WO1983001996A1

WO1983001996A1 - Vertical condensor and/or heat exchanger with radial steam flow, with annular and vertical water flow and with heating and degasing of the condensate

Info

Publication number: WO1983001996A1
Application number: PCT/HU1982/000063
Authority: WO
Inventors: Müvek Aprilis 4. Gépipari
Original assignee: KÖBLÖS, József; OSZ, János
Priority date: 1981-11-30
Filing date: 1982-11-29
Publication date: 1983-06-09
Also published as: HU183714B

Abstract

The condensor comprises a cold area or core and heat exchange conduits which surround the cold area and convey the cold fluid. The conduits comprise guiding fins which subdivide the chamber. Perforated tubes convey the condensate.

Description

VERTICALLY ARRANGED CONDENSER AND / OR HEAT EXCHANGER WITH RADIAL VAPOR FLOW, VERTICAL, RING-SHAPED WATER FLOW, REHEATING AND DEGASSING OF THE CONDENSATE

The invention is a vertically arranged condenser and / or heat exchanger with radial steam flow, vertical, annular water flow, reheating and degassing of the condensate.

The heating water of the heating systems - heating plants, heating power plants - the feed water of the power plants and industrial boilers is warmed up in differently designed heat exchangers, preheaters by the steam of various water vapor sources, which condenses as a result of the heat emission.

The horizontally arranged condensers and the horizontally and vertically arranged preheaters are known for the condensation of the turbine steam or the steam coming from other sources. These are manufactured in a wide variety of solutions with regard to the steam and water flow, the removal of the inert gases and the removal of the condensate.

The steam flowing out through the last nozzle of the steam turbine flows into the turbine condenser, where it condenses. The design of the tube bundle of the currently functioning, exclusively lying condensers accordingly ensures the favorable flow, heat and mass transfer conditions of the steam - precipitation - inert gas.

In combined heat and power plants, the total amount of steam escaping from the turbine condenses in the heating preheaters, so here these preheaters can be regarded as the condensers of the turbine. In this case, its design must be such that it corresponds to the function of the capacitor and satisfies the requirements placed on the turbine capacitor.

It is still the regenerative small print pre-warmer of the condensing power plant units that are dependent the load can also work on vacuum pressure, as well as the heat exchangers of the back pressure and condensation heating blocks known.

The steam load of the heat exchangers is essentially identical to that of the condenser, but in contrast to the condenser they also work at very wide load intervals. In addition, their water-side pressure is identical to the operating pressure of the hot water system / l6-40

Bar / so their heat and pesticide exposure is much less favorable than that of the condenser of the base works. The current structural design of the heat exchangers hardly differs from the regenerative heat exchangers designed for the condensing blocks, nevertheless that the flow, heat and mass transfer ratios change significantly with the increase in unit outputs. As a result, these do not satisfy the operating requirements prescribed for the turbine capacitor.

In the regenerative vacuum pressure preheaters and in the heat exchangers, the water / food or heating / hot water to be heated flows in a tube bundle designed in one, two or more ways. The organization of the steam flow practically deviates from the lying and standing arrangements and from this point of view the following configurations are generally known: a / Such heat exchangers in which the total amount of steam condenses flowing through the tube bundle. A disadvantage of this solution is that the high speeds of the entry section in the heat transfer tubes can cause vibration damage. Their other fundamental disadvantage is the uneven distribution of the condensation along the heating surface. b / Such heat exchangers in developed design, in which the total amount of steam is divided in the space between the tube bundle and the jacket and are designed in the tube bundles with guide lamellae chambers. In the individual chambers - in the space between two guide vanes - the steam condenses according to the pressure and temperature conditions. The part of this solution is the uneven flushing of the individual chambers and the formation of dead zones.

Another disadvantage of both solutions is that due to the condensation as a result of the reduction in the amount of steam or the steam flow rate, the water-side heat transfer coefficient drops sharply. In addition, the reusable version of the condensed steam on the pipes is based sometimes on a cold, sometimes on a warm pipe bundle, which is why the corresponding ventilation of the device cannot be ensured because the cold air zone cannot be clearly determined.

A major disadvantage of the current solutions is that in the case of renovations and in those places where condensation blocks are redesigned for heating blocks, the installation of the horizontally arranged heat exchangers is not possible due to construction conditions and considerations while observing the optimal dimensions, arrangement, space utilization and other factors or is not economical. Purpose of the invention is for the preheater systems that also work on vacuum pressure - to design condensers and / or heat exchangers with such a structural solution that eliminate the previously disclosed disadvantages and incompleteness of the preheater devices, heat exchangers and condensers common today, which preheating with better efficiency, operation or availability with greater safety and furnishing with a longer service life result in lower investment costs.

