WO1983003264A1 - Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection - Google Patents

Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983003264A1
WO1983003264A1 PCT/SE1983/000081 SE8300081W WO8303264A1 WO 1983003264 A1 WO1983003264 A1 WO 1983003264A1 SE 8300081 W SE8300081 W SE 8300081W WO 8303264 A1 WO8303264 A1 WO 8303264A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
anode
coating
plating
metal
magnetite
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1983/000081
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Bjoern Haokan Linder
Original Assignee
LINDER, Björn, Hakan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LINDER, Björn, Hakan filed Critical LINDER, Björn, Hakan
Priority to GB08328593A priority Critical patent/GB2125827B/en
Priority to JP58501014A priority patent/JPS59500377A/en
Publication of WO1983003264A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983003264A1/en
Priority to DK510083A priority patent/DK164122C/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/16—Electrodes characterised by the combination of the structure and the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/20—Conducting electric current to electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
    • C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved oxide anode to be used in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, such as the cathodic protection of tanks and pipelines in soil, fresh water or sea water, and also in connection with the protection of sheet steel pilings in harbours.
  • Other examples of the fields of use of the present anode are floating docks, high voltage direct current transmissions and large water towers for drinking water.
  • the anode according to the invention can be used .in most instances where traditional anodes can be used.
  • the low price and the low consumption, i.e. loss of anode material, at all current densities as well as the further advantages described in the following render the anode of the present invention an effective and attractive alternative to other anodes.
  • Magnetite anodes for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection are known in the art and have proved superior to traditional silicon-iron and graphite anodes which require frequent replacement.
  • a magnetite anode the entire inside surface of which is plated with a thin copper layer, and in which just below the anode top a copper plate is fixed to the inside copper layer with a cable connection attachment soldered thereon, has been described and used in practice for cathodic protection of a number of structures susceptible to corrosion.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a magnetite anode of the above type having a coating or plating consisting of lead metal or a lead metal alloy, such anode being particularly effective in operation in impressed current cathodic protection.
  • the invention relates to a metal oxide anode or anode construction for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a metal oxide anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, the said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to the said coated or plated surface, thus providing contact between the termination member and the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area or portion of the said coating or plating.
  • the metal oxide is magnetite, although other metal oxides can also be used, such as a NiO + FeO/Fe 2 O 3 -anode instead of a magnetite anode which is a FeO/Fe 2 O 3 -anode.
  • the invention relates to a magnetite anode for the use stated above, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, tin, aluminum, copper alloys, lead alloys, tin alloys, and aluminum alloys, said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to said coating or plating, thus providing contact with the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area of said coating or plating.
  • the metal or metal alloy used as the coating or plating material is preferably lead or a lead alloy, such as a lead alloy containing 95% Pb and 5% Sb, or a lead alloy containing lead, tin and zinc.
  • Lead is approximately three times cheaper than copper, and lead is also passive when anodically charged with an electric current. The latter property is important since, as mentioned in the foregoing, when using copper coatings crack problems arise from time to time, i.e. when cracks occur in the magnetite, the copper coating disappears at the place of crack and causes problems with respect to the current discharge in that the current cannot pass where copper has disappeared, and the resistance of the anode is thereby increased to an unacceptable degree. These problems are avoided when using lead or lead alloys or other of the above metals or alloys thereof instead of copper.
  • the central cable termination member is preferably a bronze spiral which is pressed into the magnetite in such a manner that contact between the metal coating or plating and the spiral is obtained exactly in or substantially in the middle of the anode, thus providing an even current distribution and avoiding undesirable end-effects.
  • the current impressing surface of the magnetite anode member is only partially coated or plated with the electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, since such partial coating or plating may serve to diminish undesired end-effects.
  • a magnetite anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member in the form of a hollow and substantially cylindrical tube open at one end and closed at the opposite end, said tube on its current impressing inner surface being coated or plated with lead metal or an electrically conductive lead alloy, said coating or plating covering said inner surface except for a relatively small area at the upper part of said surface at the open end of said tube and except for a corresponding relatively small area at the closed bottom part of said tube, said coating or plating being connected to a conductive cable termination member in the form of a bronze spiral fixed in conductive connection at a central position or area of said coating or plating, thus providing contact between the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area of said coating or plating.
  • An anode of this type is relatively cheap, and the lead coating or plating serves to avoid damages caused by anode coating cracks, and the lead coating, compared to copper, provides substantially identical current discharges along the whole length of the anode and corresponding voltage decreases.
  • the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shows a preferred embodiment of a magnetite anode according to the invention. The drawing shows a longi tudinal section in a cylindrical anode arrangement.
  • a magnetite anode member 10 is coated or plated with a layer 11, preferably a lead or lead alloy layer, which ends at an upper position 17 and at a bottom position 18.
  • the metal layer 11 is covered with a plastic compound 12 which also covers those inner parts of the magne tite anode member 10 which are not having a metal layer 11.
  • the inside of the tubular anode assembly is filled with a porous body 13, such as expanded polystyrene, and the top of the anode member is closed by means of a plastic cap 16 through which a cable 14 penetrates.
  • a cable to anode center connection 15 is in the form of a bronze spiral having electrical contact with the layer 11.
  • the anode When using the anode in practice the anode is connected to the positive pole of a direct current supply, where as the material or construction to be protected against corrosion is connected to the negative pole of said direct current supply.
  • a direct current supply where as the material or construction to be protected against corrosion is connected to the negative pole of said direct current supply.

