Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D1/00—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type
  • F02D1/02—Controlling fuel-injection pumps, e.g. of high pressure injection type not restricted to adjustment of injection timing, e.g. varying amount of fuel delivered
  • F02D1/08—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance
  • F02D1/12—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance non-mechanical, e.g. hydraulic
  • F02D1/122—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance non-mechanical, e.g. hydraulic control impulse depending only on engine speed
  • F02D1/125—Transmission of control impulse to pump control, e.g. with power drive or power assistance non-mechanical, e.g. hydraulic control impulse depending only on engine speed using a centrifugal governor

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to fuel delivery systems for combustion ignition engines and more particularly to apparatus for limiting exhaust smoke and/or the rise in engine torque.
• Patent 4,149,507 entitled “Fuel-Air Ratio Control with Torque-Limiting Spring for Supercharged Engines” issued on April 17, 1979 to J. P. Little Jr. et al.
• One device for regulating a fuel air ratio controller is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,136,658, entitled “Speed Sensitive Pressure Regulator System” issued on January 30, 1979 to Gates and assigned to the assignee ofto the assignee of the present application.
• Other work in this field of technology includes U.S. Patent 3,695,245 entitled “Fuel Supply System for Internal Combustion Engines" by Ishida issued on October 3, 1972; U.S. Patent 3,916,862 entitled “Torque Rise Limiting Device” by
• OMPI will satisfy these tasks and can be easily installed as an accessory to a-conventional governor.
• the present invention is directed to over ⁇ coming one or more of the problems as set forth above.
• a rotation sensitive pressure regulator is provided with a housing, a valve within the housing for regulating the fluid pressure to an outlet, and a rotation responsive fly-weight assembly for actuating the valve.
• the improvement comprises means for adjustably biasing the spool valve in opposition to the actuation of the fly-weight assembly. Reliable and repeatable performance is attained by utilizing a nondefor able actuator member which eliminates the necessity for' a diaphragm and an actuating spring.
• the stability of the regulator is provided through the use of a spring that can adjust the static force on the spool valve.
• Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevational view in cross section of the present invention.
• Fig. 2 is a graphic illustration of the torque curves, the generation of smoke and the fuel rack position of an engine that is operated both with and without the embodiment of Fig. 1.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a rotation sensitive pressure regulator 7 that is used on a compression ignition engine (not shown) .
• the regulator includes a speed input shaft 8 that is driven by the engine at a speed proportional to the crankshaft speed.
• the input shaft is mounted for rotation within two duplex bearings 9 that are rigidly mounted in a base 10.
• the base attaches the regulator 7 to the engine (not shown) and seals the bottom of the regulator 7 from contamination by dirt and oil.
• the regulator 7 further includes a body or housing 11 which houses the apparatus.
• the speed input shaft 8 rotates a fly-weight assembly 13 that includes a disc shaped carrier 14 on which is mounted a plurality of devices 15.
• each device On each device is a pin 16 that acts as a pivot for a fly-weight 17.
• the fly-weights are located between the devices and pivot about the pins 16.
• the carrier 14 rotates at the same speed and the fly-weights pivot outwardly away from the axis of rotation due to centrifugal force.
• Each fly-weight 17 has a toe 18 that engages the outer race or ring of a bearing 20.
• the inner race of the bearing is rigidly attached to a nondeformable actuator member 19 that is an integral part of valve means 21 for regulating the outlet fluid pressure of the regulator 7. More precisely, the member 19 is a stem located on the lower end of a spool valve 21a and serves as a rigid coupling directly engaged by both the fly-weight assembly 13 and the spool valve for moving the spool valve in an upward direction in response to rotation of the fly-weight assembly.
• the bearing 20 permits the fly-weights to rotate relative to the spool valve during operation.
• the spool valve has upper and lower relieved portions 22,23, respectively, that form a control land 24.
• the upper relieved portion 22 communicates with a vent conduit 28 in the body 11 and the lower relieved portion 23 communicates with a supply conduit or inlet 26.
