WO1982000580A1 - Systeme endoscopique - Google Patents

Systeme endoscopique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1982000580A1
WO1982000580A1 PCT/US1980/001145 US8001145W WO8200580A1 WO 1982000580 A1 WO1982000580 A1 WO 1982000580A1 US 8001145 W US8001145 W US 8001145W WO 8200580 A1 WO8200580 A1 WO 8200580A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
eye
light
endoscopic system
lenses
cameras
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1980/001145
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
P Urban
Original Assignee
P Urban
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by P Urban filed Critical P Urban
Priority to EP19810900842 priority Critical patent/EP0058660A1/fr
Priority to AU70729/81A priority patent/AU7072981A/en
Priority to PCT/US1980/001145 priority patent/WO1982000580A1/fr
Publication of WO1982000580A1 publication Critical patent/WO1982000580A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/14—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography
    • A61B3/145—Arrangements specially adapted for eye photography by video means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in general to an endoscopic system, and it more particularly relates to an endoscopic system which is adapted to facilitate greatly the viewing of cavities in the body.
  • an ophthalmoscope is used to view the hollow spherical interior of the inner eye.
  • Such examination is referred to as a fundus or eyegrounds examination and includes the examination of the optic disc, retina, retinal vessels, macula and the choroid.
  • mydriatic solutions are used to dilate the pupil to facilitate the examination.
  • the direct ophthalmoscope is a hand-held instrument which includes a strong light that can be directed into the eye under examination.
  • the light reflected back from the fundus of the eye extends back through a small aperture in the ophthalmoscope to the examiner's eye.
  • the aperture of the instrument is held in close proximity to. the eye of the examiner as well as the eye under examination.
  • a series of lenses usually mounted in a radially-spaced apart manner on a disc are used to focus the reflected light back to the eye of the examiner.
  • the indirect opthalmoscope was developed and includes a convex lens which is held between the ophthalmoscope and the patient's eye under examination.
  • the opthalmoscope ineludes- lenses to accommodate the eye of the observer and is held several centimeters from the eye under examination. The use of the lens enables the examiner to view substantially the entire eyegrounds up to and including the ora serrata.
  • the indirect ophthalmoscope provides lower magnification and produces an inverted image. It is also cumbersome to use since the ophthalmoscope, including the light source, is mounted on the head of the examiner and the lens is held in the hand. Such a device is somewhat difficult to use and requires a great deal of experience before an examining physician acquires the skill necessary to properly use it. Additionally, in both the direct and indirect ophthalmoscope, the examining physician must employ skillful hand-eye coordination to scan the eyegrounds during the examination. At all times, the examining physician must retain the fundus disc in view for orientation purposes, otherwise the physician is unable to know what portion of the eyegrounds is being visualized. Thus, the physician must acquire the necessary skill through repeated use. Additionally, during eye surgery, the use of the hand-held ophthalmoscopes requires difficult manipulations to employ the surgical instruments necessary to perform the surgical procedure as well as viewing the eyegrounds to observe the area in question. Ordinarily, the physician performing surgery on an eye
  • OMPI IPO views the eyegrounds through the ophthalmoscope and then uses the surgical instrument without visualizing the eye- grounds.
  • the physician sets aside the surgical instrument and then views the surgical area by means of the ophthalmoscope, and thus such a procedure is awkward and time consuming. Therefore, it would be desirable to view the eyegrounds without the necessity of holding a part or all of the ophthalmoscope in the hand so that the hands can be freed to use the surgical instruments.
  • Such an ophthalmoscopic system should pro ⁇ vide the examining physician with an image of the retina without requiring the physician to hold in his hands any part of the ophthalmoscopic system so as to free his hands for other activities, such as using surgical instruments during a surgical procedure.
  • Such a new and improved ophthalmoscopic system should also enable the physician to quickly view an image of the eyegrounds under examina-
  • the principal object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved endo ⁇ scopic system, which enables an examining physician to clearly visualize large areas of the. interior of cavities within the body in a convenient manner with little or no need for hand-eye coordination, and which can be used to create an image of the interior of the cavity that can be conveniently photographed for record purposes.
  • Another object of the present invention is to pro ⁇ vide such a new and improved endoscopic system, which can create an image of large areas of the interior of the cav ⁇ ity so that a single photograph can be taken of them for record purposes, and which can facilitate surgical pro ⁇ cedures by eliminating the need for the physician to hold parts of the viewing instrument in the hand while perform- ing the surgical procedure.
  • an endoscopic system which includes a light source for directing at least one light beam toward the interior of the cavity un- der examination to illuminate it and a plurality of lenses for focusing the light reflected back outwardly away there ⁇ from along a plurality of spaced-apart paths in adjacent fields of view.
