WO1981002850A1 - Systeme de melange de concentres photographiques - Google Patents

Systeme de melange de concentres photographiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1981002850A1
WO1981002850A1 PCT/US1981/000472 US8100472W WO8102850A1 WO 1981002850 A1 WO1981002850 A1 WO 1981002850A1 US 8100472 W US8100472 W US 8100472W WO 8102850 A1 WO8102850 A1 WO 8102850A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concentrate
liquid
shear
mixing
container
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1981/000472
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R Rumfola
Original Assignee
Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US06/139,519 external-priority patent/US4302113A/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to BR8108311A priority Critical patent/BR8108311A/pt
Publication of WO1981002850A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981002850A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
    • G03C5/264—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof
    • G03C5/266—Supplying of photographic processing chemicals; Preparation or packaging thereof of solutions or concentrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/45—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying using flow mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/47—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying involving high-viscosity liquids, e.g. asphalt
    • B01F23/471—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying involving high-viscosity liquids, e.g. asphalt using a very viscous liquid and a liquid of low viscosity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/23—Mixing by intersecting jets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B01F25/43161—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod composed of consecutive sections of flat pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
    • B01F25/4331—Mixers with bended, curved, coiled, wounded mixing tubes or comprising elements for bending the flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/56—Mixing photosensitive chemicals or photographic base materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for admixing photographic processing concentrates with liquids to form processing solutions, and more specifically for admixing shear-thinnable, processing concentrates having a paste-like consistency.
  • the system comprises a method and apparatus for carrying out the method and a container for use in the method and apparatus.
  • photographic processing solution is intended to include developing solutions, replenisher solutions, starter solutions, and other working photographic solutions. It is well known to supply photographic processing compositions in concentrated form, including liquids, powders, tablets and even pastes and gels, which are diluted with water to form photographic processing solutions. Due perhaps to the simplicity of the dispensing and mixing equipment, liquid concentrates are generally preferred over the other forms of concentrates by professional photofinishers.
  • the liquids are supplied in plastic bottles that are closed by a rupturable membrane and a protective cap. After removing the cap, each bottle is positioned upside-down over a receiving tank where a sharp probe pierces the membrane and releases the liquid. Water is added to dilute the mixture to the proper concentration for a photographic processing solution.
  • liquid concentrates nave been widely accepted, powders have certain advantages, particularly in connection with storage and shipping. Amateur photographers, for example, often prefer the powders for their compact form and long shelf life. Many of the powdered concentrates however are considered difficult to dissolve and dilute. While satisfactory equipment is certainly available for this purpose, it tends to be either bulky or suitable only for small batches, and is not particularly convenient for use by unskilled operators or with high volume automated processing equipment. Additionally, the powders tend to generate dust and spill easily during measuring and mixing.
  • Some of the problems associated with powders can be alleviated by compressing them into tablets.
  • the tablets are not a viable commercial alternative.
  • the tablets cannot incorporate liquids, and many photographic processing compositions are not amenable to tablet formation.
  • Those that are, usually incorporate binding agents which can make dissolution of the tablet difficult and/or cause undesirable sensitometric effects in processing.
  • paste formulations disclosed in the art have inhibited their use. It appears that pastes have been dispensed manually from their supply containers and mixed by manual stirring and similar techniques. For this and other reasons most pastes were relatively soft, and contained an undesirable amount of water. Pastes having reduced amounts of water were considered difficult to dissolve and possessed some of the disadvantages of tablets. It will become apparent from the following description that the present invention overcomes many of these disadvantages of the prior art and provides significant advantages not previously available.
  • a system for admixing photographic processing concentrates having paste-like consistency with diluting fluids to form photographic processing solutions.
  • the concentrates are stiff pseudo plastic pastes that behave in many respects like a solid, but have shear-thinning characteristics which greatly facilitate dispensing of the concentrates so that when shear thinned and then contacted with a diluting liquid under turbulent mixing conditions the concentrates will readily disperse and dissolve to form solutions.
  • the paste-like concentrate is discharged from a container through an orifice to form a flowing stream thinned by shear forces in the orifice.
  • the stream passes through a primary mixing chamber where a diluting liquid is introduced in one or more jets that impinge on the stream with sufficient force to disperse the concentrate and bring about intimate contact between the concentrate and the liquid under turbulent mixing conditions.
  • a mixer having internal stationary baffles is employed to effect secondary mixing and complete the dissolution of the concentrate in the liquid.
