WO1983001959A1 - Process for the bainitic hardening at least partially isothermally of a cast iron part - Google Patents

Process for the bainitic hardening at least partially isothermally of a cast iron part Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983001959A1
WO1983001959A1 PCT/CH1982/000126 CH8200126W WO8301959A1 WO 1983001959 A1 WO1983001959 A1 WO 1983001959A1 CH 8200126 W CH8200126 W CH 8200126W WO 8301959 A1 WO8301959 A1 WO 8301959A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bath
temperature
cooling
intercooling
workpiece
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1982/000126
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fischer Aktiengesellschaft Georg
Original Assignee
Hauke, Wilhelm
Hornung, Klaus
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hauke, Wilhelm, Hornung, Klaus filed Critical Hauke, Wilhelm
Priority to BR8208004A priority Critical patent/BR8208004A/en
Publication of WO1983001959A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983001959A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D5/00—Heat treatments of cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for at least partially, isothermally bainizing workpieces made of cast iron materials / and to its use for workpieces which would be produced in a fully pearlitic manner due to their insufficient cooling speed over the cross section.
  • the hitherto known bainite tempering methods are based on a critical cooling speed which results from the temperature gradient between the austenitizing and cooling bath and the workpiece diameter.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a bainite tempering process in which the cooling rate is increased for thick-walled workpieces in such a way that the pearlite conversion can be at least partially avoided. Furthermore, by isothermal
  • Treatment methods specific material properties of the upper or lower bainite stage are set separately.
  • the cooling curve 1 represents the cooling of the core, while the cooling curve 2 illustrates the cooling of the outer layer.
  • the temperature of the intercooling bath is adapted to the relevant wall thickness of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece In this bath, the workpiece is cooled down so quickly that it passes the pearlite nose and is then used to convert the structure to bainitis.
  • the cooling rates can be controlled so that even thicker wall thicknesses do not undergo pearlite transformation, at least in the peripheral zones.
  • a component with a wall thickness of approx. 30 mm made of unalloyed GGG was austenitized at approx. 900 C and then quenched in an intermediate cooling bath at 240 C. The component is then placed on a
  • HHaalltteetteemmppeerraattuu r transferred from 380 C and bainite hardened.
  • the desired bainitic structure with the known advantageous mechanical properties results at least partially over the cross section of the workpiece.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The process for the bainitic hardening at least partially isothermally of a cast iron part is particularly adapted to the treatment of metal parts with thick walls. After an austenitic treatment, the parts are cooled in an intermediary bath and are finally subjected to a bainitic hardening temperature until the desired result is obtained.

