WO1983003639A1

WO1983003639A1 - Method and device for the transformation of thermal energy into hydrostatic energy

Info

Publication number: WO1983003639A1
Application number: PCT/CH1983/000044
Authority: WO
Inventors: Georg Hirmann
Original assignee: Georg Hirmann
Priority date: 1982-04-15
Filing date: 1983-04-14
Publication date: 1983-10-27
Also published as: EP0106852A1

Abstract

The valves (65 to 67) of a container (52) holding a cold working fluid (t1) are closed. The liquid (52) held in the oscillator container (51) is heated by the circulating medium (t0). It is subjected to an expansion and pushes the plunger (53) against a spring (56). The cylindrical chamber (55) is filled from the tank (58) through a valve (88). The stop causes a sudden opening of the valves (65 to 67). The piston (54) makes cold working liquid enter the chamber (52) through the valve (59). Simultaneously a displacement of the different liquid volumes of the containers (62, 60, 53, 61, 64) occurs. The containers (60 to 64) exchange their content. The hot liquids held in the containers (60, 61) are cooled after being transfered to the containers (62 to 64). The decrease of their volume is compensated by a liquid suction into the container (58). The differential piston (53, 54) reaches its most internal position. The valves (65 to 67) are closed by the stop (81). This plant allows to transform residual thermal energy into hydrostatic energy and to store the latter without using external energy.

Description

Method and device for converting thermal energy into hydrostatic energy

The present invention relates to a method and a device for converting thermal energy into hydrostatic energy.

Presentation of the invention

The invention aims to provide a way to convert thermal waste energy into hydrostatic energy and to store the latter without using external energy.

10

This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, which is characterized in that in a heat exchanger system, the secondary side of which is filled with a liquid or a gas, the primary side is pushed with a medium, for example alternately, colder or warmer acted upon in order to alternately increase and decrease the volume of the medium on the secondary side and to store the expansion energy as position energy. ^• 20

Brief description of the drawings

The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using a drawing.

25 It shows:

1 shows a surface with thermohydraulic oscillator elements of coaxial design in section,

- Fig. 2. a purely schematic representation of a thermohydraulic converter system for oscillating mode of operation, actuated by controlled external energy sources,

3 shows a purely schematic representation of a further thermohydraulic converter system for an oscillating mode of operation, but oscillating without a controlled external heat transfer medium,

4 shows an energy converter platform for a plant according to FIG. 3, for the earth's surface,

5 shows an energy converter platform for a system according to FIG. 3, with a heat accumulator,

6 shows a floating energy converter platform for a system according to FIG. 3,

7 an energy converter surface with alternately arranged surface elements,

FIG. 8 shows an energy converter platform for a system according to FIG. 3 for a roof and a facade with a ventilated cooling side.

Description of the individual figures ^"

1 shows a heat-treated or cooled surface 1, pipes 2 connected to it, and pipes 3 mounted coaxially therein. The intermediate space 4 is filled with a liquid 6, the working medium, with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, which during Flooding through the inner tubes 3, through a liquid 5 with different temperature levels, changes their volume

The intermittent flooding with the liquid 5 as a second medium makes it possible to repeat a volumetric oscillation of the working medium 6 as desired and to use its pulsating movement directly or indirectly for mechanical work in hydrostatic or converted form. It is basically the same whether the base temperature of the device, with which surface 1 is applied here, forms the lower or upper temperature of the thermal oscillation range. The size of the temperature difference is decisive. Insofar as the medium 6 has boiling conditions (boiling / condensing) during the oscillating influence of the second medium 5 (t = const.) (P = const.), The device can be used for direct heat transport. The use of materials of two types of thermal expansion enables the work space 4 to be reduced in size in the heating phase, as a result of which the liquid output can be additionally increased.

Surface 1 can be the absorber surface of a solar collector, the facade of a house, the hot or cold side of a technical device for heating or cooling processes - like a cooker - the plank of a ship, the outer surface of an airplane, engine block, cooler part or exhaust part Motor vehicle, or the like. It is also possible to coaxially arrange the tubes 2 and 3 from the outside with a liquid or gaseous heat to surround or flood the wearer directly. A similar mode of operation is also possible if the medium 5 in the inner tube 3 is kept at a basic temperature and the surface 1 or the surrounding outer medium causes the temperature changes.