  • Fig. 1 is a partially cross-sectioned view of a tube-like container of a photographic processing concentrate.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus for displacing the processing concentrate through an orifice to thin the concentrate with shear forces and for contacting the thinned concentrate with a liquid to bring about intimate contact between the concentrate and the liquid to dissolve the concentrate in the liquid.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of apparatus for admixing a shear-thinnable photographic processing concentrate with a liquid to form a processing solution. Referring to the drawings, a preferred embodiment of a container is depicted in Fig. 1. The container includes a shear-thinnable photographic processing concentrate 11 in a dispenser tube 13 for delivering the concentrate to diluting apparatus 1 5 (Fig. 3).
  • the photographic processing concentrate includes continuous phases and discontinuous phases combined to form a concentrated highly viscous paste having a physical stability much like a solid.
  • the paste is pseudo-plastic and shear thinnable, i.e. its viscosity is substantially reduced when subjected to shearing such as encountered when the concentrate is displaced through a constricting orifice. Under such conditions of high shear, the concentrate behaves hydraulically more like a fluid. It becomes free flowing and, in the manner described hereinafter, can be readily dispersed and dissolved in a liquid such as water. In other words, the concentrate is highly viscous under low shear conditions but has lower viscosity under high shear conditions.
  • the photographic processing concentrate per se is described more fully in commonly-assigned, copending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 139,518 entitled PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSING CONCENTRATES, filed in the names of Richard W. Dillon and David A. Miro.ff.
  • the processing concentrate contains solid and liquid phases.
  • the continuous liquid phases can comprise a single liquid, or two or more liquids. It can be composed solely of water, or solely of one or more organic liquids, or it can be a mixed aqueous-organic system.
  • the solid phases comprise one or more of the ingredients required for a processing concentrate which are normally solid materials.
  • liquid or solid ingredients which are not necessary components of the working strength processing solution can be incorporated in the concentrate when needed, it is frequently the case that the concentrate can be prepared solely from the necessary components of the processing solution, without the need to delete any ingredients that would be used in the prior art system of liquid concentrates nor to add any additional ingredients.
  • formulation of the stable concentrate can be achieved solely by selection of the relative proportions of the ingredients, choice of the particle sizes of the ingredients, and control of the procedure whereby they are combined.
  • VISCOMETER rotational concentric cylinder type
  • the rotor or inner cylinder (radius 1.95 cm., height 5.0 cm.) is rotated at a constant angular acceleration of approximately 5.49 rad/sec to a maximum angular velocity of 115 rad/sec.
  • This rotation imparts an increasing rate of shear (maximum 4549 sec -1 ) to the sample which is contained in the annulus between the inner and outer cylinders (annulus width 0.5 cm.).
  • the torque which is transmitted through the sample to the outer cylinder is measured and used in calculation of apparent viscosity as a function of rate of shear.
  • photographic processing concentrate is used herein to refer to a material used to develop or otherwise process a photographic element, for example, to develop, fix, bleach, harden, stabilize, and the like.
  • processing solutions prepared from the concentrates described herein can be any of the solutions used in processing photographic materials such as, for example, black-and-white developing solutions, color developing solutions, fixing baths, bleaching baths, stabilizing baths, stop baths, nucleating baths, monobaths, bleach-fixes, prehardeners, activators, conditioning baths, toners, neutralizers, and the like.
  • the container 13 is a relatively thin-walled plastic tube having a neck portion 19 including an opening 20 at one end of the tube, and a pressure applying device, such as a movable cup 21, which fits snuggly inside the body of the tube at its other end.
  • a pressure applying device such as a movable cup 21
  • the neck opening Prior to use, the neck opening is closed by a rupturable membrane 23 and a protective cap 25 to render the container impervious to the inward diffusion of atmospheric gases and the outward diffusion of the concentrate.
  • the tube protects the concentrate from deterioration and, as will become apparent from the following description, serves to dispense the concentrate to the diluting apparatus.
  • the cap When the cap is removed and the membrane ruptured the concentrate can be displaced from the tube through the opening 20 by applying a force against cup 21.
  • the tube provides during storage and shipping of the concentrate, it greatly facilitates dispensing of the concentrate directly to the diluting apparatus without use of intermediate holding canisters or the like.
  • the tube also facilitates volumetric dispensing of the concentrate, i.e. it can easily be dispensed from the container in volumetrically metered quantities while still providing a high degree of uniformity of the active ingredients.
  • Photographic processing chemicals must be dissolved in water or other liquid medium in very precise amounts in order to prepare working processing solutions.
  • a photographic concentrate must not only possess features facilitating packaging, transport and storage, but must be capable of being dispensed in such a way as to ensure the necessary precision in the preparation of working processing solutions.
  • volumetrically dispensable a concentrate which has flow properties such that it can be dispensed from a container in a metered amount on a volumetric basis, and which has a high degree of uniformity such that each unit volume dispensed contains essentially the same amount of active agents on a weight basis.
  • a predetermined volume of concentrate with a predetermined volume of liquid, e.g., 100 cubic centimeters of concentrate combined with one liter of water, and consistently obtain the same weight of active agents in the resulting working solution.
