Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
  • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
  • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
  • F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
  • F02M57/02—Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
  • F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
  • F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
  • F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
  • F02M59/361—Valves being actuated mechanically
  • F02M59/362—Rotary valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
  • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
  • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
  • F02B75/00—Other engines
  • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
  • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
  • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four

Definitions

• This invention relates generally to internal combustion engines and more particularly to those having electrically controlled fuel injection.
• Electrical control of fuel injection is versatile and thus advantageous. In general, it allows accomplishment of several important objectives suc as excellent control of exhaust emissions; improved engine response; programming of desired torque characteristics of the engine; programming of desired speed regula ⁇ tions; provision for rapid shutdown of engines; and improved fuel economy.
• novel apparatus was provided with dual linearly acting or reciprocating valves which are solenoid controlled to move from a first to a second position and which are resiliently urged to return from the second to the first position.
• This novel apparatus avoided some of the relatively large inertial forces common to single reciprocating valves.
• novel apparatus was provided with a single rotary controlled valve which significantly reduced some of the inertial forces common to reciprocating valves and provided an im ⁇ provement over the lubrication problems associated with reciprocating valves.
• the single rotary controlled valve operated in start-stop manner which caused only slight inertial forces.
• a rotary fuel injection apparatus including a housing having a plunger re- ciprocably mounted in a plunger bore.
• First and second continuously rotating valves are fluidly connected to the plunger bore and are provided for starting and stopping fuel injection.
• Figure 1 is a view illustrating the apparatus and system of this invention
• Figures 2, 2A and 2B are partial views sequentially illustrating fuel injection with the apparatus of the invention
• Figure 3 is a view illustrating an adjustment control of this invention
• Figure 4 is a view illustrating an alter ⁇ native to the apparatus of the invention.
• a unit fuel injection apparatus is designated 10 and includes a unit fuel injector pump 12 operatively connected in a system including a known fuel supply tank or reservoir 14 from which fuel is transferred to the fuel injector pump 12 by a known fuel transfer pump 16, preferably through a filter 18.
• the fuel is supplied to a housing 24 through a conduit 17.
• Fuel enters housing 24 at an inlet port 56 of fuel conduit 20.
• Fuel exits from a fuel conduit 22 in housing 24 at an outlet port 62 and is conducted back to tank 14 through a conduit 19.
• Unit fuel injection pump 12. includes housing 24 having a tappet 28 resiliently biased by spring 30 and driven by a lobe 32 on a camshaft 34 as is well known.
• a plunger 36 is a means for reciprocating in a first bore 38 within housing 24.
• Fuel, delivered to first bore 38, is injected into an engine cylinder (not shown) past a oneway check valve 49, through an injection passage 40 and an injection port 42 in a tip assembly 44.
• the fuel is expelled through port 42 due to its substantial pressurization periodically occurring in a cavity 100 of first bore 38 as plunger 36 con ⁇ tinuously reciprocates.
• Controlling the quantity and timing of the injection of fuel through port 42 is the subject of much technology due to present trends in enhancing fuel economy and reducing fuel emissions. Such technology is complicated because the control of quantity and timing must be coordinated with other engine functions and conditions. Since the lobe 32 and plunger 36 have a fixed cyclical relationship for pressurizing the fuel in first bore 38, variations in controlling quantity and timing of injection usually involve electrical and/or mechanical control of the admittance of fuel to first bore 38. For example, this has been accomplished by a scroll (helix) on the plunger which is rotated with a rack.
• plunger 36 reciprocates between a dotted line position "A" and a solid line position "B".
• Fuel conduit 20 extends into housing 24 from port 56 and terminates at bore 38 adjacent an end 52 of plunger 36.
• conduit 20 functions as a means for conducting fuel to cavity 100 of plunger bore 38.
• Fuel conduit 22 extends from cavity 100 of plunger bore 38, through housing 24 to port 62.
• conduit 22 functions as a means for conducting fuel from plunger bore 38.
• Conduit 20 is in fluid communication with cavity 100 when plunger 36 is in position “A” but not in position "B".
• Conduit 22 is in fluid communication with cavity 100 when plunger 36 is in any position between "A" and "B”.
• Conduit 22 separates or diverges to form a first branch or conduit portion 22a between cavity 100 and outlet port 62 and a second separate branch or conduit portion 22b between cavity 100 and