Description

Verfahren zum mindestens teilweisen., isothermen Bainitisieren von Werkstücken aus Guss-Eisenwerkstoffen Process for at least partial isothermal bainitization of workpieces made of cast iron materials
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Ver¬ fahren zum mindestens teilweisen, isothermen Bainiti¬ sieren von Werkstücken aus Guss-Eisenwerkstoffen/ sowie auf dessen Anwendung für Werkstücke die durch ihre zu geringe Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit über den Querschnitt voll perlitisch anfallen würden.The present invention relates to a method for at least partially, isothermally bainizing workpieces made of cast iron materials / and to its use for workpieces which would be produced in a fully pearlitic manner due to their insufficient cooling speed over the cross section.
Die bisher bekannten Bainit-Vergütungsverf hren rich¬ ten sich nach einer kritischen Abkühlungsgeschwindig- keit, die aus dem Temperaturgradienten zwischen Auste- nitisierungs- und Abkühlbad und dem Werkstückdurch- messer resultiert.The hitherto known bainite tempering methods are based on a critical cooling speed which results from the temperature gradient between the austenitizing and cooling bath and the workpiece diameter.
Aus dem FR-Patent Nr. 76 21 520 ist ein Verfahren • bekannt bei dem die Werkstücke durch rasches Abkühlen auf eine gewählte Zwischenstufentemperatur an der Perlitnase vorbeigeführt werden und danach den Zwischenstufenbereich guasi-isotherm durchlaufen. D.h. die Umwandlung muss abgeschlossen sein bevor die Martensitstartlinie erreicht wird. Der kontinuier¬ liche Abkühlungsverlauf ergibt ein Mischgefüge aus oberer und unterer Bainitstufe.From the FR Pat. No. 76 21 520, a method is known in which • the workpieces are moved past by rapid cooling to a selected intermediate temperature at the pearlite nose and then through the interstage region guasi-isothermal. ie the transformation must be completed before the martensite start line is reached. The continuous cooling process results in a mixed structure of the upper and lower bainite stage.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein Bainit-Vergütungsver¬ fahren vorzuschlagen, bei dem für dickwandige Werk¬ stücke die Abkühlungsgeschwind!gkeit so erhöht wird, dass die Perlitumwandlung mindestens teilweise ver- mieden werden kann. Femer sollen durch isothermeThe object of the invention is to propose a bainite tempering process in which the cooling rate is increased for thick-walled workpieces in such a way that the pearlite conversion can be at least partially avoided. Furthermore, by isothermal
Behandlungsmethoden spezifische Werkstoffeigenschaften der oberen bzw. der unteren Bainitstufe getrennt ein¬ gestellt werden.Treatment methods specific material properties of the upper or lower bainite stage are set separately.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Lehre des Anspruches 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the teaching of claim 1.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Further advantageous designs result from the dependent claims.
Betrachtet man ein Werkstück mit geringer Wanddicke beim Eintauchen in ein Bainitisierungsbad, so wird der Werkstoff in der Aussenschicht rasch auf die Temperatur des Bades abgekühlt. Der Kern wird infolge des geringen Weges, den die Wärme zur Oberfläche zurückzulegen hat und infolge des günstigen Verhält¬ nisses von Abkühlfläche zur Gesamtmasse des Werk¬ stückes ebenfalls schnell auf die Bainitisierungs- temperatur kommen (Fig. 1) .If you consider a workpiece with a small wall thickness when immersed in a bainitizing bath, the material in the outer layer is quickly cooled to the temperature of the bath. The core will also quickly reach the bainitization temperature due to the small distance that the heat has to travel to the surface and due to the favorable ratio of the cooling surface to the total mass of the workpiece (FIG. 1).
Beide in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Abkühlkurven bleiben bis zur Erreichung der Badtemperatur im austeniti- sehen Bereich. Entsprechend erhält man nach der Um¬ wandlung über den gesamten Querschnitt Bainit. Die Abkühlkurve 1 stellt die Abkühlung des Kernes dar während die Abkühlkurve 2 die Abkühlung der Aussen- Schicht veranschaulicht.Both cooling curves shown in FIG. 1 remain in the austenitic until the bath temperature is reached. see area. Accordingly, bainite is obtained over the entire cross-section after the transformation. The cooling curve 1 represents the cooling of the core, while the cooling curve 2 illustrates the cooling of the outer layer.
Anders verhält es sich bei Werkstücken bei denen in¬ folge der Wandstärkenverhältnisse, die Abkühlung durch die Perlitnase verläuft. Hier kühlen infolge des grösseren Wärmevolumens Aussenschicht und Kern so langsam ab, dass statt Bainit, perlitisches Gefüge erzeugt wird (Fig. 2) .The situation is different in the case of workpieces in which, as a result of the wall thickness ratios, the cooling runs through the pearlite nose. Due to the greater heat volume, the outer layer and core cool down so slowly that pearlite structure is produced instead of bainite (Fig. 2).
Der Kern wird wegen der geringen Wärmeableitung er- heblich langsamer abkühlen als dies bei dünnwandigen Stücken der Fall ist, so dass die Abkühlkurve den Perlitbereich durchläuft.Due to the low heat dissipation, the core will cool down considerably more slowly than is the case with thin-walled pieces, so that the cooling curve runs through the pearlite area.
Es wird nun vorgeschlagen, dickwandige Werkstücke vor dem Einstellen auf Bainitisierungstemperatur in ein Zwischenkühlungsbad zu tauchen, dessen Temperatur unter der Temperatur liegt, bei der sich das ge¬ wünschte Bainitgefüge bildet (Fig. 3) , so dass das Werkstück sozusagen unterkühlt wird.It is now proposed to immerse thick-walled workpieces in an intercooling bath whose temperature is below the temperature at which the desired bainite structure is formed (FIG. 3), so that the workpiece is, so to speak, supercooled.
Die Temperatur des Zwischenkühlungsbades wird der je¬ weiligen assgebenden Wanddicke des Werkstückes ange- passt.The temperature of the intercooling bath is adapted to the relevant wall thickness of the workpiece.
In diesem Bad wird das Werkstück so rasch abgekühlt, dass es an der Perlitnase vorbeigeführt wird, und danach zur Umwandlung des Gefüges auf Bainitisie-In this bath, the workpiece is cooled down so quickly that it passes the pearlite nose and is then used to convert the structure to bainitis.
OMPI rungstemperatur übergeführt wird.OMPI temperature is transferred.
Durch dieses Verfahren können die Abkühlgeschwindig¬ keiten so gesteuert werden, dass auch dickere Wand- stärken zumindest in den Randzonen keine Perlitum- wandlung durchlaufen.With this method, the cooling rates can be controlled so that even thicker wall thicknesses do not undergo pearlite transformation, at least in the peripheral zones.
Anhand des nachfolgenden Beispiels wird das beschrie¬ bene Verfahren näher erläutert.The method described is explained in more detail using the example below.
Ein Bauteil mit einer Wandstärke von ca. 30 mm aus unlegiertem GGG wurde bei ca. 900 C austenitisiert, und danach in einem Zwischenkühlungsbad bei 240 C abgeschreckt. Anschliessend wird das Bauteil auf eineA component with a wall thickness of approx. 30 mm made of unalloyed GGG was austenitized at approx. 900 C and then quenched in an intermediate cooling bath at 240 C. The component is then placed on a
HHaalltteetteemmppeerraattuu:r von 380 C übergeführt und bainitisch durchgehärtet.HHaalltteetteemmppeerraattuu: r transferred from 380 C and bainite hardened.
Daraus ergibt sich nach erfolgter Umwandlung mindes¬ tens teilweise über den Querschnitt des Werkstückes das gewünschte bainitische Gefüge mit den bekannten vorteilhaften mechanischen Eigenschaften.After the conversion has taken place, the desired bainitic structure with the known advantageous mechanical properties results at least partially over the cross section of the workpiece.
OMPI OMPI

