retour de manière à accroître la concentration protéique dans le filtrat, le liquide extrait étant renvoyé vers le récipient (B1) dans le circuit fermé de circulation. En combinaison avec un détecteur de protéine (PD) le filtre (F3) peut alors servir de contrôleur de la teneur en protéines du filtrat de retour.
PCT/NO1983/000025 1982-06-23 1983-06-23 Dispositif de separation a partir d'un liquide biologique, notamment du sang, une fraction possedant un poids moleculaire compris entre une valeur limite superieure et une valeur limite inferieure WO1984000112A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO822105A NO152484C (no) 1982-06-23 1982-06-23 Anordning for aa skille ut fra en biologisk vaeske, saerlig blod, en fraksjon med molekylvekt mellom en oevre og en nedre grenseverdi

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984000112A1 true WO1984000112A1 (fr) 1984-01-19

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PCT/NO1983/000025 WO1984000112A1 (fr) 1982-06-23 1983-06-23 Dispositif de separation a partir d'un liquide biologique, notamment du sang, une fraction possedant un poids moleculaire compris entre une valeur limite superieure et une valeur limite inferieure

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0112863A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO152484C (fr)
WO (1) WO1984000112A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0232884A2 (fr) 1986-02-10 1987-08-19 Millipore Corporation Appareil d'ultrafiltration
EP0580299A1 (fr) * 1992-07-10 1994-01-26 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Méthode et dispositif pour produire des produits de constituants du sang
US5496265A (en) * 1992-03-04 1996-03-05 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood component collection system with optimizer
US5658240A (en) * 1992-03-04 1997-08-19 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood component collection system with optimizer
WO2008051994A2 (fr) * 2006-10-23 2008-05-02 Arbios Systems, Inc. Hémofiltration en cascade conservant un fluide
US7430478B2 (en) 2000-03-01 2008-09-30 Caridian Bct, Inc. Blood processing information system with blood loss equivalency tracking
ITMI20131250A1 (it) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-25 Warsaw Medical University Blood purification systems and devices with internally generated replacement fluid
US9733805B2 (en) 2012-06-26 2017-08-15 Terumo Bct, Inc. Generating procedures for entering data prior to separating a liquid into components
WO2024105616A1 (fr) * 2022-11-18 2024-05-23 Ipswich Medical Research Limited Appareil de dialyse qui ultrafiltre le sang et procédé associé

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE357073B (fr) * 1970-04-20 1973-06-12 Viak Ab
CH602120A5 (fr) * 1975-11-21 1978-07-31 Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh
DE2703188A1 (de) * 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Heiner Oelrichs Regelungs- und ueberwachungseinheit fuer eine kuenstliche niere nach der haemofiltrationsmethode

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE357073B (fr) * 1970-04-20 1973-06-12 Viak Ab
CH602120A5 (fr) * 1975-11-21 1978-07-31 Sartorius Membranfilter Gmbh
DE2703188A1 (de) * 1977-01-27 1978-08-03 Heiner Oelrichs Regelungs- und ueberwachungseinheit fuer eine kuenstliche niere nach der haemofiltrationsmethode

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0232884A3 (en) * 1986-02-10 1987-10-07 Millipore Corporation Diafiltration apparatus and method
US4728430A (en) * 1986-02-10 1988-03-01 Millipore Corporation Diafiltration method
EP0232884A2 (fr) 1986-02-10 1987-08-19 Millipore Corporation Appareil d'ultrafiltration
US5658240A (en) * 1992-03-04 1997-08-19 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood component collection system with optimizer
US5496265A (en) * 1992-03-04 1996-03-05 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood component collection system with optimizer
US5712798A (en) * 1992-03-04 1998-01-27 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Blood component collection system with optimizer
US6652476B2 (en) 1992-07-10 2003-11-25 Gambro, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing blood component products
US5605842A (en) * 1992-07-10 1997-02-25 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Method for producing blood component products
US6319471B1 (en) * 1992-07-10 2001-11-20 Gambro, Inc. Apparatus for producing blood component products
EP0580299A1 (fr) * 1992-07-10 1994-01-26 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Méthode et dispositif pour produire des produits de constituants du sang
US6869411B2 (en) 1992-07-10 2005-03-22 Gambro, Inc. Apparatus for producing blood component products
US7270645B2 (en) 1992-07-10 2007-09-18 Gambro Bct, Inc Apparatus for producing blood component products
US5611997A (en) * 1992-07-10 1997-03-18 Cobe Laboratories, Inc. Apparatus for producing blood component products
US7430478B2 (en) 2000-03-01 2008-09-30 Caridian Bct, Inc. Blood processing information system with blood loss equivalency tracking
WO2008051994A2 (fr) * 2006-10-23 2008-05-02 Arbios Systems, Inc. Hémofiltration en cascade conservant un fluide
WO2008051994A3 (fr) * 2006-10-23 2008-07-10 Arbios Systems Inc Hémofiltration en cascade conservant un fluide
JP2010507464A (ja) * 2006-10-23 2010-03-11 アルビオス システムズ インコーポレーティッド 液体節約型カスケード血液濾過法
US9733805B2 (en) 2012-06-26 2017-08-15 Terumo Bct, Inc. Generating procedures for entering data prior to separating a liquid into components
ITMI20131250A1 (it) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-25 Warsaw Medical University Blood purification systems and devices with internally generated replacement fluid
WO2015011290A1 (fr) * 2013-07-25 2015-01-29 Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny Systèmes et dispositifs de purification du sang comprenant un fluide de remplacement produit en interne
WO2024105616A1 (fr) * 2022-11-18 2024-05-23 Ipswich Medical Research Limited Appareil de dialyse qui ultrafiltre le sang et procédé associé

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO152484C (no) 1985-10-09
NO822105L (no) 1983-12-27
NO152484B (no) 1985-07-01
EP0112863A1 (fr) 1984-07-11

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