• a first enlarged bore 70 is transversely disposed in conduit 22a.
• Bore 70 is of a construction sufficient for accommodating a first valve 72 which functions as a means for starting injection.
• Valve 72 is mounted in housing 24 for rotation in bore-70 in a lapped fit.
• Valve 72 has an enlarged outer cylindrical surface 76 for lubricated rotating engagement with inner cylindrical surface 77 of bore 70.
• a reduced diameter portion 78 of valve 72 is adjacent a high pressure inlet 81 and a relatively low pressure outlet 83 at an intersection of conduit 22a and bore 70.
• a raised arcuate blocking shoulder 82 (Figs. 1 and 2) is formed on reduced diameter portion 78 of valve 72.
• Outer arcuate surface 84 of shoulder 82 rotatably engages inner surface 76 of bore 70 in a manner suf ⁇ ficient for blocking inlet 81, thus limiting passage of fuel through conduit 22a to port 62.
• Shoulder 82 and thus arcuate surface 84 have a first arcuate length Ll for permitting shoulder 82 to block inlet 81 for a certain duration.
• a balancing shoulder 82a is also formed on portion 78 and is of the same size and configuration as blocking shoulder 82 but is diametrically opposed to shoulder 82. ithout bal ⁇ ancing shoulder 82a, relatively high fuel pressure forces acting on surface 84 would tend to deflect valve 72 in bore 70 due to the reduced diameter of portion 78.
• Blocking shoulder 82 is timed to block inlet 81 when plunger 36 is blocking conduit 20 and is moving toward position "B" when injection can occur. Bal ⁇ ancing shoulder 82a will block inlet 81 when plunger 36 is not blocking conduit 20 and is moving toward posi ⁇ tion "A", thus no injection will occur since, as it is well known, injection can occur only when fuel is being compressed in cavity 100.
• a second enlarged bore 90 is transversely disposed in conduit 22b.
• Bore 90 is of a construction sufficient for accommodating a second valve 92 which functions as a means for stopping injection.
• Valve 92 is mounted in housing 24 for rotation in bore 90 in a lapped fit.
• Valve 92 has an enlarged outer cylindrical surface 96 for lubricated rotating engagement with inner cylindrical surface 97 of bore 90.
• a reduced diameter portion 98 of valve 92 is adjacent a high pressure inlet 101 and a relatively low pressure outlet 103 at an intersection of conduit 22b and bore 90.
• a raised arcuate blocking shoulder 102 is formed on reduced diameter portion 98 of valve 92.
• Outer arcuate surface 104 of shoulder 102 rotatably engages inner surface 96 of bore 90 in a manner sufficient for blocking inlet 101, thus limiting passage of fuel through conduit 22b to port 62.
• Shoulder 102, and thus surface 104 have a second arcuate length L2 greater than first arcuate length Ll, thus permitting shoulder 102 to block inlet 101 for a greater duration than the duration which shoulder 82 blocks inlet 81.
• a balancing shoulder 102a is also formed on portion 98 and is of the same size and configuration as blocking shoulder 102 but is diametrically opposed to shoulder 102.
• Blocking shoulder 102 is timed to block inlet 101 when plunger 36 is blocking conduit 20 and is moving toward position "B I: when injection can occur. Balancing shoulder 102a will block inlet 101 when plunger 36 is not blocking conduit 20 and is moving toward position "A", thus no injection will occur.
• conduit 22a bypasses valve 72, but conduits 22a, 22b fluidly interconnect first valve 72 and second valve 92 due to their common connection to conduit 22 and port 62.
• plunger bore 38 is fluidly connected to first valve 72 and second valve 92 permitting conduit 22 to conduct fuel from cavity 100 and simultaneously provide the fuel to first valve 72 and second valve 92.
• Figures 2, 2A, 2B graphically illustrate the relative positions of valves 72, 92 rotating in bores 70, 90, respectively, for starting and stopping in ⁇ jection.
• Means 119 are provided for continuously rotating valve 72 and an additional identical means 119 ⁇ 8 -
• Means 119 is required to continuously rotate valve 92. However, only one of the identical means 119 is shown in Figure 3 and described below. Means 119 is preferably elec ⁇ trical, although it is possible to arrange for mechani- cal rotation of valves 72,92. Means 119 includes a control transmitter 120, and a control transformer and servo 122. Control transmitter 120 is driven.by camshaft 34 at one-half engine speed (for a 4 cycle engine) . Such a control transmitter 120, through suitable buffering networks which are well known, directly drives control transformer and servo 122 which rotates valve 72.
• stator 124 of control transmitter 120 By adjusting the position of stator 124 of control transmitter 120, the starting of in ⁇ jection is controlled.' This is accomplished by ad- justing the timed positioning of shoulder 82 of valve 72 relative to cam 34 as to precisely when shoulder 82 begins to block inlet 81 thus controlling the starting of injection.
• control transmitter also driven by camshaft 34, directly drives control transformer and servo 122 for rotating valve 92.
• stator 124 of control transmitter 120 By adjusting stator 124 of control transmitter 120, the stopping of injection is con ⁇ trolled. This is accomplished by adjusting the timed positioning of shoulder 102 of valve 92 relative to shoulder 82 of valve 72 as to precisely when shoulder 102 stops blocking inlet 101 thus controlling the stopping of injection.
