WO1981001964A1 - Water dispersions - Google Patents

Water dispersions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1981001964A1
WO1981001964A1 PCT/US1980/000037 US8000037W WO8101964A1 WO 1981001964 A1 WO1981001964 A1 WO 1981001964A1 US 8000037 W US8000037 W US 8000037W WO 8101964 A1 WO8101964 A1 WO 8101964A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preparation
water
active ingredient
weight
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1980/000037
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
J Albanese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHEMSICO Inc
Original Assignee
CHEMSICO Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHEMSICO Inc filed Critical CHEMSICO Inc
Priority to JP55501014A priority Critical patent/JPS57500054A/ja
Priority to BR8009018A priority patent/BR8009018A/pt
Priority to PCT/US1980/000037 priority patent/WO1981001964A1/en
Publication of WO1981001964A1 publication Critical patent/WO1981001964A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09G—POLISHING COMPOSITIONS; SKI WAXES
    • C09G1/00—Polishing compositions
    • C09G1/06—Other polishing compositions
    • C09G1/08—Other polishing compositions based on wax
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/22—Amides or hydrazides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
    • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0004—Preparation of sols
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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Definitions

  • a still further category is constituted of the stain-proofing compounds, especially those formed of telefluoromer resins, wherein expensive and toxic chemicals have been the solvents of choice.
  • the foregoing merely illustrate the exceedingly wide range of preparations which have been to the present time reduced to solutions for coating application and all of which have eschewed the use of water as the carrier. It is recognized that many active ingredients for film formation may be emulsified, but to date emulsion technology has not been satisfactory for providing a continuous film in an efficacious manner. Shortcomings of existing emulsio technology are two-fold: a) Those relating to oil in water have failed because the hydrophobic active ingredients must of necessity be in theoil phase and in this type of emulsion water is the continuous phase.
  • the active ingredients are in the continuous phase by the nature of the present emulsion technology, these active ingredients are altered by the presence of water and/or emulsifiers and their performance is not what would be expected should such have been applied in pure form or in solvent reduction.
  • the active ingredients as applied are altered in appearance from the pre-emulsion state. For instance, active ingredients which have been transparent become pasty or creamy; resultant applications have been disappointing. Exemplary of this would be to prepare a silicone emulsion wherein the silicone would be in the oil or continuous phase and attempt to use this as a mold release.
  • the distribu ⁇ tion of the silicone may be even and continuous in this type of emulsion the presence of the water and/or emulsifiers severely limits the release effect of the silicone. These compounds simply have not worked.
  • the present invention contemplates the development of a water base preparation in the nature of a dispersion which is physically and chemically distinct from traditional emulsions and single phase solutions heretofore used for film or coating formation.
  • the system of the present invention embodies immiscible phases, one of which may be considered a continuous or oil phase, and the other a water phase, with their being a novel dispersal agent for effecting the dispersion of these two phases.
  • water is rendered effective as a carrier for hydrophobic active ingredients as well as for water soluble chemicals; the latter necessarily being also soluble in the continuous phase.
  • preparations of this invention are amenable to application in any conventional manner and thus may be applied upon the preselected surface as by spraying, painting, dipping and the like, but with the resultant film being uninterrupted by any lacunae, pores or geometric formations and with the active ingredient being evenly distributed.
  • cocodiethanolamide from that class of chemicals, which has been heretofore recognized as emulsifiers, possesses certain unexpected and surprising properties when used in a predetermined proportionality in the two phase system of the present invention.
  • This particular cocodiethanolamide is an amber liquid having a congealing point of approximately 6°C. and with a specific gravity at 25%C. of .99.
  • the free or unreacted fatty acid, as lauric, is 3% - 4% maximum and the pH of a 1%
  • OMPI 1P0 dispersion is between 8 and 9, This compound is soluble in alcohols, glycols, ketones, esters, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinate solvents, while also being dispersible in water at low concentrations of 1 to 2%. It is also soluble at higher concentrations and with a 10% solution being quite viscous approximating a gel.
  • cocodiethan amide as referred to and described herein shall be that form of the compound possessing the above-described physica and chemical characteristics.
  • cocodiethanolami in an amount approximating 0.5% by weight of the system or preparation will react with the water phase and the active ingredient phase when it is not in an emulsion to bring about what is generally considered an unstable emulsion, that is, wherein the phases tend to separate, but are capable of being brought into relative stability by agitation, and upon application the phases separate and revert to their constituent components whereby the active ingredient does not produce a continuous film but one which is highly irregular and interrupted, typical of the results obtained to the present time when water base solvents are utilized.
  • the proportionality of the cocodiethanolamide is increased as within the range of immediately above 0.5% to approximately 2.5% by weight, when the active ingredient is initially in an unemulsified condition, a resulting stable emulsion is developed and thus the cocodiethanolamide acts in the expected manner of an emulsifying agent, so that upon dispensing of such a preparation containing such proportionality, a discontinuous broken film may be presented despite the fact that the emulsion is stab In its generally normal state the emulsion gives a visual appearance of a homogeneous, pasty character, consistent with its being considered stable.
  • cocodiethanolamide as used in the aforesaid proportion with the active ingredients of the preparations of this invention, when such active ingredient are initially in an unemulsified condition, serves characteristic function as an emulsifying agent.