FIG. 2 shows a device constructed according to FIG. 1 in supplementary form. The pressure-resistant container parts 20, 21, 22, 23 belonging to the displacement system are generally surrounded on the outside by a medium of constant temperature (t = const). A liquid of a different temperature (t ₁ ≠ t), controlled by thermal feedback via a sensor 26, a control line 27 and a valve 28, is supplied intermittently via a line 25. The control process is as follows: A burst of cold liquid is fed through line 25 from a reservoir (not shown). The contents of the container parts 20-23 are cooled, their volume is reduced and a vacuum is created in these parts or in the valve group 33 with respect to the container 37. As a result, the check valve 34 is opened and cold liquid flows out of the container. 37 after. The separating membrane 31 is pressed against the parts 20-23 again. Now there is a surge of hot liquid through the line 25. The liquid in the container parts 20-23 expands, the membrane 31 is pushed against the valve group 33 and the corresponding volume obtained is pressed as a liquid flow to a higher potential level. Instead of a hot or cold shock, the ambient temperature of the parts 20-23 can also serve as one of the temperature levels (t = to = const.).

The volumetric oscillation of a working medium 29, which takes place in the same rhythm, is transmitted indirectly via a medium converter 30 with a separating membrane 31 and a valve group 33 with suction valve 34 and pressure valve 35 to a second working medium, which causes a pulsating liquid movement in the form of a rectified one and additively generated liquid flow 36 from container 37 to consumer group 38.

As a variant of the medium converter, a pressure intensifier 39 with a stepped piston 40 is shown in a separate representation in FIG. 2, whereby an adaptation of the working pressure to the respective consumer 38 is made possible.

The possible energy conversion of such systems, in addition to design details and physical properties of the working medium 29, is different from the existing ones

Temperature differences (t 1-to) or (to-t „1) depending on the thermal / volumetric oscillation. An additional control valve 41 controlled by sensors 42 and 43 can be used to prevent unnecessary flooding of the line * 25 when the temperature difference Δ <(t.-t) is insufficient.

Fig. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device for energy tapping from heat carriers, constant, different temperature. The oscillator Part 50 consists of an oscillator tank 51, filled with a working fluid 52 with a high coefficient of thermal expansion. A plunger 53 protrudes into this container 51, which is connected at its other end to a larger piston 54 in the cylinder chamber 55. The two pistons 53 and 54 are loaded by a spring 56. The cylinder chamber 55 is also connected via a suction pipe 57 to a suction valve 88, which enables the cylinder chamber 55 to be filled from the reservoir 58. A check valve 59 further connects the cylinder space 55 to the working volume of the working liquid 52. The device also consists of a number of further containers 60 and 61, for which the temperature is the same as that of the container 51. The containers 62, 63 , 64, on the other hand, are connected to the reservoir 58, the content of which has a different temperature, so that there is a temperature difference. Shut-off valves 65, 66, 67 with common actuation 68, which can be displaced between adjustable stops 80, 81 of the piston rod 82, can open or close the lines 69, 70, 71 simultaneously. The lines 72 and 73 are each provided with a check valve 74, 75. Furthermore, containers 62 and 63 are each connected to the reservoir 58 via a suction valve 77, 78, and the containers 60 and 61 are connected to a pressure collecting line 85 by check valves 83, 84.

The device generates a thermal / volumetric oscillation between the heat flow 86 and the cooling area 87 by pushing the working medium forward in batches, but alternatingly in series Individual containers 60-64 loaded with liquid of different temperatures t or t, the colder containers 62-64 (t ..) compensating for the reduction in volume by suction and the warmer (t) containers 61, 62 promoting their increase in volume in the pressure collecting line 85.

The work flow: In the case of the container space 52 filled with cold working medium (t), the plunger 53 protrudes furthest into the space 52. The valves 65, 66, 67 are closed. The working liquid 52 in the oscillator tank 51 is heated by the environment (t). It expands and moves the plunger 53 against the force of the spring 56. The cylinder space 55 in front of the large piston 54 is moved over the

Valve 88 refilled from the reservoir 58. The stop 80 set according to the temperature difference (t -t ..) causes the latter to shift the actuation 68 for the purpose of joint valve actuation and to open the valves 65, 66, 67 abruptly. Then, since the space 55 is now open for filling, the piston 54 pushes cold working fluid via the valve 59. into the space 52. At the same time, the liquid volumes of the containers 62, 60, 63, 61, 64 are shifted. Here, the previously warmed up working fluid is conveyed from the oscillator container 51 into the cooler space of the container 62. Analogously, all containers 60-64 change their contents. In this way, the containers 60, 61 are provided with fresh and cold filling after the displacement of the working liquid into the line 85. Cool the previously warm fillings of the containers 60 and 61 after moving them in containers 62, 63, 64. They compensate for their volume reduction by sucking in liquid from the cold reservoir 58. During the filling shift, the differential piston 53/54 reaches its innermost position, the valves 65, 66, 67 being closed again as a result of the stop 81. 3 is a schematic illustration. In practice, care must be taken to ensure that the flow through the individual containers is as optimal as possible. The constructive details of the system determine how many such containers 60-64 can be connected in series by an oscillator part 50 in this way. The translation of the pistons 53, 54 is determined by the thermal expansion coefficient of the selected working fluid and the minimum temperature difference of the oscillation.

Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 show some designs of energy converters for different types of applications.

FIG. 4 shows a thermohydraulic energy converter platform 90 for oscillating operation according to a system according to FIG. 3, between the temperature of a surface 91 and the temperature of the covered ground 92. Ribs 93 serve for better heat transfer. The surface 91 can also be designed in the manner of a solar collector and e.g. covered with earth or sand.

FIG. 5 shows an energy converter platform 100 with a heat-storing top layer 101 in order to enable oscillation that is independent of the day.

f 6 shows an energy converter platform 110 floating in the water. The difference between the surface temperature 111 and the water temperature 112 is used for the oscillation.

7 shows an energy converter platform 120 with alternatingly arranged absorbing 121 and reflecting 122 surface elements. 3, containers for displacement and cooling are correspondingly connected in the sense of FIG. 3 (not shown). This type of construction brings particular advantages in utilizing strong heat radiation, in particular in geographic areas with warm climatic conditions, but also in spacecraft for energy supply of control devices.

8 shows energy converter platforms 130, 131 for roofs and facades, where ventilation 132 of the cold side is possible and expedient. This type can also be combined with the surface module type of FIG. 7.

Claims

- 1 0 -

Claims:

Process for converting thermal energy into hydrostatic energy, characterized in that in a heat exchanger system, the secondary side of which is filled with a liquid or a gas, the primary side (25) is added in batches with, e.g. alternately, colder or warmer medium is applied in order to alternately increase and decrease the volume of the medium on the secondary side (20-23) and to store the expansion energy as position energy. . .. (Fig. 2)

Process for converting thermal energy into hydrostatic energy, characterized in that in a heat exchanger which has a first zone approximately constant, lower (t) and a second zone separated therefrom approximately constant, higher temperature (t), and a third Zone (52, 60-64), which runs alternately with approximately the same volume from the first zone to the second zone, shifts the medium in the third zone so that the contents of the third zone are located in the first zone Contents (62-64) reach the second zone (60, 61) and vice versa, the parts (62-64) of the third zone located in the first, colder zone each having a check valve (77, 78) with a make-up source (58) are connected. (Fig. 3)

3. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized by a heat exchanger system and a control device (26-28) to feed the primary side (25) of the system alternately in batches with a colder and warmer medium, and characterized by

Control units (34, 35) to store the additional energy of the liquid volume resulting from the heating of the liquid on the secondary side (20-23) (36, 38). (Fig. 2)

4. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 2, characterized by a number of successively arranged containers (60-64) of approximately the same content, which alternately lie in two gas-tightly separated rooms (60, 61 and 62-64), and Closures (65-67) in order to connect or separate the containers (60-64) in a controlled manner (80-82), and characterized by a pushing device (50) in order to approximate the total content of the containers to move the contents of a container. (Fig. 3)

5. Device according to claim 3, characterized by coaxial tubes for separating individual areas of volume. (Figs. 1 and 2) Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the working medium for the thermohydraulic displacement work is held between two coaxially arranged pipes, of which the outer pipe is thermally connected to a temperature range, basically constant temperature level, and the inner pipe is changed with a medium the: temperature level is flooded. (Figs. 1 and 2)

Device according to claim 5, characterized by coaxially arranged pipes made of materials with a different coefficient of thermal expansion in order to change the volume. (Fig. 1 + 2)

Device according to claim 1, characterized by a thermally self-controlled oscillator part (50) for the rhythmic conveyance of a

Working fluid. (Fig. 3)

Device according to claim 4, characterized by simultaneously controllable (80, 81) control members (65,

66, 67) between the containers (60 - 64). (Fig. 3)

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the oscillator part comprises, for example, a spring-loaded (56) step piston (53, 54), wherein the The cylinder space (55) of the one piston (54) is connected to the one area (58) in an interruptible manner via a control element which is preferably designed as a check valve (88).

11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the two cylinder spaces (52, 55) are connected to one another via a check valve (59), the one cylinder space (52) being connected upstream of the containers (60-64).

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