  • a plurality of spaced-apart camera de ⁇ vices receives the reflected light from the illuminated cavity via corresponding ones of the plurality of paths and produce the adjacent fields of view.
  • ⁇ include closed-circuit color television cameras which are connected electrically to a plurality of color tele ⁇ vision receivers having their video display screens positioned adjacent to one another to provide a co po- site image of the cavity under examination.
  • Such image can be readily photographed by, for example, an instant still camera which can provide a photograph of the com ⁇ posite image in a short time for record purposes.
  • the television cameras can also be connected into a closed-circuit television system of a teaching* institu ⁇ tion or a hospital so that the composite image of the cavity can be viewed remotely for education purposes.
  • the composite image can be transmitted over tele ⁇ phone lines or the like to remote locations for diagno- sis by specialists.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the endoscopic system, which is constructed in accordance with the pres ⁇ ent invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational view of the input device for the system of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a horizontal cross-sectional partly schematic view of a human eye under examination by the system of FIG. 1, the veins and arteries of the eye not being shown for illustration purposes.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown an endoscopic system 10, which is constructed in accordance with the present invention, and which is in the form of an ophthalmoscopic system adapted to examine an eye 12. While the system 10 is shown and described to be an ophtalmoscopic system, it will become apparent to those skilled in the art that the system 10 may be used for facilitating the examination of various differ ⁇ ent cavities of the body, such cavities including the bladder, the inner ear and the like.
  • the sys ⁇ tem 10 is positioned in front of a pupil 16 formed by a dilated iris 17 of the eye 12 for viewing through a lens 18 of the eye 12 its retina 20 as well as the veins (not shown) and arteries (not shown) extending from a central retinal vein 22 and a central retinal artery 24 of the optic disc 25 at the rearmost portion of the spheri ⁇ cal retina 20 extending forwardly to the ora serrata 27.
  • the system 10 generally comprises a light emitt- ing and receiving device 29, which is positioned in close proximity in front of the cornea 14 of the eye 12.
  • the device 29 may be mounted on a stand (not shown), and the ' patient places his chin on a chin rest (not shown) and his forehead or eyebrow against a frame (not shown) to position the eye 12 in proper relationship during the course of the examination. It will become ap ⁇ parent to those skilled in the art that similar stands (not shown) for the device 29 may also be employed during surgery when the patient is reclining for the proper po- sitioning of the device 29 relative to the eye under ex ⁇ amination.
  • a group of fiber optic strands 31 are supported at their forward ends in a spaced-apart manner by the de ⁇ vice 29 and extend to a light source 32 to direct a plu- rality of beams of light from the device 29 through the pupil 16 into the inner cavity of the eye 12 for illumin ⁇ ating it.
  • a group 33 of fiber optic strands are support ⁇ ed at the forward ones of their ends in a spaced-apart manner by the device 29 for receiving the reflected light from the retina 20 and guiding it from the rear ends thereof to a series of five lens discs 35, 37, 39, 42
  • Each one of the rear lens discs has a series of lenses for magnifying the light emitted from the rear ends of the group 33 of fiber optic strands and focus ⁇ ing them on a group of five closed-circuit color tele- vision cameras 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54.
  • a group of cables 56 interconnect electrically the five color television cameras with a color television receiver apparatus 58 having a series of five adjacent picture tubes 61, 63, 65, 67 and 69 arranged with their faces in a closely spaced contiguous cross-shaped manner as show_ ⁇ in.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings to form a composite image of the retina 20 of the eye 12, the picture tubes being controlled by individual conventional circuitry (not shown) .
  • the device 29 is positioned immediately in front of and in a closely-spaced manner relative to the cornea 14 of the eye 12, the pupil 16 having been previously dilated for examination purposes.
  • the light source 32 is then illuminated to direct light via the fiber optic strands 31 and from the forward ends there- of at the device 29 and from there through the dilated pupil 16 and into the inner cavity of the eye 12 for illuminating its retina 20.
  • Light reflected back from the retina 20 is directed to the forward entrance ends of the group 33 of fiber optic strands and is guided by them individually from their exit ends to the lens discs.
  • the light emitted from the group 33 of fiber optic strands is magnified by the small lenses of the lens disc to focus the light on the lens systems 46A, 48A, 50A, 52A, and 54A of the corresponding closed-cir- cuit color television cameras 46, 48, 50, 52 and 54.
  • the picture tubes respond to their television receiver circuits (not shown) which in turn respond individual ⁇ ly to the outputs from the cameras to reproduce elec ⁇ trically a composite image of substantially all of the retina 20 extending to the ora serrata 27.
  • electrical signals are transmitted from the five television cameras via the group of cables 56 to the television receiver apparatus 58 to reproduce visually the five composite images via the five tele- vision picture tubes 61, 63, 65, 67 and 69.
  • the lens discs are rotated individually to properly focus the portions of the images of the retina onto the individual lens systems of the five cameras.