• the supply conduit is connected to a source of fluid pressure (not shown) .
• the supply conduit 26 is connected to the intake manifold so that the regulator is supplied with pressurized air corresponding to the manifold pressure.
• the control land 24 o covers a controlled air conduit or outlet 29.
• regulated air at a predetermined pressure is provided through this conduit 29 to a fuel air ratio controller 31 as described below.
• the spool valve 21a slides up and down within a bushing 33 that is rigidly 5 mounted within the body 11 of the regulator 7.
• the conduits 26, 28 and 29 communicate with the spool valve through the bushing.
• the clearance between the spool valve and the bushing is approximately 3.30X10 —6m
• the spool valve 21a and the bushing 33 can be fabricated from either stainless steel or porcelain. Porcelain is preferred if high temperature moisture laden air is to be encountered from the intake manifold. -5/1-
• the regulator 7 is provided with means 32 for urging, the spool valve 21a in a downward direction in opposition to the fly-weight assembly 13 in response to fluid pressure in the outlet 29.
• the urging means includes a cavity or chamber
• the cavity is connected to the controlled air conduit 29 by a passage 38.
• the urging means 32 further includes a compression spring 40 and which urges the spool valve 21a in a downward direction and places a static force on the spool valve that opposes the upward force generated by the rotation of the fly-weights 17.
• An adjusting screw 39 is threadably received in the cover 35 to adjust the compression of the spring which provides a way to vary the effect of the fly-weights and to move the operating curve of the regulator as described below in connection with Fig. 2.
• the adjustment screw 39 is properly positioned, the screw is locked in place with a jam nut 42 that engages the adjustment screw 39 and the cover 35.
• a rubber seal washer 43 is used to prevent the escape of fluid pressure from around the screw.
• the regulator 7 controls the pressure in the controlled air conduit 29 by moving the control land 24 on the spool valve 21a with respect to the conduit 29.
• the position of the control land is controlled by a plurality of forces.
• the downward force on the spool valve includes a force due to the fluid pressure in the cavity 34 under the cover 35.
• the pressure in this cavity 34 is equal to the pressure in the controlled air conduit 29 and is communicated to the cavity via the passage 38.
• the upward force on the spool valve includes the force due to the rotation of the fly-weights 17.
• This force is equal to a constant K times the square of the speed of the shaft 8 so that the upward force is proportional to the square of the engine speed.
• the constant K includes the number and mass of the fly-weights, the distance between the center of mass of the fly-weights and the pin 16 and the distance between the toe 18 and the pin 16.
• the cavity around the fly-weights is vented to the atmosphere so that no fluid pressure acts on the bottom of the spool valve.
• the pressure in the controlled air conduit 29 is directed to the fuel air ratio controller 31.
• the controller includes an upper chamber 35 and a lower chamber 46 separated by a diaphragm 47.
• the diaphragm is spring loaded with a spring 48 that eliminates preloading the diaphragm.
• the pressure from the regulator 7 is directed into the upper chamber 45 and the lower chamber 46 is constantly " at atmospheric pressure.
• the bottom of the diaphragm 47 is connected to a bolt 49 that engages a fuel rack collar 50 that positions the fuel rack 51.
• the purpose of the fuel air ratio controller 31 is to resist the movement of the fuel rack 51 during acceleration and to coordinate movement of the fuel rack 51 with the amount of air available in the intake manifold (not shown) .
• the construction and operation of the fuel air ratio controller is described in the U.S. patents to Miller and Little cited above.
• the regulator 7 controls the fluid pressure in the controlled air conduit 29 as a function of the rotation of the speed input shaft 8.
• the speed input shaft is operatively connected to the crankshaft of an -8-
• the regulator is connected to a source of fluid pressure such as the intake manifold of a turbocharged engine via the supply conduit 26.
• the regulator is also vented to the atmosphere through the vent conduit 28.