Abstract

An improved oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, comprising a metal oxide anode member (10), preferably a magnetite anode member, having a coating or plating (11) consisting of an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination (15) which is fixed in a central position relative to said coating or plating.

Description

OXIDE ANODE FOR USE IN IMPRESSED CURRENT CATHODIC CORROSION PROTECTION
This invention relates to an improved oxide anode to be used in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, such as the cathodic protection of tanks and pipelines in soil, fresh water or sea water, and also in connection with the protection of sheet steel pilings in harbours. Other examples of the fields of use of the present anode are floating docks, high voltage direct current transmissions and large water towers for drinking water. Generally, the anode according to the invention can be used .in most instances where traditional anodes can be used. The low price and the low consumption, i.e. loss of anode material, at all current densities as well as the further advantages described in the following render the anode of the present invention an effective and attractive alternative to other anodes. Magnetite anodes for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection are known in the art and have proved superior to traditional silicon-iron and graphite anodes which require frequent replacement. Thus, a magnetite anode, the entire inside surface of which is plated with a thin copper layer, and in which just below the anode top a copper plate is fixed to the inside copper layer with a cable connection attachment soldered thereon, has been described and used in practice for cathodic protection of a number of structures susceptible to corrosion. In this context, reference is made to my paper entitled "Magnetite Anodes For Impressed Current Cathodic Protection", presented during "Corrosion/78" (paper 159), March 1978, Houston, Texas, and published in "Materials Performance", August 1979, pp. 17-20. The latter reference is believed to contain a description of the prior art coming closest to the present invention as described and claimed herein.
The above-mentioned prior art anodes have a number of disadvantages. Thus, the cable connection attachment at the top of the anode has given rise to problems with respect to the current distribution and hence also as regards the so-called end-effects, i.e. a high load and thus also metal plating attacks at those locations on the anode where an uneven current load is encountered.
Furthermore, when using a copper plating or coating combined with the prior art cable connection attachment, problems with respect to cracks in the magnetite anode were experienced. Thus, when cracks were formed, the electrolyte could penetrate the cracks, and the copper layer disappeared at the crack locations. This caused problems with regard to the current discharge, since at those locations on the anode where the copper layer disappeared the current could not pass, and hence the remaining part of the anode was unduly highly loaded. Furthermore, an unduly high resistivity was experienced because of the disappearance of the copper layer. In accordance with the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved oxide anode arrangement for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, thereby providing an anode having a satisfactory even distribution of current therefrom and not being susceptible to end-effects, at the same time avoiding an unduly high anode resistivity.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an improved magnetite anode of the above type which has the above advantages and is simple and cheap in production and practical use.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a magnetite anode of the above type having a coating or plating consisting of lead metal or a lead metal alloy, such anode being particularly effective in operation in impressed current cathodic protection.
Still further objects will be apparent from the following description. In its broadest aspect, the invention relates to a metal oxide anode or anode construction for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a metal oxide anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, the said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to the said coated or plated surface, thus providing contact between the termination member and the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area or portion of the said coating or plating.
The above described central connection serves to obtain a satisfactory even current distribution, and the above-mentioned undesirable end-effects are also highly diminished.
In a specific embodiment of the anode the metal oxide is magnetite, although other metal oxides can also be used, such as a NiO + FeO/Fe2O3-anode instead of a magnetite anode which is a FeO/Fe2O3-anode.
More specifically, the invention relates to a magnetite anode for the use stated above, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, tin, aluminum, copper alloys, lead alloys, tin alloys, and aluminum alloys, said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to said coating or plating, thus providing contact with the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area of said coating or plating.
According to the invention, the metal or metal alloy used as the coating or plating material is preferably lead or a lead alloy, such as a lead alloy containing 95% Pb and 5% Sb, or a lead alloy containing lead, tin and zinc. Lead is approximately three times cheaper than copper, and lead is also passive when anodically charged with an electric current. The latter property is important since, as mentioned in the foregoing, when using copper coatings crack problems arise from time to time, i.e. when cracks occur in the magnetite, the copper coating disappears at the place of crack and causes problems with respect to the current discharge in that the current cannot pass where copper has disappeared, and the resistance of the anode is thereby increased to an unacceptable degree. These problems are avoided when using lead or lead alloys or other of the above metals or alloys thereof instead of copper.