  • the examining physician can then visualize sub ⁇ stantially all of the retina 20 and can take a photo ⁇ graph with a still camera (not shown) of the faces of the picture tubes of the television receiver apparatus 58 for record purposes, or video tape record a surgical procedure.
  • the group 31 of fiber optic strands comprise four fiber optic strands 71, 73, 75 and 77 which extend between the light source 32 and ' dish-shaped support member 79 of the device 29. As best seen in FIG. 2 of the drawings, the exit-ends of the strands extend through a series of spaced-apart circular holes 71A, 73A, 75A, and 77A, respectively, arranged in a circle and are disposed flush with the forward concave face of the support mem- ber 79.
  • the group 31 of fibre optic strands are fixed within their holes by any suitable technique, such as applying a suitable adhesive, force fit or the like.
  • the support member 79 positions the exit ends of the group 31 of strands in a spaced-apart manner and directs the light emitted therefrom in a uniformly distributed manner for better illumination of the cavity of the eye.
  • the group 33 of fiber optic strands comprise five fiber optic strands 81, 83, 85, 87 and 89 which have their entrance ends fixed within and extending through a series of circular holes 81A, 83A, 85A and 87A respectively disposed within the dish-shaped support member 70 as best seen in FIG. 2 of the drawings for properly positioning them relative to the eye 12 in a manner similar to the group 31 of strands.
  • the exit end of the strand 81 is positioned in a flush manner on the concave front face of the member 79 near the top thereof, and the exit ends of the strands 83 and 87 are disposed at the left and right, respective ⁇ ly, of the front concave face of the member 79 when viewing the member from the front thereof as shown in FIG. 2, and are mounted in place in a similar manner as the end of the strand 81.
  • the exit end of the strand 85 is similarly mounted and is positioned at the geometric center of the member 79.
  • the exit end of the strand 89 is also similarly mounted and is disposed directly below the exit end of the strand 85.
  • the reflected light from the retina 20 is picked up from different aspects of the retina 20.
  • the exit ends of the strands of the group 33 are posi ⁇ tioned opposite the lens disc which can be sufficiently spaced apart to conveniently accommodate the television cameras and have them sufficiently remote from the patient and yet enable the examining physician or some ⁇ one else in attendance to operate the lens disc for focusing purposes.
  • a plurality of closely spaced con ⁇ duits for the reflected light are- provided to guide the reflected light away from the cavity under inspection to a convenient remote location.
  • the five images are each
  • the center picture tube 65 visualizes the optic disc 25 for reference purposes, and the other four picture tubes visualize the contig- uous areas so that the orientation of the observer is obviated. There is no need to continuously visualize the optic disc for orientation purposes as is the prac ⁇ tice with the prior known ophthalmoscopes, since the central picture tube 65 displays an image of the optic disc 25 and the other picture tubes display ⁇ contig ⁇ uous areas so that, for example, the observer can visualize conveniently the veins (not shown) and arteries (not shown) starting at the image of the disc 25 displayed by the center tube 65 and following them to the image in a contiguous picture tube. Since the images are overlapping, the observer can readily see where the vein or artery of interest is repeated in the adjacent image.
  • the central light receiving fiber optic strand 85 of the group 33 has its entrance end 85A positioned with its axis 92 directed toward a point 94 for a field of view 95 at the central portion of the fundus of the retina.
  • the entrance end 83A of the fiber optic strand 83 has its axis 96 extending to a point 98 at the center of a field of view 99 at the left-hand portion (temple) of the retina.
  • the entrance end 87A of the strand 87 has its axis 100 directed to a point 102 of a field of view 103 at the right-hand portion (nasal portion) of the retina. It should be noted that the entrance end 87A of the strand 87 is disposed at the lef side of the member 79 and the entrance end 83A of the strand 83 is disposed at the right side of the member 79 so that the two axes 96 and 100 cross one another and extend through the pupil 16 and the lens 18.
  • the entrance end 81A of the upper strand 81 is aligned along a downwardly sloping axis 108 to a point 111 within a field of view 112 at the.lowe.r- or ⁇ tion of the retina.
  • the exit end 89A of the lower strand 89 is directed along an upwardly inclined axis (not shown) to a point (not shown) at the upper portion (not shown) of the retina.
  • the five light receiving strands receive light from five overlapping fields of view.
  • the central field of view 95 overlaps at 113 with the lower field of view 112.
  • the lower field of view 112 overlaps at 115 with the right field of view 103.
  • the lower field of view 112 overlaps with the left field of view 99.
  • the central field of view overlaps at 119 with the right field of view 103.
  • the central field of view 95 overlaps with the left field of view 99.
  • the upper field of view similarly overlaps with the contiguous fields of view in a similar manner as the lower field 112 over ⁇ laps with the central, left and right fields of view. It should be noted that it is preferred to have a field of view overlap with its contiguous fields only.
  • the overlapping area 113 between the fields 95 and 112 does not overlap with either the fields 99 or 103. In this manner, the focusing of the lens system is greatly simplified. At the overlapping areas, a binocular effect is achieved, and thus a three-dimensional aspect image is realized by the viewer.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Abstract