• the engine turns the speed input shaft 8 at a multiple of the crankshaft speed. If the input shaft 8 increases in speed, the fly-weights 17 tend to move outward away from the axis of rotation and thus the toes 18 tend to move the spool valve 21a in an upward direction via the actuator member 19. This upward motion tends to connect the fluid pressure in conduit 26 to the controlled air conduit 29 via the lower relieved portion 23 of the spool valve.
• the pressure in conduit 29 increases, the pressure in the cavity 34 under the cover 35 increases via passage 38 and tends to force the top of the spool valve in a downward direction against the upward force of the fly-weights.
• the pressure in conduit 29 is increased until the control land 24 again covers the controlled air conduit 29.
• a balanced condition results with a predetermined pressure in conduit 29 and with the fly-weight force exactly opposing the spring and output pressure forces.
• relieved portion 22 of the spool valve and the vent conduit 28 .
• This -venting lowers the force on the top of the spool valve and tends to permit the spool valve to move upward.
• the pressure in conduit 29 is thereby decreased until the control land 24 again covers the controlled air conduit and the opposing forces are balanced.
• the regulator 7 through the predetermined pressure in conduit 29 controls the pressure in the upper chamber 45 of the fuel air ratio controller 31.
• This controller controls the position of the fuel rack 51 which regulates the amount of fuel delivery per pump stroke to the cylinders of the engine (not shown) .
• the bolt 49 permits a larger amount of fuel delivery to the cylinders. The opposite occurs when the pressure in the upper chamber is decreased.
• the fuel pump (not shown) automatically increases the delivery of fuel to the cylinder.
• This increase in fuel delivery is a function of the change of efficiency of the fuel pump as the engine speed decreases.
• the speed input shaft 8 turns at a slower speed. This slower speed decreases the fly-weight force and along with the pressure in the passage 38 causes the spool valve to move downward. This vents a portion of the air pressure in the upper chamber 45 out to the atmosphere through the vent conduit 28.
• the diaphragm 47 in turn moves the rack 51 to reduce the amount of fuel delivery.
• Fig. 2 illustrates the performance curves -10-
• Graph 56 is the curve of torque (brake mean effective pressure in kPa or psi) vs. engine speed (rpm).
• Graph 57 illustrates the production of smoke vs. engine speed, and graph 58 illustrates the position of the fuel rack with respect to engine speed. In graph 58 zero indicates the center of the travel of the rack and the graph has an abscissa of plus or minus (.254 cm) (0.10 inches) either side of center.
• Point A indicates the high idle position where at 2200 rpm there is no load on the engine.
• Point B is the balance point where maximum horsepower is developed at the rated speed of the engine.
• This curve is fixed by the number, mass, and geometry of the fly-weights and the area of the top of the spool valve 21a.
• the position of this curve 65 crosses along the horizontal axis is controlled by the spring 40. That is to say, the spring controls the speed at which Point C occurs which is the point at which the regulated fuel rack curve 65 crosses the fixed rack lug curve. For example, if the compression on the spring is increased, starred curves 56', 57" and 65' are produced. Thus, it can be seen that by adjusting the compression of the spring, the maximum elevation in torque and the net production of smoke can be controlled by the apparatus described herein.
• the present invention controls the generation of smoke and limits the rise in engine torque by pulling the fuel rack back when the engine lugs. Stability of the system and reliable -12-
• perfor ance are obtained by utilizing the spool valve 21a, the actuator -member (19) and the spring 40.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High-Pressure Fuel Injection Pump Control (AREA)
• Safety Valves (AREA)
• Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

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Citations (9)

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• 1980
  • 1980-09-11 WO PCT/US1980/001168 patent/WO1982001036A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1980-09-11 BR BR8009105A patent/BR8009105A/pt unknown
  • 1980-09-11 DE DE8181901007T patent/DE3069956D1/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-09-11 EP EP81901007A patent/EP0060244B1/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-09-11 JP JP56501510A patent/JPH0321731B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1981
  • 1981-05-13 CA CA000377469A patent/CA1153648A/en not_active Expired
  • 1981-08-13 BE BE0/205668A patent/BE889962A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (9)

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