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zum mindestens teilweisen, isothermen Bainitisieren von Werkstücken aus Guss-Eisenwerk¬ stoffen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,, dass die Werk¬ stücke nach erfolgter Austenitisierung in einem Zwischenkühlungsbad abgeschreckt und so lange im austenitischen Zustand unterkühlt gehalten werden, bis im Werkstück eine Temperatur erreicht wird, die im Bereich der unteren Bainitstufe liegt, dann durch Anheben und Halten des Werkstückes auf U - wandlungstemper tur die Bainitumwandlung einsetzt, so dass durch die bei tiefer Zwischenkühlungsbad- temperatur beschleunigte Abkühlung auch im inneren des Werkstückes die Unterkühlung des Austenits sichert.1. A method for at least partial, isothermal bainitization of workpieces made of cast iron materials, characterized in that the workpieces are quenched in an intermediate cooling bath after austenitization and are kept undercooled in the austenitic state until a temperature in the workpiece is reached which is in the area of the lower bainite stage, then by lifting and holding the workpiece to the transformation temperature, the bainite transformation begins, so that the cooling of the austenite inside the workpiece is ensured due to the accelerated cooling at low intercooling bath temperature.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück im Zwischenkühlungsbad bis zum Temperaturausgleich gehalten wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the workpiece is held in the intercooling bath until temperature compensation.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dickwandigen Teilen mit entsprechender3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that with thick-walled parts with a corresponding
_ O PI Wärmekapazität die Temperatur des Zwischenküh¬ lungsbades unter der Martensitstartlinie im ZTU- Schaubild liegt, ohne dass bei vorgegebener Ver¬ weilzeit Martensit entsteht._ O PI Heat capacity, the temperature of the intercooling bath is below the martensite start line in the ZTU diagram, without martensite being formed for a predetermined dwell time.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Baini isierungstemperatur gleich oder höher ist wie diejenige des Zwischenkühlungsbades.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bainization temperature is equal to or higher than that of the intermediate cooling bath.
5. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Zwischenkühlung ver¬ dampfende Abkühlmedien, z.B. Oel, niedrigschmel¬ zende Metalle verwendet werden.5. The method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that for intercooling evaporating cooling media, e.g. Oil, low-melting metals are used.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass zur Zwischenkühlung nicht ver¬ dampfende Abkühlmedien z.B. Luft, Salze, hoch¬ schmelzende Metalle verwendet werden.6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that for intercooling non-evaporating cooling media e.g. Air, salts, high-melting metals can be used.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Baini umwandlung in Luft durchgeführt wird.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Baini conversion is carried out in air.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bainitumwandlung in einem Bad z.B. Oel-,8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bainite conversion in a bath e.g. Oil-,
Salz- oder Metallbad durchgeführt wird.Salt or metal bath is carried out.
9. Anwendung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, für Werkstücke, die ohne Zwischenkühlung ein perlitisches Gefüge ausbilden. 9. Application of the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, for workpieces that form a pearlitic structure without intermediate cooling.
PCT/CH1982/000126 1981-12-03 1982-12-02 Process for the bainitic hardening at least partially isothermally of a cast iron part WO1983001959A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8208004A BR8208004A (en) 1981-12-03 1982-12-02 ISOTHERMIC BAINITIZATION PROCESS AT LEAST PARTIAL OF CAST IRON PIECES