Les ophtalmoscopes utilises couramment requierent en general une certaine habilete dans la coordination main-oeil afin de permettre une visualisation correcte de l'interieur de l'oeil. Ce probleme a ete resolu par la realisation d'un systeme endoscopique servant a examiner les cavites du corps, y compris l'oeil, possedant une source de lumiere (32) servant a diriger au moins un rayon de lumiere vers la cavite a examiner pour l'eclairer, et une pluralite de lentilles (35, 37, 39, 42, 44) servant a focaliser la lumiere reflechie vers l'exterieur par la cavite le long d'une pluralite de chemins espaces (81, 83, 85, 87, 89) dans des champs de vision adjacents. Une pluralite de cameras espacees (46, 48, 50, 52, 54) recoivent la lumiere reflechie depuis la cavite par les chemins correspondants dans la pluralite de chemins. Cette information est ensuite utilisee pour former une image composite (58) de l'interieur de la cavite.
PCT/US1980/001145 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Systeme endoscopique WO1982000580A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19810900842 EP0058660A1 (fr) 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Systeme endoscopique
AU70729/81A AU7072981A (en) 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Endoscopic system
PCT/US1980/001145 WO1982000580A1 (fr) 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Systeme endoscopique

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
WOUS80/01145800827 1980-08-27
PCT/US1980/001145 WO1982000580A1 (fr) 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Systeme endoscopique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1982000580A1 true WO1982000580A1 (fr) 1982-03-04

Family

ID=22154523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1980/001145 WO1982000580A1 (fr) 1980-08-27 1980-08-27 Systeme endoscopique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0058660A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU7072981A (fr)
WO (1) WO1982000580A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393165A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-10-24 Martin Russell Harris Microscope a balayage a foyer commun.
EP1992277A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-19 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Dispositif optique et procédé d'acquisition d'images des structures oculaires

