WO1982000949A1 - Dispositif de mesure de pression absolue, de frequence du pouls et de temperature - Google Patents

Dispositif de mesure de pression absolue, de frequence du pouls et de temperature Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1982000949A1
WO1982000949A1 PCT/BR1981/000008 BR8100008W WO8200949A1 WO 1982000949 A1 WO1982000949 A1 WO 1982000949A1 BR 8100008 W BR8100008 W BR 8100008W WO 8200949 A1 WO8200949 A1 WO 8200949A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
temperature
pulse rate
signals
display
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BR1981/000008
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
A Carvalho
Original Assignee
A Carvalho
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by A Carvalho filed Critical A Carvalho
Priority to AU76419/81A priority Critical patent/AU7641981A/en
Publication of WO1982000949A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982000949A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a device which is able to con tinuosly measure absolute pressure, pulse rate and tempera ture.
  • the device basically consists of a mechanical system coupled to transducers which in turn are coupled to an electronic system which is able to convert the results of measurements to digits and/or ghaphics and which can also contain audio or light signals.
  • the meter is mainly intended to meas ure phisiological parameters.
  • the measurements of blood pressure are usually taken with the use of a cuff (pressure chamber) fitted to the person's body.
  • a cuff pressure chamber
  • This pressure value corresponds to the so-called maximum pressure or systolic pressure.
  • the pressure in the chamber (cuff) is further reduced, there is a value of the pressure for which the pulses, which are the heart pulses, are not felt any more in the cuff.
  • This value corresponds to the so-called minimum pressure or diastolic pressure. It is noted here that all the pressure pulses, which correspond to the heart pulses, are naturally transmitted by the body to the cuff under the form of small pressure variations.
  • Pmax systolic
  • Pmin diastolic
  • Pmax and Pmin mechanical manometers which are calibrated, for example, in units of mm Hg.
  • the determination of Pmax and Pmin could ideally be made directly through the respective determination of the appearance and disappearance of the pressure pulses of the air in the cuff. However due to the inertia and intrinsic mechanical inaccuracies of the manometers these determinations have not yet been made possible with enough precision.
  • the pulses, felt between Pmax and Pmin, which correspond to the heart pulse rate can, sometimes, be sensed as small oscil lations, of aproximately 2 mm Hg of the manometer pointer.
  • the respective values of Pmax and Pmin are then, usually, determined by observation of the pressure values indicated in the manometer when, with the aid of an stethoscope, one feels the begining and the end of the flow of blood in the artery under the cuff's pressure.
  • the counting of the heart beat is also usually taken by the auscultation of the pulses in an artery with an stethoscope and with the use of a timer.
  • pressure pulse rate is also usually taken by the auscultation of the pulses in an artery with an stethoscope and with the use of a timer.
  • Such systems are said to detect the appearing and desappearing of sound signals (korotkov sounds) and so determine, indirectly, Pmax and Pmin.
  • Those systems however, also have serious difficulties, ranging from the need to filter and choose which sounds are the correct ones to the taken into account, because other sounds can interfer, till individual problems whereby there exists, for somehuss, an absence of such sounds in a certain pressure interval.
  • the proposed electromechanical devices besides difficulties such as those decribed above, generally sacrifice time or accuracy and in general are not proposed to execute simultaneously the diverse measurements of the phisiological parameters necessary in the usual clinical examinations, such as pressure, pulse rate and temperature. It is an objective of the present invention to make possible the simultaneous measurement of pressure, pulse rate and tem perature . It is also the objective of the present invention to make possible the construction of a compact mechanical- electronic device, optionally portable, which allows the measurements of pressure, pulse rate and temperature, with greater accuracy and speed than the conventional systems. The accuracy and speed in the measurements is the result not only of the electronic circuit used but also as a result of simplicity of the interfaceholder/meter and of the working principle of the instrument.
  • the /instrument interface to measure pressure (including systolic and diastolic) and also to count pulse rate, consists in the conventional cuff ( pressure chamber) with a pressure pump and air scape valve, which is connected to the box of the meter only through a flexible tube.
  • cuff pressure chamber
  • pressure pump and air scape valve which is connected to the box of the meter only through a flexible tube.
  • Such an interface is practical and traditional, facilitating the operations of measurements of pressure and pulse rate with the proposed meter.
  • the operator can even take this interface (cuff and pump) from his conventional mechanical manometer, and cou ⁇ le it directly to the meter box, proposed here, and also vice-versa - this represents versatility and economy.