The central cable termination member is preferably a bronze spiral which is pressed into the magnetite in such a manner that contact between the metal coating or plating and the spiral is obtained exactly in or substantially in the middle of the anode, thus providing an even current distribution and avoiding undesirable end-effects.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the current impressing surface of the magnetite anode member is only partially coated or plated with the electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, since such partial coating or plating may serve to diminish undesired end-effects.
Thus, according to a specifically preferred embodiment of the invention, there is provided a magnetite anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member in the form of a hollow and substantially cylindrical tube open at one end and closed at the opposite end, said tube on its current impressing inner surface being coated or plated with lead metal or an electrically conductive lead alloy, said coating or plating covering said inner surface except for a relatively small area at the upper part of said surface at the open end of said tube and except for a corresponding relatively small area at the closed bottom part of said tube, said coating or plating being connected to a conductive cable termination member in the form of a bronze spiral fixed in conductive connection at a central position or area of said coating or plating, thus providing contact between the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area of said coating or plating.
An anode of this type is relatively cheap, and the lead coating or plating serves to avoid damages caused by anode coating cracks, and the lead coating, compared to copper, provides substantially identical current discharges along the whole length of the anode and corresponding voltage decreases. The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shows a preferred embodiment of a magnetite anode according to the invention. The drawing shows a longi tudinal section in a cylindrical anode arrangement.
In the drawing a magnetite anode member 10 is coated or plated with a layer 11, preferably a lead or lead alloy layer, which ends at an upper position 17 and at a bottom position 18. The metal layer 11 is covered with a plastic compound 12 which also covers those inner parts of the magne tite anode member 10 which are not having a metal layer 11. The inside of the tubular anode assembly is filled with a porous body 13, such as expanded polystyrene, and the top of the anode member is closed by means of a plastic cap 16 through which a cable 14 penetrates. A cable to anode center connection 15 is in the form of a bronze spiral having electrical contact with the layer 11. When using the anode in practice the anode is connected to the positive pole of a direct current supply, where as the material or construction to be protected against corrosion is connected to the negative pole of said direct current supply. The use of an improved anode as described above, in particular as illustrated in the drawing, is highly attractive in that the advantages described in the foregoing are thereby achieved.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. A metal oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a metal oxide anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy, the said metal or metal alloy coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to said coated or plated surface, thus providing contact between the termination member and the coating or plating substantially in the center or the central area of the said coating or plating.
2. A metal oxide anode according to claim 1, in which the anode member is a magnetite anode member.
3. A magnetite anode for use in impressed current cathodic protection against corrosion, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member which on its current impressing surface is completely or partially coated or plated with an electrically conductive metal or metal alloy select ed from the group consisting of copper, lead, tin, aluminum. copper alloys, lead alloys, tin alloys, and aluminum alloys the said coating or plating being connected to an electrically conductive cable termination member which is fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area relative to the said coating or plating, thus providing contact between the termination member and the coating or plating substantially in the center or central area of the said coating or plating.
4. A magnetite anode according to claim 3, in which the metal or metal alloy is lead or a lead alloy.
5. A magnetite anode according to claim 3 or 4, in which the cable termination member is a bronze spiral.
6. A magnetite anode according to claim 3, in which the current impressing surface of the magnetite anode member is partially coated or plated with the electrically conductive metal or metal alloy.
7. A magnetite anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection, said anode comprising a magnetite anode member in the form of a hollow and substantially cylindrical tube open at one end and closed at the opposite end, said tube on its current impressing inner surface being coated or plated with lead metal or with an electrically conductive lead alloy, said coating or plating covering said inner surface except for a relatively small area at the upper part of said surface at the open end of said tube, and except for a corresponding relatively small area at the bottom part of said tube, said coating or plating being connected to a conductive cable termination member in the form of a bronze spiral fixed in conductive connection to a central position or area of the said surface coating or plating, thereby providing contact between the coating or plating substantially in the center or central part or area of said coating or plating.
PCT/SE1983/000081 1982-03-11 1983-03-09 Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection WO1983003264A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB08328593A GB2125827B (en) 1982-03-11 1983-03-09 Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection
JP58501014A JPS59500377A (en) 1982-03-11 1983-03-09 Oxide anode used for external power cathodic protection
DK510083A DK164122C (en) 1982-03-11 1983-11-07 METAL OXIDANODE USED FOR CATHODIC CORROSION PROTECTION WITH PRINTED CURRENT