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE885770C (de) * 1949-12-13 1953-08-06 Josef Brunnhoelzl Dr Jun Fernseh-Endoskop
US3327712A (en) * 1961-09-15 1967-06-27 Ira H Kaufman Photocoagulation type fiber optical surgical device
US3492419A (en) * 1966-07-15 1970-01-27 Miroslav Bartonik Multiple image television system
US3542948A (en) * 1968-04-17 1970-11-24 Us Navy Panoramic display system
US3655259A (en) * 1968-08-24 1972-04-11 Nippon Selfoc Co Ltd Streoscopic microscope with graded index fiber objective lenses
US3821732A (en) * 1970-05-18 1974-06-28 R Romney Apparatus and method for producing commutating and transmitting optical and electronic signals
US3944341A (en) * 1972-09-25 1976-03-16 Retina Foundation Wide-angle ophthalmoscope and fundus camera
US4058831A (en) * 1976-09-08 1977-11-15 Lectrolarm Custom Systems, Inc. Panoramic camera scanning system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE885770C (de) * 1949-12-13 1953-08-06 Josef Brunnhoelzl Dr Jun Fernseh-Endoskop
US3327712A (en) * 1961-09-15 1967-06-27 Ira H Kaufman Photocoagulation type fiber optical surgical device
US3492419A (en) * 1966-07-15 1970-01-27 Miroslav Bartonik Multiple image television system
US3542948A (en) * 1968-04-17 1970-11-24 Us Navy Panoramic display system
US3655259A (en) * 1968-08-24 1972-04-11 Nippon Selfoc Co Ltd Streoscopic microscope with graded index fiber objective lenses
US3821732A (en) * 1970-05-18 1974-06-28 R Romney Apparatus and method for producing commutating and transmitting optical and electronic signals
US3944341A (en) * 1972-09-25 1976-03-16 Retina Foundation Wide-angle ophthalmoscope and fundus camera
US4058831A (en) * 1976-09-08 1977-11-15 Lectrolarm Custom Systems, Inc. Panoramic camera scanning system

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Medical and Biological Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1 pp 101-103, Pergamon Press, 1972 (Great Britain), K.S. RUTLEY, 'An Eye-Mark Camera for use in Driver Behaviour Studies *
Philips Technical Review, Vol. 35, No. 6, p. 166-169, 1975 (The Netherlands), J. PERILHOU, 'An Experimental Endoscope with Miniture Television Camera' *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0393165A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-10-24 Martin Russell Harris Microscope a balayage a foyer commun.
EP0393165B1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1997-09-24 Optiscan Pty Ltd Endoscope a balayage a foyer commun
EP1992277A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-19 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Dispositif optique et procédé d'acquisition d'images des structures oculaires

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7072981A (en) 1982-03-17
EP0058660A1 (fr) 1982-09-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4259948A (en) Endoscopic system
US9895057B2 (en) Functional vision testing using light field displays
US6003991A (en) Eye examination apparatus and method for remote examination of a patient by a health professional
US7338167B2 (en) Retinal imaging system
McDOUGALL et al. Comparison of three-dimensional and two-dimensional laparoscopic video systems
US6350031B1 (en) Electro-optic binocular indirect ophthalmoscope
US6178340B1 (en) Three-dimensional infrared imager for subcutaneous puncture and study of vascular network
US5550602A (en) Apparatus and method for examining visual functions
US6045227A (en) Multi-functional visual testing instrument
US20110273550A1 (en) Meibomian gland observing device
DE10047237A1 (de) System zur Aufnahme des Netzhautreflexbildes
JPH08140991A (ja) 医療用観察装置
CN109758107A (zh) 一种vr视觉功能检查装置
WO2017217884A1 (fr) Dispositif portatif pour étudier les fonctions visuelles
WO2020116669A1 (fr) Dispositif de nystagmographie portatif basé sur la réalité virtuelle et procédé de test diagnostique l'utilisant
CN109758108A (zh) 一种ar眼镜式视觉功能检查装置
WO2018010298A1 (fr) Caméra de fond d'oeil et son système optique.
WO1982000580A1 (fr) Systeme endoscopique
JP2017042301A (ja) 眼検査装置
RU2337606C1 (ru) Оптическая система эндоскопа
CN210871524U (zh) 一种双目立体和图像引导眼底相机
Moffitt Ocular responses to monocular and binocular helmet-mounted display configurations
CN210330543U (zh) 一种vr视觉功能检查装置
JP3470980B2 (ja) 眼科装置
Timberlake et al. The direct ophthalmoscope how it works and how to use it

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Designated state(s): AU BR DK JP

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Designated state(s): AT CH DE FR GB NL SE