  • the fragile part of the device,such as transducers and electronic part is contained within the rigid meter box and not in the interface, and this represents less risk of damages during usage.
  • Such interface also allows measurements of pressure variations directly in the pressure/ pulse transducer (or transducers), which is located in the rigid body of the instrument and which is connected to the cuff only through the flexible tube. In this way, one avoids the need to find the appropriate location of a microphone over the artery, as needed in systems which intend to sense pulse through the presence or absence of sound signals, and one also avoids possible damage to transducers due to the handling of the cuff.
  • the present system allows for minimum variations of pressure communicated to the inflated cuff, to be directly transmitted to the pressure/pulse transducer, which will be described later on.
  • the measurements of pressure are taken in a direct way,contrary to what occurs with systems which propose such measurements through the indirect detection of pulses using,for instance, sound signals.
  • the pulse rate measurements are also taken directly in the transducer.
  • the measurements of temperature are rapidly taken, in any part of the body, as the temperature transducer, of low heat capacity and of small dimensions is placed in a small housing of high thermal conductivity and is connected to the meter box through a flexible cable.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to take a set of measurements of the parameters of interest (pressure, pulse rate and temperature), to be stored in electronic memories for later usage, such as in statistical averages and in the observation of the evolution of a department or other system under observation.
  • parameters of interest pressure, pulse rate and temperature
  • a further objective of the present invention is to present the results of measurements of the diverse parameters in a way that allows a better visualization than the conventional sys terns.
  • the results can be displayed in the form of numer ical digits, and/or in an analogical form through graphics in paper or TV tube (cathode ray), and the display can also include light and audio signals to indicate preselected levels reached by pressure/temperature or to indicate the existence of pulse signals or still as alarm signals.
  • the present system is compact and eliminates the need of the diverse meters tradi ⁇ ionally used to measure pressure, pulse rate and temperature, which are: manometer, stethoscope,timer and the Hg thermometer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation, for medical use, of the proposed device, in a block diagram form, and where the mechanical-electronic sensor-transducer proposed for pressure/pulse measurements is indicated by numbers (1) and (10).
  • the figure 2 represents in. a more detailed schematic diagram the amplifier circuir shown as block (2) in figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is. a schematic diagram of the analog-digital converter shown as block (3) in figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a more detailed diagram of the filter circuit, shown in figure 1 as block (5), and its connection to the counter circuit.
  • Figure 5 shows a diagram of the counter circuit shown as block (6) in figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of one of the basic arrangements proposed for measuring temperature.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of an alternative proposed arrangement for measuring temperature, where the transducer is a diode.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, schematically and for medical use, the proposed device in a block diagram form.
  • the measurements of pressure and pulse rate are taken as follows: the pump (14), manually driven, fills up the pressure chamber (cuff) (12) which is in contact with the person's body under examination, and deforms the diaphragm (10). Above a certain value of pressure in the cuff the flux of arterial blood is interrupted and the pulses due to the heart beat disappear in that part of the body. As a gradual reduction of pressure in the cuff is made, through the valve in the pump, a value of pressure is reached in which the blood starts to flow again in the artery in a pulsed way.
  • the detector-transducer system (10 and 1 - Fig. 1) is located inside the rigid box of the device and consists of a transducer (1) and a diaphragm (10) which is airtight when externally connected to the the cuff through the flexible connector tube.
  • the diaphragm may have several configurations with the basic requirement that it be elastic and easily deformable and that this deformation be specinicated to the deformation transducer which will generate the electrical signals which will then be amplified and appropriately processed in the electronic circuit.
  • the deformation transducer (1) can be connected diretly to the diaphragm, as for example, a strain-gauge glued to the elastic circular and smooth plate of the diaphragm.
  • Another example of a configuration that gives good results is obtained- by connecting the deformation transducer to a flexible rectangular metallic plate, anchored to the structure of the meter by one or by both ends, and such that the diaphragm can through direct contact, communicate the pulses of the cuff to the flexible plate.