  • the preferred effective range of cocodiethanolamide for preparations of the present invention is 2.5% to 3.5% by weight when the active ingredients are initially in an unemulsified con ⁇ dition.
  • additional amounts up to 10% by weight bring about no diminution in the character and quality of the developed film.
  • the applied coating develops an undesirable thickness of a generally lumpy character so that beyond such limit a continuous, unbroken film is no longer achievable.
  • the systems of the present invention are discussed as being in a non-emulsified state, independent of the cocodiethanolamide.
  • the foregoing clearly comprehends that through the addition of the cocodiethanolamide the various systems transitorily move into an unstable emulsion, then into a stable emulsion as further cocodiethanolamide is added, and then into a dispersion as the requisite energy level is achieved throug the incorporation of a predetermined amount of cocodiethano amide.
  • a requisite amount of energy is manifestly required to achieve the dispersion state attained by the predetermined amount of cocodiethanolamide.
  • the intermediate or transitory unstable and stable states of emulsion also require respective critical energy levels.
  • the present invention teaches that the specific cocodiethanolamide. imparts certain characteristics to water and oil mixtures when used as described and in a quantity requisite to provide the necessary energy to exceed a stable emulsion state as 5 such is determined in accordance with recognized technology. The extreme importance of this unique property is more fully understood when the cocodiethanolamide is added to existing stable or unstable emulsions.
  • cocodiethanolamide to a preparation which contains a stable emulsion is adequate to provide the necessary energy to cause such preparation to take on the unique characteristics of the dispersion of the present invention.
  • cocodiethanolamide provides its unique functions only after the particular emulsion has reached a state of stability.
  • silicone emulsions* which are useful in developing a hard surface polish.
  • Such silicone emulsions are generally stable so that the mere addition of 0,5% by weight of cocodiethanolamide
  • the cocodiethanolamide may be added in an amount up to but not to exceed 10% and the increased amount will provide desired characteristics, such as, for instance, the degree of cohesiveness, and the particular thickness of the resultant film as may be shown, such amounts within the range of 0.5 to 10% by weight of the preparation being easily experimentally determined.
  • Active ingredients adapted for incorporation in preparations of the present invention may be water insoluble and comprehend the active phase of water-base paints commonly referred to as latex paints, exemplary o'f which are acrylic emulsions, vinyl emulsions, vinyl copolymer acetate emulsions, alkyd emulsions and polyurethane emulsions; mold release and lubricating agents, as for instance, silicones, namely the alkyl polysiloxanes and polyorganosiloxanes; lecithin and other soya or animal fat derivatives; stearates, telefluoromers, as Teflon*; also synthetic lubricants, such as butoxylated and ethoxylated glycols; as well as polybutene used for transmission belt dressing, etc.; and various common greases, such as lithium stearate, calcium stearate, petrolatum, aluminum naphthenate, and the like for utilization as lubricant coatings; moreover
  • TEFLON is a trademark of E.I, DuPont De Nemours & Co,, Inc. for tetrafluorethylene resins. waxes, such as carnauba, bayberry and candelilla, as well as the various artificial or synthetic waxes as obtained from distillation of paraffin base petroleum.
  • the foregoin enumerated types and examples of active ingredients for forming constituents of preparations of this invention are not meant to be exhaustive but merely indicative of the comprehensive range of compounds which by virtue of the uniqueness of this invention may now be prepared in water borne systems to provide a. continuous film which was heretofore deemed impossible.
  • compositions are of the type wherein the intended usage or purpose requires an unbroken coating.
  • Other active ingredients suitable for preparations of the present invention are water soluble compounds which, for purposes of illustration only, comprehend: methoxy polyethylene glycols useful for lubricants and ointment bases for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; water soluble resins such as hydroxyethyl celluloses and ethylene copolymers useful for coatings, paints, adhesives, caulking compounds and for textile operations; water soluble herbicides such as paraquat, diethanolamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, diethanolamine salt of 2- (2-methyl-4-chlorophenyox propionic acid; and water soluble alkyl glycols and alkyl esters encompassing butoxylated and ethoxylated groups used for lubrication, hydraulic fluids, and for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.
  • water soluble active ingredients may be incorporated into preparations of this invention by solubilizing them in non-aqueous solvents prior to dispersal. Consequently, these active ingredients will be in the continuous or oil phase upon application. This shows the advantages of this invention for the application of water soluble active ingredients when those active ingredients, as applied in a water solution would bead /*"£. • .up on the surface because of the surface tension of the water and consequently cause uneven distribution.
  • the range of treatments is infinite when it is recognized that such preparations can provide lubrication, mold release, adhesives, sealants, water displacement sprays, wax coatings, polymeric finishes, such as for floors and like surfaces; inks and dyes; asphaltic undercoatings, polyurethane coatings, and paints.
  • the water dispersions of this invention are also readily amenable to the inclusion in the continuous or oil phase of traditional non-aqueous solvents for imparting to the resultant coating specific properties or characteristics, all in accordance with well recognized practice.
  • solvents in relatively small quantities as compared to the water, may be added for such purposes as film leveling, etching of the substrate, providing fragrance, and the like.
  • non-aqueous solvents can be utilized in preparations of this invention for prediluting certain active ingredients so as to make them adaptable to the system.
  • An example of such predilution would be certain insecticides which are solids in their pure chemical form; high viscosity oils or greases that could not be handled in a conventional manner without some dilution.
  • solvents may be utilized in certain instances to protect active ingredients which are prone to hydrolysis from interfacing with the water phase and thus * deteriorating.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons examples of which are benzene, toluene, xylene, commercial solvents which flash at 100° and 150°; aliphatics- a nd aliphatic petroleum napthas, such as heptane, hexane, kerosene, lacquer diluent, napthol spirits, mineral seal oil, mineral spirits, odorless mineral spirits, deodorized kerosene, pentane, petroleum ether, stoddard solvent, textile spirits, VM&P naptha, isoparaffinic hydrocarbons, as well as mixtures and blends thereof.