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US357,289820311 1982-03-11
US06/357,289 US4486288A (en) 1982-03-11 1982-03-11 Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983003264A1 true WO1983003264A1 (en) 1983-09-29

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ID=23405011

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1983/000081 WO1983003264A1 (en) 1982-03-11 1983-03-09 Oxide anode for use in impressed current cathodic corrosion protection

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4486288A (en)
EP (1) EP0102380B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59500377A (en)
AU (1) AU1339383A (en)
DE (1) DE3337005T1 (en)
DK (1) DK164122C (en)
GB (1) GB2125827B (en)
SE (1) SE8306144L (en)
WO (1) WO1983003264A1 (en)

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AU607497B2 (en) * 1987-05-25 1991-03-07 Anthony Joseph Griffin Alternating current traction system voltage regulator
GB8804859D0 (en) * 1988-03-01 1988-03-30 Ici Plc Electrode & construction thereof
DE4224539C1 (en) * 1992-07-27 1993-12-16 Heraeus Elektrochemie Anode cathodic corrosion protection - has ring packing and press sleeve around the cable connecting and current supply bolt
US5256267A (en) * 1993-01-14 1993-10-26 Rheem Manufacturing Company Resistored sacrificial anode assembly for metal tank
GB2309978A (en) * 1996-02-09 1997-08-13 Atraverda Ltd Titanium suboxide electrode; cathodic protection
GB9915420D0 (en) * 1999-07-01 1999-09-01 Atraverda Ltd Electrode
US6998031B1 (en) 1999-07-01 2006-02-14 Atraverda Limited Electrode
GB0409521D0 (en) * 2004-04-29 2004-06-02 Fosroc International Ltd Sacrificial anode assembly
GB0505353D0 (en) 2005-03-16 2005-04-20 Chem Technologies Ltd E Treatment process for concrete
US8999137B2 (en) 2004-10-20 2015-04-07 Gareth Kevin Glass Sacrificial anode and treatment of concrete
US8211289B2 (en) * 2005-03-16 2012-07-03 Gareth Kevin Glass Sacrificial anode and treatment of concrete
CA2488298C (en) 2004-11-23 2008-10-14 Highline Mfg. Inc. Bale processor with grain mixing attachment
JP2009511747A (en) * 2005-10-12 2009-03-19 オール マイ リレーションズ、インコーポレイティッド Internal combustion apparatus and method utilizing electrolysis cell
US8023807B2 (en) * 2008-01-14 2011-09-20 Aos Holding Company Resistor anode assembly
US9499915B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2016-11-22 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Encapsulated impressed current anode for vessel internal cathodic protection
US10744543B2 (en) 2017-11-16 2020-08-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus and method for in-situ cathodic protection of piggable water pipelines

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0102380B1 (en) 1987-05-20
EP0102380A1 (en) 1984-03-14
DE3337005C2 (en) 1992-10-22
GB2125827B (en) 1986-04-03
JPS59500377A (en) 1984-03-08
AU1339383A (en) 1983-10-24
DK164122C (en) 1992-10-19
DK164122B (en) 1992-05-11
DK510083D0 (en) 1983-11-07
DE3337005T1 (en) 1984-09-20
GB2125827A (en) 1984-03-14
DK510083A (en) 1983-11-07
SE8306144D0 (en) 1983-11-09
US4486288A (en) 1984-12-04
GB8328593D0 (en) 1983-11-30
SE8306144L (en) 1983-11-09

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