  • this sensor-transducer Due to the design and geometry of this sensor-transducer, the mechanical effect of the pulses in the cuff is amplified and directly applied to the deformation transducer (1) itself, in the case of measurements of pressure/ pulse rate. Optionally one can use one transducer for pressure and another for pulse rate.
  • the arrangements of the sensor-transducer setup can have configurations dif ferent from the basic one described above and other deformation transducers, besides the strain-gauges, cited above, can be used, as for example, piezoelectric crystals or differential transformers (LVDT).
  • LVDT differential transformers
  • the amplifier, block (2) of fig.1, shown in greater detail in Fig. 2, consists in an operational amplifier of very high gain and high sensibility, which is able to amplify signals corresponding to pressure variations with val ues below 0.1 mmHg when coupled to the sensor-transducer (10,1) described above.
  • a pressure value is on the order of 20 times more accurate than the clinical (aneroid) pressure gauges. This result allows determinations of systolic and diastolic pressures with much greater accuracy than with conventional meters and enlarges the difference between those two values ofpressure.
  • the systolic pressure (Pmax) corresponds to the pressure value displayed in the display (4) when the pulse signals start after decreasing the pressure in the cuff (12) from the value where there is oclusion of the flux of arterial blood. This starting of the pulses is indicated by light and/or audio signals, as said before.
  • the diastolic pressure (Pmin) corresponds to the pressure value registered in the display (4) when these pulses disappear which is accompanied by the disappearance of the light and/or audio signals which indicate these pressure pulses.
  • the pulse rate counting is made as follows.
  • the pressure variations in the cuff which appear as mechanical oscillations in the diaphragm (10) and transducer (1) coupled to it, are continuously monitored by the circuits of: filter (A), shaper (B) and counter (C), as is shown in fig. 4 which shows block (5) of Fig. 1 in detail.
  • the filter circuit separates the pulse signals from noise to avoid false values of oscillations to be registered.
  • This circuit consists of a filter (A) tuned at low frequencies on the order of 1 Hz.
  • the shaper circuit (B) permits only signals in form of digital pulses to be sent to the counter (C).
  • Counter (6) (fig.1), represented by (C) in Fig. 4, is shown in detail in Fig. 5, and consists of 3 decades (BCD) and its corresponding BCD/7 segment converters, which send to the display (4), (LED or LCD, for example), the values stored in the counter, in a preselected time interval, which is given by the timing and control circuit (Fig. 5).
  • the timing and control circuit (Fig. 5) is responsible for the generation of the pulses which control the interval of time for the counting/sampling of the pulse rate (heart beat).
  • the time intervals can be chosen according to the required accuracy, for example 15,30 or 60 seconds.
  • a multiplier circuit (D) Fig. 4 of respectively, 4 or 2 times, connects the shaper (B) to the counter (C), as in Fig. 4.
  • the measurements of temperatures are taken with the temperature transducer (7), which can be placed in contact with the body under examination through a flexible cable which allows temperatures of any part of the body to be taken easily.
  • the sensor-transducer (7) acts as an active element in an digital oscillator (8), shown in Fig. 6. Small variations in the temperature under observation cause variations in the RLC parameters of the transducer, causing thereby variations in the oscillator frequency.
  • the oscillator (8) in tuned so as to make possible measurements of temperature in the 15 to 50 C range, with an accuracy of 0.1°C.
  • the frequency divider (9) matchs the oscil lator frequency to the requirements of counter (6) so as to show the correct values of temperature in the display (4).
  • the temperature transducer (7) of Fig. 1 for example a diode of low heat capacity, sends voltage signals through a flexible cable, as described above, to an analog comparator which subtracts these signals from a reference value for scale adjustment.
  • the output of the comparator is connected to an amplifier capable of transmitting to the analog-digital converter (3) the signal at an adequate level. As previously described the converter sends the results of the measurements to the display (4).
  • RAM Electronic memories
  • ⁇ VPROM Electronic memories
  • EEPROM Electronic memories
  • ADM direct access to the memory
  • This enables the system to perform programmed tasks as for example, automatic registration of systolic and diastolic pressures through a system fed in closed loop.
  • Critical values of pressure, pulse and temperature can also be indicated by sound and/or light alarm signals, which is very useful in surgical monitoring.
  • This also makes possible the interpolation and extrapolation of values of pressure, pulse rate and temperature to follow the clinical evolution of s.
  • the pressure and temperature meters can be used in industry and scientific instrumentation, where accurate and fast measurements of these parameters are needed. For non medical use it suffices to modify the already described interface between the device with the object of the measurement.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)