  • aromatic hydrocarbons examples of which are benzene, toluene, xylene, commercial solvents which flash at 100° and 150°
  • aliphatics- a nd aliphatic petroleum napthas such as heptane, hexane, kerosene, lacquer diluent, napthol spirits, mineral seal oil, mineral
  • chlorinated hydrocarbons among the more commonly used are carbon tetrachloride; 1,1,1-trichlorethane, / - * - * ⁇ ⁇ -RE-A(
  • tetra hydrofuran and 2-nitropropane there may be included tetra hydrofuran and 2-nitropropane.
  • the choice of solvent is made in accordance with well-known considerations, such as, compatibility with the particular active ingredient, etc. Further, it is understood that such solvents may be intermixed or blended to produce a desired resultant characteristic.
  • the blending of heptane and hexane is but illustrative in that a blend of the same would dry somewhat slower than hexane alone but faster than heptane if used alone.
  • Preparations of water dispersions possessing the properties of the present invention have the following general formula:
  • Cocodiethanolamide .05% to 10%
  • a preparation in the nature of a water dispersion for providing a mold release may be formulated as follows:
  • EXAMPLE III The following exemplifies the constitution of a water dispersion of the present invention useful as an insecticide which might be dispersed in any conventional, convenient manner such as by a hand sprayer, bulk sprayer, air gun or the like, and which will develop upon the applied surface a continuous transparent film: ' PERCENT BX WEIGHT ACTIVE INGREDIENT Neopynamin 0. , 2% D-trans-alletrin 0 . . 3% 5 Isopar C* 19 . .5 %
  • the active 10 ingredient although unemulsified, constitutes a solution in a petroleum distillate and with the Isopar C serving as a diluent for the associated two compounds of the active ingredient which have insecticidal properties so as to endow the same with a residual effect.
  • the active 10 ingredient although unemulsified, constitutes a solution in a petroleum distillate and with the Isopar C serving as a diluent for the associated two compounds of the active ingredient which have insecticidal properties so as to endow the same with a residual effect.
  • This example sets forth a formula for a clear transpar paint illustrating a formula which comprehends an active ingredient which has already been prediluted with a petro ⁇ chemical solvent: 20 PERCENT BY WEIGHT
  • EXAMPLE V The following typifies a formulation suitable for providing decorative high gloss to household plants in a safe and economical way, eliminating the problems with 30 phytotoxicity caused by organic solvents that these leaf polishes currently employ:
  • Isopar C is a trademark of Exxon Corporation for an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon.
  • **Acryloid is a trademark of Rohm and Haas of Philadelphia, 35. Pennsylvania for acrylic ester resins in organic solvent solution. PERCENT BY WEIGHT
  • This following formula is for a preparation adapted to form a protective film upon fabrics to serve as a water/stain repellent:
  • the solvent serves as a vehicle for the active ingredient in the continuous phase causing the same to have molecular continuity and thereby provide an unbroken film; as distinguished from water solutions of water soluble active ingredients which would cause the resultant dispensant to be of a water beaded character wit uneven distribution of the active ingredient.
  • EXAMPLE IX The following formula also includes an active ingredie which is water soluble and which is adapted through the teachings of the present invention to provide a synthetic high temperature lubricant:
  • the water soluble compound is carried by the organic solvent into the continuous phase thus providing uniform coverage of the lubricant.
  • Cocodiethanolamide 1.0% WATER 29% SOLVENT ,
  • the methylene chloride constitutes a, relatively strong solvent for enhancing the bonding capabilities of the paint, that is for promoting the adhesion of the finish to unprimed surfaces.
  • the addition of the solvent in this particular formula illustrates the capacity of the preparations of the present invention to integrate solvents for providing a specific property in the preparation which may serve its intended purpose without interferring with the inherent properties of the present preparation.
  • the solvent is not a part, as it were, of the active ingredient as is shown in Examples III and VI above since it is more than likely incompatible with the latex paint which is fundamentally a closed system. Therefore, solvents utilized with such active ingredients are effectively brought into the preparation after the addition of the dispersal agent.
  • Example X embodies an active ingredien in an emulsion so that the amount of dispersal agent will be less than 2.5% and follow the second general formula set forth above. With this particular formula it was found that 1% by weight of the dispersal agent would in addition to assuring attainment of the requisite energy level for dispersion also provide for the especial features sought in a good paint, EXAMPLE XI
  • the foregoing formula contains an active ingredient which is in a stable emulsion and with the dispersal agent being in minimum amount for providing the necessary energy for dispersion.
  • the active ingredient is in a stable emulsion so that the dispersal agent is in an amount substantially less than 2.5% in accordance with the above discussions.
  • the solvent by reason of the closed system of the emulsion is introduced into the preparation after the incorporation of the dispersal agent, as in Example X above.
  • the characteristics and procedures for producing preparations according to the present invention are straightforward without requirement for complex instrumenta ⁇ tion or equipment or concern for close control of environ- mental factors as all such production may be effected under ambient conditions.
  • the active ingredient whether the same be in pre-emulsi ied condition or otherwise, is inter ⁇ mixed with the indicated amount of cocodiethanolamide for thus forming the continuous phase and with the latter then having the water constituent blended therein.
  • a non-aqueous solvent is to be incorporated within the par ⁇ ticular preparation as part of the active ingredient, the sa e is accordingly intermixed with the active ingredient and the cocodiethanolamide in the formation of the continuous phase.
  • the particular solvent to be incorporated is incompatible with the active ingredient, then such solvent is added after the water or with or after the,cocodiethanolamide if the active ingredient contains substantial water, as in fundamentally closed systems.