• Electrical equipment for supplying the above-described functions of means 119 is available from commercial sources such as AEROFLEX and the SINGER INSTRUMENT COMPANY, both of the United States of America.
• Such means comprises a digital system, several types of which have been used successfully for various applications requiring precision drives with adjustable phase angles.
• a digital system may be obtained from stepping motors of the type commercially available from HAWKER-SIDDLEY DYNAMICS of Great Britain, but do not have provisions for feedback corrections.
• feedback loop equipment is commercially available from DISC INSTRUMENT CORP. of the United States of America. Rotating the valves 72,92 at one-half engine speed will result in making one injection of fuel per two engine revolutions in a four cycle engine. A two cycle engine would have valves 72,92 rotating at crank speed since injection frequency is at crank frequency.
• the arcuate lengths Ll, L2 of shoulders 82,102, re ⁇ spectively, may be expressed in rotational degrees.
• Electrical means are employed to determine the start of injection as well as to determine the quantity of fuel injected.
• Such means are well known and are not the subject of this invention. These means usually include a power source, sensing devices, actuators, and the like, and take into account inlet manifold pressure and temperature, engine speed and load, and even fuel temperature. ..
• the UFIS is powered by the vehicular power system, e.g., a twelve (12) or twenty-four (24) volt system or the like.
• the UFIS logic requires relatively low milliamperage. Thus, the signal produced by the UFIS logic must be matched to provide an appropriate UFIS input to control trans ⁇ mitter 120.
• UFIS logic can also provide the appro ⁇ priate adjustment to stator 124 for controlling the position of shoulder 82 relative to cam 34 and the position of shoulder 102 relative to shoulder 82 as discussed above.
• fuel can be introduced to a central bore 200 of a valve 72' ro ⁇ tating in a valve bore 70'.
• the fuel can be expelled from valve 72' through a transverse bore 203 and an annulus 204 to a conduit 205.
• fuel can be expelled from valve 72' through a transverse bore 206, annulus 207 to a conduit 208 and also through a transverse bore 209, annulus 210 to a conduit 211.
• a blocking shoulder 212 blocks fuel from being expelled through conduit 205.
• a shoulder 213 blocks fuel from being expelled through conduit 208 while a shoulder 214 blocks fuel from being expelled through conduit 211.
• conduit 205 is larger than each of the conduits 208,211. In fact, the total cross-sectional area of conduit 208 and conduit 211 is equal in size to the cross-sectional area of conduit 205.
• conduits 208,211 are dia- metrically opposed to conduit 205. In this manner, the sum of forces acting on one side 215 of valve 72' are equal and opposite to the sum of forces acting on another side 216 of valve 72', the sides 215,216 being diametrically opposed.
• transfer pump 16 maintains a system pressure at about 30-35 psi.
• Means 119 rotate valves 72,92 continuously at the same constant rate.
• Fuel enters housing 24 at port 56 and flows to cavity 100 via conduit 20.
• the fuel continues through conduit 22 and returns ' to tank 14 via conduits 22a,22b which include valves 72,92 respectively.
• Camshaft 34 and lobe 32 rotate and cause plunger 36 to reciprocate between positions "A" and "B".
• plunger 36 blocks conduit 20 and continues toward position "B" injection can occur depending now on the timed sequential and simultaneous positioning of shoulders 82 and 102.
• shoulder 102 rotates to block inlet 101 but fuel continues to tank 14 via conduit 22a.
• shoulder 82 simultaneously rotates to block inlet 81 as shoulder 102 continues to block inlet 101 and fuel is trapped in housing 24. Further downward movement of plunger 36 greatly compresses fuel in cavity 100 forcing the fuel past check valve 49 to be injected through port 42.
• shoulder 102 rotates to clear inlet 101 and injection stops as fuel resumes flowing to tank 14 via condui.t 22b.
• shoulder 82 also clears inlet 81 and fuel again flows to tank 14 via conduit 22a.
• Plunger 36 then begins travel from position "B” to .position "A” as balancing shoulders 82a,102a rotate past inlets 81,101, respectively, but under these conditions no injection occurs since fuel in cavity 100 is not being compressed. The above-described cycle repeats rapidly. -12-
• Signals from the UFIS logic to means 119 can operate through stator 124 to adjust the relative positions of valve shoulders 82,102 through the use of means 119 which rotatably drives valves 72,92. Since the two valves 72,92 rotate continuously at the same constant speed, objectionable inertial forces asso ⁇ ciated with the prior art are avoided.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=22147659

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (2)

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Citations (3)

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• 1979
  • 1979-08-08 JP JP50174079A patent/JPS56500971A/ja active Pending
  • 1979-08-08 WO PCT/US1979/000587 patent/WO1981000431A1/en unknown
• 1980
  • 1980-06-23 CA CA000354639A patent/CA1122084A/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-07-18 EP EP80302429A patent/EP0024115A1/en not_active Ceased
• 1981
  • 1981-02-13 US US06/234,085 patent/US4326672A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Patent Citations (3)

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