  • the dilution ratio employed with the processing concentrate that is, the amount of water or other liquid used to convert the concentrate to a working processing solution, will vary greatly depending on the nature of the photographic element being processed, the processing procedure, and the particular processing formulation involved. In general, the dilution ratio will be in the range of 1 part of concentrate to 8 parts by weight of liquid to 1 part of concentrate to 100 parts by weight of liquid.
  • the opening in the tube is constricted relative to the tube body to permit a reasonably- compact configuration while restricting the cross-sectional area through which the concentrate is dispensed to the diluting apparatus. Additionally, and as will become more apparent from the following description of the diluting apparatus, the walls of the tube need not be sufficiently strong to withstand the forces necessary to displace the concentrate from the tube, since the diluting apparatus can provide additional support.
  • the container is adapted for use with a diluting apparatus including a receptacle 27 for receiving the container a shear thinning area 29 (Fig. 2), a pressure applying mechanism 3JL and one or more mixing chambers 33.
  • the receptacle includes a cylindrical sleeve 35 which. conforms generally to the configuration of the tube (13) and provides additional support so the tube will not distort under the pressure of the concentrate when it is displaced from the tube.
  • the shear thinning area 29 includes an orifice depicted as a cone-shaped nozzle 37, coupled to the neck of the dispensing tube. In this preferred embodiment, the nozzle is intended to replace the protective cap on the tube. It should be understood, however, that the nozzle could be a part of the tube or it could be incorporated into the mixing apparatus. Similarly, the orifice could have other configurations than a nozzle, such as a circular opening of little or no longitudinal dimension.
  • the nozzle configuration has the advantage of increasing the distance over which the processing concentrate is subjected to shearing, and, when the nozzle decreases in cross-section from the base to the tip, the shearing forces can be increased as the concentrate is thinned. Additionally, the tip of the nozzle can be clipped at a location selected to provide the desired final cross-sectional area.
  • a single nozzle design could be used for different processing concentrates having different shear-thinning characteristics. Whatever type of orifice is used, it should function to substantially thin the concentrate so that it leaves the aperture as a flowing stream.
  • the pressure applying mechanism uses water pressure applied against the cup to plastically deform and shear-thin the concentrate while forcing it out of the opening in the neck of the tube through the nozzle. More specifically, cap 41 is clamped to the end of the cylindrical sleeve and engages the end of the tube 13 in a liquid tight seal so the water pressure is applied to the cup through tap hole 43 and water pressure line 45.
  • the mixing chamber 33 actually includes two parts. The first part, a primary mixing chamber 47, has a primary inlet 49 through which the processing concentrate enters and at least one and preferably three secondary inlet jets 51, 53 and 55 for directing a diluting liquid into contact with the concentrate. In Fig.
  • the liquid is directed from the three jets against the center of the shear-thinned processing concentrate, which is dispensed from the end of the nozzle as a flowing stream.
  • the liquid jets impinge on the stream with sufficient force to effect dispersion thereof and to being about intimate contact between the concentrate and the liquid under turbulent mixing conditions.
  • the jets enter the mixing chamber at an angle approximately thirty (30) degrees to the stream of the processing concentrate and are aimed toward its center. Of course other arrangements might also be suitable. For example, the jets could be oriented at ninety (90) degrees and tangential to the stream.
  • the second part of the mixing chamber is a mixer 57 which communicates with the output of the primary mixing chamber (33) and effects secondary mixing to thereby complete the dissolution of the concentrate in the liquid.
  • Mixer 57 has internal stationary baffles and may take the form of that shown in U.S. Patent 4,093,188.
  • the diluted concentrate (now the processing solution) is directed through a hose 59 and into a collecting tank 61. where it is ready for use.
  • the method of the present invention in its preferred embodiment thus includes the steps of shearing a shear-thinnable photographic processing concentrate to thin the concentrate and then contacting the thinned concentrate with a diluting liquid under turbulent mixing conditions to form a photographic processing solution.
  • Shearing is accomplished, for example, by forcing the concentrate through an orifice under pressure to form a flowing stream.
  • the stream is dispersed by one or more liquid jets.
  • the dispersed stream is then repeatedly divided in a mixer having internal stationary baffles to further dissolve the concentrate in the liquid.
  • a premeasured quantity of the concentrate is in the container.
  • the entire contents of the container are then dispensed to the diluting apparatus, which adds a predetermined quantity of the diluting liquid.
  • the addition of the diluting liquid begins preferably simultaneously with the dispensing of the concentrate, and continues for some period after the container is emptied, to ensure that all of the concentrate passes through the mixing chambers to the solution-collecting tank.
  • the processing concentrate can be supplied and used in a manner that possesses the advantages of both powders and liquids.
  • the concentrate Prior to thinning, the concentrate is almost like a solid that resists gravitational displacement or spilling and has excellent shipping and storage characteristics. After thinning, the concentrate is free flowing, moves easily through tubes and conduits and dissolves readily in liquids such as water when subjected to turbulent mixing conditions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)