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH7726/81-5811203 1981-12-03
CH7726/81A CH648350A5 (en) 1981-12-03 1981-12-03 METHOD FOR isothermal austempering OF workpieces made of ferrous materials.

Publications (1)

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WO1983001959A1 true WO1983001959A1 (en) 1983-06-09

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PCT/CH1982/000126 WO1983001959A1 (en) 1981-12-03 1982-12-02 Process for the bainitic hardening at least partially isothermally of a cast iron part

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EP (1) EP0095470A1 (en)
BR (1) BR8208004A (en)
CA (1) CA1210672A (en)
CH (1) CH648350A5 (en)
IT (1) IT1153659B (en)
WO (1) WO1983001959A1 (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2590508A1 (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-05-29 Pont A Mousson Process for obtaining parts moulded from spheroidal graphite cast iron and cast iron obtained by this process
EP0271688A1 (en) * 1986-11-20 1988-06-22 Necchi Societa Per Azioni Process for obtaining bainitic nodular cast iron castings
FR2697535A1 (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-05-06 Schissler Jean Marie Producing bainitic cast iron@ parts - using an atomised water and air mixt. around part as it is transferred to quenching medium
EP0622466A1 (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Mercedes-Benz Ag Method of hardening pieces of spheroidal graphite cast iron
US6149743A (en) * 1997-08-01 2000-11-21 Ovako Steel Ab Method of complete bainite hardening
WO2008071157A2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Schaeffler Kg Method for the heat treatment of antifriction bearing components of fully hardened, austempered antifriction bearing steel
CN104294014A (en) * 2013-07-18 2015-01-21 首都航天机械公司 Bainite isothermal heat treatment method of medium-carbon silicomanganese nickel-chromium-series low-alloy steel