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PCT/US1980/000037 1980-01-17 1980-01-17 Water dispersions Ceased WO1981001964A1 (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983003950A1 (fr) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-24 Perfect-Valois Ventil Gmbh Melange renfermant de l'eau et au moins une substance active
EP0453783A1 (de) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Jürgen Ernst Königs Schmiermittel fÀ¼r die Züge von Posaunen oder dgl. Musikinstrumenten

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2887460A (en) * 1955-12-27 1959-05-19 Dow Chemical Co Stabilized latex coating compositions containing reactive pigments and glycolamine stabilizers and method for preparing same
US3039969A (en) * 1958-08-29 1962-06-19 Houghton & Co E F Hydraulic fluid emulsion
US3244638A (en) * 1960-06-21 1966-04-05 Swift & Co Water-in-oil emulsion
GB1026831A (en) * 1963-05-31 1966-04-20 Mediline Ag Preparations for use in feminine hygiene
US3929492A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-12-30 Johnson & Son Inc S C Surface treating compositions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2887460A (en) * 1955-12-27 1959-05-19 Dow Chemical Co Stabilized latex coating compositions containing reactive pigments and glycolamine stabilizers and method for preparing same
US3039969A (en) * 1958-08-29 1962-06-19 Houghton & Co E F Hydraulic fluid emulsion
US3244638A (en) * 1960-06-21 1966-04-05 Swift & Co Water-in-oil emulsion
GB1026831A (en) * 1963-05-31 1966-04-20 Mediline Ag Preparations for use in feminine hygiene
US3929492A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-12-30 Johnson & Son Inc S C Surface treating compositions

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1983003950A1 (fr) * 1982-05-10 1983-11-24 Perfect-Valois Ventil Gmbh Melange renfermant de l'eau et au moins une substance active
EP0453783A1 (de) * 1990-04-23 1991-10-30 Jürgen Ernst Königs Schmiermittel fÀ¼r die Züge von Posaunen oder dgl. Musikinstrumenten

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JPS57500054A (enExample) 1982-01-14

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