The device according to the invention, which corresponds to these goals, is based on the detection of the mutually compared, correspondingly ordered flow of the media - water to be warmed up, heating steam, non-condensing gases and precipitation of the heating steam. Their goal is achieved in that in the vertically constructed device the flow of the steam is radial and the meidum to be warmed up, for example water, is vertical, that the non-condensing vapors and gases are sucked out of the cold zone formed in the middle of the device and the resulting precipitation , Condensate be warmed up while this is degassed. The condenser and / or heat exchanger according to the invention with a vertical arrangement, radial steam flow, vertical, ring-shaped water flow, reheating and degassing of the condensate is designed in such a way that it conducts a cold zone / core that can be easily determined and flows through it and conducts the cold medium to be warmed up , and surrounding the cold zone, ring-shaped, purposefully arranged, radially removing from the zone increasingly warmer medium conducting heat transfer tubes, which are threaded onto the tubes, separating the space-separating fins, in some cases designed on their inner or outer side, condensate collecting and sprinkling , targeted perforated channels, located in the cold zone of the condensate extractor.

The tube bundle of the device according to the invention is designed in such a way that the first path of the medium to be warmed up leads through the middle tubes of the vertical tube bundle of the container with the aid of the water chambers correspondingly designed in the container and the further water paths radially removing this point as the center point in tubes accommodated in a ring continue up or down. Accordingly, the medium flows at the lowest temperature, e.g. Heating water in the pipes located in the middle part of the tank. In the direction of the outer parts of the tank, warmer and medium flows in the individual vertical ring paths.

According to a further feature of the invention, the pipes on the heating medium side / steam / are provided with a plurality of guide and pipe fastening lamellae, each of which has a specific cross-section and which, in one cross-section, comprises the total amount of pipes. These slats have multiple functions. One of the functions is that they ensure spacing and aging for the pipes in order to keep them in the compared position. Another function is the division of the tube bundle into several condensation sections, so these sections only need as much steam as is needed for the heating up. In the end, the condensate trickling through the pipes film is disturbed and the condensate is collected and it gets into the lower part of the device in the manner shown below.

The condensate is removed in such a way that the precipitation first gets into the perforated channel, shell, which is designed on the inner circumference of the lamellae. From here, the condensate always falls into the channel underneath and ends up in the lower part of the tank. With this solution, it is possible that the trickling de, supercooled condensate is heated in each individual section by the inflowing steam and thereby the inert gas content drops. In other words, this means that a direct, contact heat exchange and, at the same time, an intensive degassing process is implemented within the facility.

During the installation in the containers, the steam is distributed evenly in the ring cross section between the tube bundle and the jacket and flows radially in the bundle subdivided into chambers with Leitla strips under the influence of the cold zone in the direction of the center of the container.

According to the invention, a precipitation collecting container can also be connected to the heat exchanger, which is also used for the further heating and qualitative degassing of the possibly supercooled precipitation. This container can be used for absorbing water with a higher heat content and pressure, and for accommodating various control elements.

For the removal of the non-condensing gases is used in the middle, coldest core at the height of the container and below, above the precipitation level ge designed pipe system, which ensures the removal of air with greater density than the low-pressure steam.

Advantages of the invention are: The uniform distribution of the steam entering the condenser and / or heat exchanger is ensured with the free ring cross-section designed between the tube bundle and the jacket. It follows that the colder water flowing in the central part of the facility securing the radial steam flow symmetrical to the central axis of the container enables - due to the pressure difference between the central colder core and the ring around the tube bundle with higher temperature. As a result of the radial steam flow, practically the same steam speed can be ensured in any cross-section of the tube bundle, since the flow cross-section also decreases as the amount of condensing steam is reduced.

- A significant advantage of the device is the achievement of better ventilation, there are no dead, corrosion-increasing, heat-reducing zones and the prescribed acid concentration of the precipitation can be ensured. The appropriate design of the ventilation is very important for the vacuum devices because the absolute airtightness of the system cannot be ensured. The precipitation collected on the guide fins on the tube bundle side of the free cylindrical zone configured in the central part of the heat exchanger trickles through perforated plates into the lower part of the heat exchanger. This trickling degassing unit - condensate steam condenser with direct contact - heats and degasses with the steam-air mixture emerging from the tube bundle the subcooled on the tubes and with oxygen / inert gases / enriched precipitation and so there is gas enriched in the middle free zone inert steam mixture. The condensation vapor extraction / ventilation / takes place from the room above the cold precipitation mirror of the inner zone and from the middle free space of the tube bundle along the entire height of the container.

Together with the precipitation collector / preheater / container that can be connected to the device, it can be clearly realized that the ventilation takes place from the coldest point / heat exchanger / and the water discharge from the warmest point / precipitation collector / ge. - The dense - instead of the practical distance over 50 d / Since the pipe diameter / guide vanes arranged at a distance of 35-45 d increase the heat transfer coefficient on the steam side, a smaller heat transfer area is required.

- In addition, the tight, parallel to arranged fins in the steam room and the evenly distributed steam flow eliminate the vibrations of the pipes, as well as their erosion damage, and this enables safe operation.