Abstract

Procede et appareil de melange d'un liquide avec un concentre finement fractionnable (11) d'une composition de procede photographique pour former une solution d'un procede photographique dans laquelle le concentre est raffine par des forces de cisaillement et mis au contact du liquide de dilution dans des conditions de melange turbulent pour dissoudre le concentre dans le liquide et former ainsi les solutions. Le concentre qui ne coule pas et resiste a la deformation dans des conditions de faible cisaillement, est deplace a partir d'un conteneur en forme de tube (13) au travers d'un orifice (37) ou les conditions de fort cisaillement le rendent coulant et forment un courant. Un ou plusieurs jets de liquide (51, 53, 55) sont diriges vers le courant avec une force suffisante pour disperser le concentre dans des conditions de melange turbulent. Un melangeur (57) termine la dissolution du concentre dans le liquide.
PCT/US1981/000472 1980-04-11 1981-04-10 Systeme de melange de concentres photographiques WO1981002850A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR8108311A BR8108311A (pt) 1980-04-11 1981-04-10 Um sitema para mistura de concentrados para processamento fotografico

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13951780A 1980-04-11 1980-04-11
US06/139,519 US4302113A (en) 1980-04-11 1980-04-11 Method and apparatus for admixing photographic processing compositions
US139517 1993-10-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1981002850A1 true WO1981002850A1 (fr) 1981-10-15

Family

ID=26837301

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1981/000472 WO1981002850A1 (fr) 1980-04-11 1981-04-10 Systeme de melange de concentres photographiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0049294A4 (fr)
BR (1) BR8108311A (fr)
FR (1) FR2480450A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1137540B (fr)
WO (1) WO1981002850A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101922535B1 (ko) * 2018-01-05 2018-11-28 사빅 에스케이 넥슬렌 컴퍼니 피티이 엘티디 추가 혼합 유닛을 포함하는 혼합 시스템

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3147955A (en) * 1960-08-15 1964-09-08 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for dispersing finely-divided solids in liquids
US3334657A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-08-08 Smith Adjustable fluid mixing devices
US3728129A (en) * 1971-03-29 1973-04-17 R Sargeant Method for preparing and dispensing aerated drinks
US3868967A (en) * 1973-02-16 1975-03-04 Shropshire Kenneth W Adapter for mixing fluids
US3892389A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-07-01 Bekaert Sa Nv Device and method for injecting liquids into a mixing head
US4093188A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-06-06 Horner Terry A Static mixer and method of mixing fluids

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1278999B (de) * 1964-09-15 1968-10-03 Darwin B Maxson Vorrichtung zum Mischen eines gasfoermigen, fluessigen oder pulverfoermigen Stoffes oder Stoffgemisches in einer Fluessigkeit
JPS5237475A (en) * 1975-09-17 1977-03-23 Electron Fusion Devices Distributing apparatus for measuring viscous material
US4113903A (en) * 1977-05-27 1978-09-12 Polaroid Corporation Method of multilayer coating

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3147955A (en) * 1960-08-15 1964-09-08 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for dispersing finely-divided solids in liquids
US3334657A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-08-08 Smith Adjustable fluid mixing devices
US3728129A (en) * 1971-03-29 1973-04-17 R Sargeant Method for preparing and dispensing aerated drinks
US3892389A (en) * 1972-11-29 1975-07-01 Bekaert Sa Nv Device and method for injecting liquids into a mixing head
US3868967A (en) * 1973-02-16 1975-03-04 Shropshire Kenneth W Adapter for mixing fluids
US4093188A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-06-06 Horner Terry A Static mixer and method of mixing fluids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0049294A4 (fr) 1984-02-03
BR8108311A (pt) 1982-03-09
IT8121079A0 (it) 1981-04-10
IT8121079A1 (it) 1982-10-10
IT1137540B (it) 1986-09-10
EP0049294A1 (fr) 1982-04-14
FR2480450A1 (fr) 1981-10-16

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