Abstract

Dispositif permettant de mesurer, d'une maniere directe, les parametres relatifs a la pression (notamment les valeurs des pressions systolique et diastolique), la frequence du pouls et la temperature. Les mesures directes de la pression et de la frequence du pouls sont effectuees au moyen de la transmission des impulsions de pression depuis un manchon (chambre de pression) (12) a un transducteur mecanique-electronique (1), et la mesure de temperature peut etre effectuee dans toute partie du corps a l'examen au moyen d'un transducteur de temperature (7). Le systeme peut comprendre des memoires electroniques. Les resultats des mesures sont plus precis et sont obtenus plus rapidement qu'avec les systemes traditionnels et sont affiches sous forme numerique ou graphique. Un tel affichage (4) contient aussi des signaux lumineux et/ou sonores, servant a indiquer l'existence de signaux de pulsations, ou en tant que signaux d'alarme relatifs a des valeurs critiques choisies des parametres mesures. Le dispositif est compact, d'une utilisation pratique et les mesures peuvent etre effectuees simultanement.
PCT/BR1981/000008 1980-09-24 1981-09-24 Dispositif de mesure de pression absolue, de frequence du pouls et de temperature WO1982000949A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU76419/81A AU7641981A (en) 1980-09-24 1981-09-24 Absolute pressure, pulse rate and temperature meter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8006110800924 1980-09-24
BR8006110A BR8006110A (pt) 1980-09-24 1980-09-24 Medidor de pressao absoluta,pulsacao e temperatura

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982000949A1 true WO1982000949A1 (fr) 1982-04-01

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ID=4023838

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BR1981/000008 WO1982000949A1 (fr) 1980-09-24 1981-09-24 Dispositif de mesure de pression absolue, de frequence du pouls et de temperature

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0060876A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS57501764A (fr)
BR (1) BR8006110A (fr)
WO (1) WO1982000949A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100238192A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2010-09-23 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Biological information trend display device and method thereof

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996928A (en) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-14 Marx Alvin J Patient vital-signs automated measuring apparatus
US4072056A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-02-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Fluid containment structure for transducer system
US4112929A (en) * 1977-07-01 1978-09-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for measuring the blood pressure of a patient
US4116228A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-09-26 United States Surgical Corporation Respiration data acquisition, conversion and display system
US4270547A (en) * 1978-10-03 1981-06-02 University Patents, Inc. Vital signs monitoring system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1337303A (fr) * 1962-06-29 1963-09-13 Leanord Dispositif pour la mesure du rythme cardiaque, de la tension artérielle et autres caractéristiques de l'état d'un patient
US3374461A (en) * 1964-02-25 1968-03-19 Ibm Physiological monitoring system
US4134304A (en) * 1977-07-12 1979-01-16 Tadayoshi Yamamoto Air pressure transducer of diffusion type
US4271844A (en) * 1979-08-06 1981-06-09 Medtek Corporation Method and apparatus for performing non-invasive blood pressure and pulse rate measurements

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3996928A (en) * 1975-05-28 1976-12-14 Marx Alvin J Patient vital-signs automated measuring apparatus
US4116228A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-09-26 United States Surgical Corporation Respiration data acquisition, conversion and display system
US4072056A (en) * 1976-06-28 1978-02-07 Varian Associates, Inc. Fluid containment structure for transducer system
US4112929A (en) * 1977-07-01 1978-09-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for measuring the blood pressure of a patient
US4270547A (en) * 1978-10-03 1981-06-02 University Patents, Inc. Vital signs monitoring system

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0060876A4 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100238192A1 (en) * 2002-08-27 2010-09-23 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Biological information trend display device and method thereof
US8781751B2 (en) * 2002-08-27 2014-07-15 Nihon Kohden Corporation Biological information trend display device and method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8006110A (pt) 1982-06-01
JPS57501764A (fr) 1982-10-07
EP0060876A1 (fr) 1982-09-29
EP0060876A4 (fr) 1985-02-18

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