- The flow conditions in the steam room eliminate the formation of so-called dead zones, so no signs of corrosion can occur. The removal of these dead zones enables the effect of the entire heat transfer area and thereby the heat transfer area can also be reduced.

- The radial heat distribution enables a more favorable heat stress distribution in the pipe walls of the facility, thus reducing the risk of damage even with a pipe-pipe wall connection.

- In comparison to the horizontal arrangement of the facilities, their footprint is significantly smaller than the current α solutions, so significant investment costs are saved for the buildings or means only one possible solution for renovations and reconstructions.

The condenser and / or heat exchanger according to the invention can be used in all areas where there is a condensation heat transfer at large unit capacities, at large steam flows / large specific volume / and accordingly particularly in jacket rooms at locations with small and vacuum pressures.

For example, except for the already mentioned thermal power plants, condensation power plants in the regenerative small pressure feed water preheaters of nuclear power plants. It is also conceivable in the food industry, aluminum, petroleum industry etc. with similar operating conditions.

The embodiment of the invention, as a heating condenser of a combined heat and power plant, is made using announced a drawing.

The main construction components of the device according to Figure 1 are the following:

The water chamber 1 of the medium to be warmed up with inlet connections 2, heat exchange tubes 3, which in the example form two-way tube bundles and which are bordered by the tube walls 4, 5.

Upper rotary water chamber 6, the lower water chamber 7 of the heated medium with outlet connection 8.

Steam room jacket 9 with steam inlet connector 10.

Guide vanes 11 with condensate collection and trickle channels 12. Pipe system 13 for condensate vapor extraction. Condensate collecting space 14 with discharge nozzle 15.

The heating condenser with the known structure works in such a way that the water to be heated enters the water chamber 1 through the nozzle 2. Thereafter, the heating water flows up through the inner tubes of the tube bundle formed from the heat exchanger shear tubes 3, and then gets through the rotary water chamber 6 and through the outer tubes of the tube bundle into the water chamber 7.

The heating water, which has now been warmed up, leaves the container through the outlet connection 8.

The heating steam, which carries out the heating of the heating water, passes through the steam inlet connector 10 into the steam distribution space between the steam-space jacket 9 and the tube bundle. The steam is distributed evenly here due to the corresponding dimensions and resistance conditions. Thereafter, the heating steam flows in the chambers delimited with the guide vanes 11 radially in the direction of the tube bundle or the center of the container, during which condensation tubes 3 condense and heat the heating water flowing in the tubes.

The condensate formed on the tubes 3 collects on the guide vanes 11 and, in the example now, gets into the condensate conduit and drain channel 12 designed on the inner part of the guide vane. The split with the holes in the chamber into water jets, to the Surfaces of the pipes supercooled and enriched with gases Condensate trickles down from one channel to the other.

The heating steam always contains more or less air due to the leakage of the system, part of the air dissolves in the condensate, the other part mixes with the uncondensed steam and forms condensed steam. This condensate vapor emerges from the tube bundle and heats the trickling condensate to the saturation temperature associated with the prevailing pressure by direct heat exchange, and 90-95% of the dissolved gases are separated from it. In the meantime, most of the vapor content of the condensed vapor condenses on the water jets.

The condensate degassed in this way collects in the space 14 and can be removed from the container ter through the nozzle 15.

The resulting, enriched condensate vapor is removed from the coldest zone of the device with the aid of the central, free, cylindrical part of the tube bundle by means of a condensate vapor extractor 13.

The heating condenser described in the example is a type with a vertical, radial steam flow, with an annular, two-water path, stiff pipe wall, with a water inlet and outlet. The inventive design with holes, with lower or upper water inlet can also be used in heat exchangers with a rigid tube wall, float and compensator construction.

At the condenser and / or heat exchanger according to the invention, a precipitation-collecting-preheater-degassing container for heating the continuing, possibly a bit subcooled precipitation, depending on the need for its overheating and qualitative degassing, can be connected. In this container, the precipitation introduced from the heat exchange encoder and from the actuator of the low-temperature system heats up in a known manner to the saturation temperature or overheats with the connection of the introduced precipitation and / or vapors at a higher temperature. and higher pressure. The condenser and / or heat exchanger according to the invention functions without the connectable precipitation collecting mixing preheater degassing container in a correspondingly switched system as a self-equipping device.

Claims

Pa t e n t a n s pr u c h

Condenser and / or heat exchanger with a vertical arrangement, radial steam flow, vertical, ring-shaped water flow, back heating and degassing of the condensate, characterized in that it has an easily identifiable cold zone or core, and through it, the cold medium to be warmed up direct the heat transfer tubes / 3 /, which surround the cold zone, are arranged in a ring-shaped manner and radially away from the zone and are warmer and warmer; the heat transfer tubes / 3 /, which are threaded onto the tubes / 3 / and separate the space / ll /, in some cases on theirs internal or external side designed, condensate collecting and irrigating, targeted perforated channels / 12 /, in the cold zone housed condensate vapor extractor / 13 /.