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2258566A (en) * 1940-07-30 1941-10-07 American Steel & Wire Co Hardenable steel heat treatment
GB601588A (en) * 1943-07-06 1948-05-10 Charles Greiner Purnell Improvements in and relating to heat treatment of hardenable steel
DE872956C (en) * 1943-08-28 1953-04-09 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Intermediate quenching of unalloyed and alloyed steels
DE2054416A1 (en) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-31 Foerderung Der Eisenhuettentec Heat treatment of steel workpieces - comprising cooling from the austenitisation temp in a heated bath
US3784416A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-01-08 Canron Ltd Manufacture of white cast iron
FR2192184A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab
FR2358465A1 (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-02-10 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Bainitic steel support sections with predetermined strength - esp. for supporting subterranean galleries
EP0018445A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-11-12 Horst Dr. Mühlberger Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2258566A (en) * 1940-07-30 1941-10-07 American Steel & Wire Co Hardenable steel heat treatment
GB601588A (en) * 1943-07-06 1948-05-10 Charles Greiner Purnell Improvements in and relating to heat treatment of hardenable steel
DE872956C (en) * 1943-08-28 1953-04-09 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag Intermediate quenching of unalloyed and alloyed steels
DE2054416A1 (en) * 1970-11-05 1972-05-31 Foerderung Der Eisenhuettentec Heat treatment of steel workpieces - comprising cooling from the austenitisation temp in a heated bath
FR2192184A1 (en) * 1972-07-12 1974-02-08 Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab
US3784416A (en) * 1972-09-29 1974-01-08 Canron Ltd Manufacture of white cast iron
FR2358465A1 (en) * 1976-07-13 1978-02-10 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Bainitic steel support sections with predetermined strength - esp. for supporting subterranean galleries
EP0018445A1 (en) * 1978-12-13 1980-11-12 Horst Dr. Mühlberger Process for the manufacture of castings of nodular castiron

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2590508A1 (en) * 1985-11-27 1987-05-29 Pont A Mousson Process for obtaining parts moulded from spheroidal graphite cast iron and cast iron obtained by this process
EP0271688A1 (en) * 1986-11-20 1988-06-22 Necchi Societa Per Azioni Process for obtaining bainitic nodular cast iron castings
FR2697535A1 (en) * 1992-11-02 1994-05-06 Schissler Jean Marie Producing bainitic cast iron@ parts - using an atomised water and air mixt. around part as it is transferred to quenching medium
EP0622466A1 (en) * 1993-04-26 1994-11-02 Mercedes-Benz Ag Method of hardening pieces of spheroidal graphite cast iron
US6149743A (en) * 1997-08-01 2000-11-21 Ovako Steel Ab Method of complete bainite hardening
WO2008071157A2 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Schaeffler Kg Method for the heat treatment of antifriction bearing components of fully hardened, austempered antifriction bearing steel
WO2008071157A3 (en) * 2006-12-14 2009-05-14 Schaeffler Kg Method for the heat treatment of antifriction bearing components of fully hardened, austempered antifriction bearing steel
CN104294014A (en) * 2013-07-18 2015-01-21 首都航天机械公司 Bainite isothermal heat treatment method of medium-carbon silicomanganese nickel-chromium-series low-alloy steel
CN104294014B (en) * 2013-07-18 2016-12-28 首都航天机械公司 The bainite isothermal heat treatment method of middle carbon silicomanganese chromium nickel series low-alloy steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH648350A5 (en) 1985-03-15
IT1153659B (en) 1987-01-14
CA1210672A (en) 1986-09-02
EP0095470A1 (en) 1983-12-07
IT8224385A0 (en) 1982-11-23
IT8224385A1 (en) 1984-05-23
BR8208004A (en) 1983-10-18

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